Dept of Earth Sciences

DEPT OF EARTH SCIENCES

Project Title:	Tectonic evolution of the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, Xizang (Tibet), China
Investigator(s):	Aitchison JC, Sun M, Malpas JG, Davis AM, Ali JR
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	12/2003

Abstract:

To determine the nature and significance of the Bangong-Nujiang suture (BNS); to examine Mesozoic-Cenozoic geology of this zone to understand its geological history; to apply knowledge of basement geology to constrain studies of Neotectonic evolution of the Tibet plateau.

Project Title:	A study of the Neotethyan suture around Mt Kailas, western Tibet - a link between the Indus and Yarlung Tsangpo suture zones
Investigator(s):	Aitchison JC, Malpas JG, Davis AM, Ali JR
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	08/2004

Abstract:

To develop a detailed working knowledge of the stratigraphy, sedimentology, petrography, geochemistry, structure, and metamorphism of rocks in, and around, the western part of the Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone (YTSZ); to compare the characteristics and tectonic evolution of constituent rocks with units already studied by the HKU Tibet Research Group along portions of the suture further to the east; to test correlations with rocks known from the Indus suture in northern India; to provide constraints that allow us to test and refine tectonic models for the evolution of central Neotethys and the India-Asia collision; to apply detailed knowledge of basement geology as a constraint for studies of the Neotectonic evolution of this region.

Project Title:	Using crustal xenoliths as windows to what lies deep beneath Tibet
Investigator(s):	Aitchison JC, Davis AM
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	03/2005

Abstract:

Objectives • To examine Late Cenozoic dikes and tuffs exposed along the Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone in Tibet. • To collect deep crustal xenoliths from within the dikes as a means to sampling the lithosphere under Tibet. • To use knowledge gained from this study to provide fundamental constraints in order to test tectonic models of the India-Asia collision As a result of the past eight years of investigations by the HKU Tibet Research Group along the Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone we are aware of numerous unstudied outcrops of Neogene intrusive and volcanic rocks. Such rocks may be considerably more widespread than realized as previous geochemical studies by other groups have concentrated on rocks that crop out within the immediate vicinity of major access routes across the Tibetan Plateau. Our observations suggest that not only intrusive units are present but that eruptive units also occur at some localities. At some of these localities we have observed lower crustal xenoliths within diatremes and other rapidly emplaced volcanic units. These xenoliths contain a preserved record of the nature of the material that underlies the Tibetan Plateau. We plan to sample and use such xenoliths as a window to the deep crust beneath Tibet.

Project Title:	Age and significance of normal faulting in south and central Tibet
Investigator(s):	Aitchison JC, Valli F
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	France/Hong Kong Joint Research Scheme - Travel Grants
Start Date:	01/2007

Abstract:

Our objective is to study the active normal faults of south and central Tibet and particularly the Kung Co, Kangqung, Danggyai, and Co Pung grabens that stretch between the Bangong Nu Jiang and the Himalayas in order to: a) Determine the age of extension and if it was synchronous in southern (Kung Co) and Northern rifts(Kangqung, Dnggyai, and Co Pung). b) Determin the nature of the rocks uplifted and from what depths they have been exhumed in order to quantify the amount of extension c) To test whether strike-slip (Karakorum-Jiali zone) and normal motions are commensurate. d) To decipher the mechanical cause(s) for extension. e) To constrain the age of uplift of the Tibetan plateau. f) Unveil new areas where Cenozoic deformation might have been previously overlooked.

Project Title:	The significance of unconformities bounding the Linzizhong Formation in southern Tibet
Investigator(s):	Aitchison JC, Ali JR
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	04/2007

Abstract:

ObjectivesSimple models for the tectonic evolution of the southern margin of Eurasia assume subduction of Tethyan Ocean lithosphere beneath the southern margin of Eurasia from Late Jurassic until India collided with Asia in the Cenozoic. However, marked unconformities in the stratigraphy of the volcano-sedimentary succession that developed along the southern Lhasa terrane indicate significant changes in tectonic regime during this interval. The presence of such unconformities is consistent with the hypothesis that Tethys was similar to modern-day oceans and contained numerous irregularities such as sea mounts, aseismic ridges and oceanic plateaux. As can be seen from the present Andean subduction system where Pacific crust is subducting under South America (a modern analogue of the Cretaceous-Early Cenozoic southern margin of Eurasia), the arrival of such features at the trench results in marked disruption to volcanic arcs located above the subducting lithosphere.This project will begin a critical examination of unconformities that bound volcano-sedimentary strata, which developed in response to subduction of the Tethyan Ocean beneath Eurasia and aims:o to establish the age and duration of the unconformity between the Takena Formation and Linzizhong volcanics in southern Tibet.o to determine the significance of this unconformity with regard to it's implications for changes in tectonic regimeo to find the youngest Linzizhong volcanics and thereby determine when Indian continental lithosphere entered the subduction zone shutting off volcanism and began to collide with Asiao to check for any diachroneity in the unconformities along regional strikeo to determine the implications of changes in tectonic regime for uplift and development of the Tibetan Plateauo develop an understanding of the nature of the now subducted Tethyan Oceano to determine how the development of these features might have pre-conditioned the lithosphere of southern Eurasia prior to India-Asia collisiono to set the scene for a wider investigation of these, and other, regional uniformities across southern Tibet that will form the basis of a RGC grant applicationKey IssuesDevelopment of the angular unconformity between the Late Cretaceous Takena Formation and overlying latest Cretaceous to Eocene Linzizhong Volcanics in the Lhasa terrane cannot easily be related to any known tectonic event during or leading up to the India-Asia collision. However, available data indicate that this feature records a 15 million period of non-deposition, deformation, uplift and erosion and must therefore mark a significant tectonic event. Likewise the unconformity at the top of the Linzizhong Volcanics marks an important tectonic event, namely onset of the collision between India and Asia yet it is poorly located and not well understood.ProblemsAlthough the distribution of strata assigned to both the Takena, Linzizhong and successor formations is known at a reconnaissance level, the location of bounding unconformities is not precisely known. Because of this we do not know the ages of the youngest strata beneath and above the unconformities nor do we know their duration and significance. Clearly they mark important tectonic events but whether or not these events were rapid and intense or longer and more sustained remain uncertain. In order to develop accurate tectonic models one must establish the nature and significance of hiatuses in the geological record and despite the fact that Tibet provides geologists with their type example of a continent-continent collision system this is yet to be achieved in southern Tibet.

List of Research Outputs

119. Wang Y.J., Luo H. and Aitchison J.C., Influence of the Frasnian-Famennian event on radiolarian faunas, Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae . 2006, 99 Supp. 1: S127-S132.

Aitchison J.C., Associate Editor, Island Arc. 2007.

Aitchison J.C., Editorial Board, Palaeoworld. 2007.

Aitchison J.C., McDermid I.R.C., Ali J.R. and Davis A.M., Shoshonites in southern Tibet record Late Jurassic rifting of a Tethyan intra-oceanic island arc., Jour. Geology. 2007, 115: 197–213.

Aitchison J.C., McDermid I.R.C., Ali J.R., Davis A.M. and Zyabrev S.V., Shoshonites in southern Tibet record Late Jurassic rifting of a Tethyan intra-oceanic island arc, Journal of Geology . 2007, 115: 197-213.

Aitchison J.C., Ali J.R. and Davis A.M., When and where did India and Asia collide? , Journal of Geophysical Research, Solid Earth . 2007, 112: B05423, doi:10.1029/2006JB004706.

Aitchison J.C., Ali J.R. and Davis A.M., When and where did India and Asia collide?112B, Art. No. B05423., Jour. Geophys. Res. . 2007, 112B: B05423.

Ali J.R. and Aitchison J.C., 'Greater India' controversy: Case closed? , Current Science . 2007, 92: 739-742.

Ali J.R. and Aitchison J.C., Comment on "Trans-Hudson Orogen of North America and Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibetan Orogen of Asia: structural and thermal characteristics of the lower and upper plates" by M. R. St-Onge et al.,, Tectonics. 2007, 26: TC3018 10.1029/2006TC002043.

Ali J.R. and Aitchison J.C., “Greater India” controversy: case closed?, Current Science. 2007, 92: 739–742.

Baxter A.T. and Aitchison J.C., Detailed study of the Lagkor Tso ophiolitic mélange, Gertze, western Tibet, 22nd Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet workshop. Hong Kong, 2007, 5.

Chan H.N., Aitchison J.C., Searle M.P., Waters D., Horstwood M. and Lo C.H., Probing the basement of southern Tibet: evidence from crustal xenoliths entrained in a Miocene ultrapotassic dyke, 22nd Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet workshop, Hong Hong, May 2007. Hong Kong, 11.

Chan H.N., Crowley Q., Searle M.P. and Aitchison J.C., U-Pb zircon ages of the Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone ophiolites, south Tibet, 22nd Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet Workshop. Hong Kong, 2007, 12.

Faustino D.V., Aitchison J.C., Ali J.R. and Zheng Q.G., Mid-Cretaceous backarc-rifting along the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, 22nd Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet workshop. Hong Kong, 2007, 32.

Lee J.T., Li S.H. and Aitchison J.C., OSL Dating of Paleoshorelines at Lagkor Tso Lake, Western Tibet, First Asia-Pacific Conference on Luminescence Dating, Hong Kong, 2006.

Lee T., Li S.H. and Aitchison J.C., Evolution of a hypersaline lake: Lagkor Tso, western Tibet, 22nd Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet workshop. Hong Kong, 2007, 54.

Marquez E.J., Aitchison J.C. and Zamoras L.R., Upper Permian to Middle Jurassic radiolarian assemblages of Busuanga and surrounding islands, Palawan, Philippines, Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae . 2006, 99 Supp 1: S101-S125.

Queano K.L., Ali J.R., Milsom J., Aitchison J.C. and Pubellier M.F., North Luzon and the Philippine Sea Plate motion model: Insights following paleomagnetic, structural, and age-dating investigations, Journal of Geophysical Research, Solid Earth. USA, AGU, 2007, 112: doi: 10.1029/2006JB004506.

Queano K.L., Ali J.R., Milsom J., Aitchison J.C. and Pubellier M.F., North Luzon and the Philippine Sea Plate motion model: insights following paleomagnetic, structural and age-dating investigations. Art. No. B05101.112B, , Jour. Geophys. Res. . 2007, 112B: B05101.

Siveter D.J., Aitchison J.C., Siveter D.J. and Sutton M.D., The Radiolaria of the Herefordshire Konservat-Lagerstatte (Silurian), England, Journal of Micropaleontology . 2007, 26: 87-95.

Switzer A.D., Yim W.W.S. and Aitchison J.C., Quaternary climate change: lessons from the past, clues for the future, Conference on Living in a warmer world: climate change and Hong Kong. Hong Kong, The University of Hong Kong, 2006, 1 page.

Switzer A.D., Jones B.G. and Aitchison J.C., Sedimentology and morphology of a barchan dune from Xigaze Tibet, 22nd Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet workshop. Hong Kong, 2007, 92.

Wang B., Ali J.R. and Aitchison J.C., Preliminary paleomagnetic results from the Linzizong volcanics eastrn south Tibet: regional tectonic implications, 22nd Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet workshop. Hong Kong, 2007, 98.

Wang W., Aitchison J.C. and Zhou M.F., The nature and distribution of ophiolitic rocks in central Tibet, 22nd Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet workshop. Hong Kong, 2007, 103.

Researcher : Ali JR

Project Title:	Paleomagnetic study of paleogene rocks, Kazakhstan, central Asia
Investigator(s):	Ali JR
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding for New Staff
Start Date:	02/2003

Abstract:

To obtain a new apparent paleomagnetic pole from Upper Paleocene-Middle Eocene (60-50 Ma) shallow marine rock outcrops in Karakhstan to constrain the Late Cretaceous-mid Cenozoic position of the east and central Eurasian continental plate and hence establish its motion history for the peirod 80-40 Ma; to serve as a pilot investigation with the future aim of extracting from central Asia a middle Paleogene sea-level history from deposits that formed in the old Turgay Seaway (Arctic Ocean arm that 55 million years ago extended south to Iran) as part of ongoing testing of the Eustatic Sea-Level Concept.

Project Title:	Determining the age and duration of volcanism associated with the Emeishan large igneous province (SW China), and its temporal link with the end-Guadalupian mass extinction
Investigator(s):	Ali JR, Thompson GM, Zhou MF
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	01/2005

Abstract:

To provide a data-set for the temporal link hypothesis to be fully evaluated. From our parallel studies of the richly fossiliferous adajcent South China platform sediments, we hope also to see what environmental changes can be directly attributable to the LIP. If successful, the results of the project will be important providing critical information to a spectrum of geoscientists including LIP workers, mantle plume modellers, Phanerozoic palaeontologists, as well as evolutionary biologists. Critically, it should be possible to report the work in some of the highest profile journals.

Project Title:	Quantifying crustal shortening within the Asia plate as a result of the India collision: mapping, age-dating and paleomagnetic investigation of Cenozoic rocks on the Lhasa block
Investigator(s):	Ali JR, Aitchison JC
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	01/2006

Abstract:

The main objective of this project is to develop a time-space model for the Lhasa block for the entire Cenozoic which can then be used to constrain models for the India-Asia collision system, and to assess the amount of crustal shortening Asia has experienced as a result of the event. For our “purpose” to be achieved, we plan to use a number of key tools and techniques on a series of rocks that formed on the Lhasa block during the Cenozoic.

List of Research Outputs

Aitchison J.C., McDermid I.R.C., Ali J.R. and Davis A.M., Shoshonites in southern Tibet record Late Jurassic rifting of a Tethyan intra-oceanic island arc., Jour. Geology. 2007, 115: 197–213.

Aitchison J.C., McDermid I.R.C., Ali J.R., Davis A.M. and Zyabrev S.V., Shoshonites in southern Tibet record Late Jurassic rifting of a Tethyan intra-oceanic island arc, Journal of Geology . 2007, 115: 197-213.

Aitchison J.C., Ali J.R. and Davis A.M., When and where did India and Asia collide? , Journal of Geophysical Research, Solid Earth . 2007, 112: B05423, doi:10.1029/2006JB004706.

Aitchison J.C., Ali J.R. and Davis A.M., When and where did India and Asia collide?112B, Art. No. B05423., Jour. Geophys. Res. . 2007, 112B: B05423.

Ali J.R. and Aitchison J.C., 'Greater India' controversy: Case closed? , Current Science . 2007, 92: 739-742.

Ali J.R., Biogeographical and geological evidence for a smaller, completely-enclosed Pacific basin in the Late Cretaceous: a comment., Jour. Biogeography. 2006, 33: 1670–1676.

Ali J.R. and Aitchison J.C., Comment on "Trans-Hudson Orogen of North America and Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibetan Orogen of Asia: structural and thermal characteristics of the lower and upper plates" by M. R. St-Onge et al.,, Tectonics. 2007, 26: TC3018 10.1029/2006TC002043.

Ali J.R. and Wignall P.B., Comment on “Fusiline biotic turnover across the Guadalupian-Lopingian (Middle-Upper Permian) boundary in mid-oceanic carbonate build-ups: biostratigraphy of accreted limestone in Japan” by Ayano Ota and Yukio Isozaki. , Jour. Asian Earth Sciences. 2007, 30: 199–200.

Ali J.R. and Hill R.D., Feng Shui and the orientation of traditional villages in the New Territories, Hong Kong, China., Jour. Hong Kong Branch Royal Asiatic Society. 2007, 45: 27–39.

Ali J.R., Plate modelling of the India-Asia collision system. , Chinese University of Geoscience, Beijing, 13 January 2007. 2007.

Ali J.R., Plate modelling of the India-Asia collision system. , SW China institute of Geology, Chengdu, 11 January 2007. 2007.

Ali J.R., Three presentations at the International Summer School on Asian Tectonics held in Kobe Japan, 15-28 August, 2006., In: Prof. Yo-Ichoro Otofuji, International Summer School on Asian Tectonics held in Kobe Japan, 15-28 August, 2006. 2006.

Ali J.R. and Aitchison J.C., “Greater India” controversy: case closed?, Current Science. 2007, 92: 739–742.

Faustino D.V., Aitchison J.C., Ali J.R. and Zheng Q.G., Mid-Cretaceous backarc-rifting along the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, 22nd Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet workshop. Hong Kong, 2007, 32.

Milsom J., Ali J.R. and Queano K.L., Peculiar geometry of northern Luzon, Philippines: implications for regional tectonics of new gravity and paleomagnetic data., Tectonics . 2006, 25: TC4017.

Queano K.L., Ali J.R., Milsom J., Aitchison J.C. and Pubellier M.F., North Luzon and the Philippine Sea Plate motion model: Insights following paleomagnetic, structural, and age-dating investigations, Journal of Geophysical Research, Solid Earth. USA, AGU, 2007, 112: doi: 10.1029/2006JB004506.

Queano K.L., Ali J.R., Milsom J., Aitchison J.C. and Pubellier M.F., North Luzon and the Philippine Sea Plate motion model: insights following paleomagnetic, structural and age-dating investigations. Art. No. B05101.112B, , Jour. Geophys. Res. . 2007, 112B: B05101.

Wang B., Ali J.R. and Aitchison J.C., Preliminary paleomagnetic results from the Linzizong volcanics eastrn south Tibet: regional tectonic implications, 22nd Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet workshop. Hong Kong, 2007, 98.

Whattam S.A., Malpas J.G., Smith I.E.M. and Ali J.R., Link between SSZ ophiolite formation, emplacement and arc inception, Northland, New Zealand: U-Pb SHRIMP constraints; Cenozoic SW Pacific tectonic implications., Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2006, 250: 606–632.

Researcher : Aydin A

Project Title:	Quantification and mapping of liquefaction potential of loaog city, the Philippines
Investigator(s):	Aydin A
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Small Project Funding
Start Date:	11/2003

Abstract:

To develop more robust and comprehensive assessment methodologies in determining and delineating liquefaction potential.

Project Title:	Mechanisms of landslides along clayey veins in saprolitic profiles
Investigator(s):	Aydin A, Aydin NS
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	12/2003

Abstract:

To integrate field, geochemical, clay mineralogical and physical characterization methods with quantitative microstructural analyses of natural clayey veins and experimentally deformed remolded and artificial mixtures of soils to better understand and predict these landslides.

Project Title:	EVALUATION AND DELINEATION OF LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY
Investigator(s):	Aydin A
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	03/2005

Abstract:

The fundamental objective of the proposed project is to develop new approaches/methods to facilitate recognition, identification, quantification, ranking/weighting, integration and delineation of various general and site-specific factors, which influence occurrence of landslides in time and space. Firstly, managing and preserving the original qualities of a multi-variable and multi-source data set which also show spatial and temporal variability is a significant challenge. Furthermore, some of these data are originally in linguistic form and needs to be quantified and integrated with the originally quantitative data without distorting their original notion. Thirdly, ranking and assigning weights to different factors are probably the weakest links in the susceptibility schemes. In order to tackle the first set of issues, the project should benefit from the data management, layer aggregation and graphical facilities of “geographical information systems”. In addressing the other issues, use of the fuzzy set theory and probabilistic multi-factor analysis together with the conditioning of the data using the well-documented landslides should provide a rigorous conceptual framework.

Project Title:	Quantification and mapping of liquefaction potential of loaog city, the Philippines: phase II
Investigator(s):	Aydin A
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Dr. Stephen S.F. Hui Trust Fund
Start Date:	07/2005

Abstract:

Second phase of a previously funded project aimed at "quantification and mapping of liquefaction potential of the Loaog City of the Philippines. This phase is aimed at a) refining the findings of the semiqualitative and empirical evaluation of earthquake loading by site-specific measurements of strong ground, motion spectra, b) improvimg the prediction of liquefaction resistance and engineering-stratigraphical model of the soil deposits, c) checking the predicted values of in situ density, d) extending the study area to cover the entire city, and finally e) comparing rerliability of the latest empirical and direct methods.

Project Title:	DURABILITY OF LIMESTONE AS ARMOURSTONE
Investigator(s):	Aydin A, Aydin NS
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Small Project Funding
Start Date:	12/2005

Abstract:

While certain rock types such as most igneous rocks in fresh states are proven to be best performers when exposed to environmental and loading conditions as constituent materials of hydraulic structures, absence of such rocks necessitate consideration of marginal rock types for such projects. This study is designed to assess the suitability of impure limestone through characterization of its material properties and durability in-service. Limestone is one of the most common types of rocks found worldwide, especially along the coastlines. The ever-increasing demand for good quality (pure and massive) limestone as dimension and face stone in building industry leave only the poor quality limestone to be economical alternatives in armourstone production. However there are potential problems associated with the durability of such rocks. The analysis of historical performance of such rocks along the coastlines together with the characterization of source rocks should provide a significant input to the current understanding of their durability and degradation rates as armourstone. Material characterization including assessment of durability and degradation rates is crucial in geotechnical design, selection of appropriate quarrying (production), development of effective on-site sorting, handling, transport, placement and maintenance procedures, and finally realistic prediction of service-life of hydraulic structures built of rock. Thus this initial study will concentrate on material characterization of marginal (impure, porous, fractured and/or thinly bedded) limestone to determine what controls their past and future performance as armourstone.

Project Title:	Development of a scheme for microstructural characterization of weathered rocks
Investigator(s):	Aydin A, Aydin NS
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	08/2006

Abstract:

The fundamental objective of this project is to develop the first 'microstructural characterization scheme' (MCS) for weathered rocks. The outcomes will be disseminated through a series of ISI journal articles.

List of Research Outputs

Researcher : Aydin NS

Project Title:	Comparative study on speciation of potentially toxic organic and inorganic elements in urban environments of Hong Kong and Guangzhou
Investigator(s):	Aydin NS, Malpas JG
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Dr. Stephen S.F. Hui Trust Fund
Start Date:	04/2003

Abstract:

To establish a comparable and comprehensive regional database fully characterizing organc and inorganic pollutants in the urban enrironments of Hong Kong and Guangzhou.

Project Title:	Fate of heavy metals released into fluvial system: Assessment of health and environmental effects of E-waste recycling/disposal in Guiyu, SE China
Investigator(s):	Aydin NS, Malpas JG, Aydin A
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Dr. Stephen S.F. Hui Trust Fund
Start Date:	01/2004

Abstract:

To assess the fate of heavy metals in fluvial system by examining an e-waste recycling/disposal processing site in Guiyu SE, China. Special emphasis will be given to the role of sediment-water partitioning and transport and depositional processes affecting distribution, dispersion and bioavailability of heavy metals in the aqueous environment.

Project Title:	Trace elements in Chinese coal: (Phase-I) domestic coal combustion and their health impact
Investigator(s):	Aydin NS
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Dr. Stephen S.F. Hui Trust Fund
Start Date:	05/2005

Abstract:

Aims to document elemental compostion and concentrations of tozic and potentially toxic elements including, As, Se, F. Pb, Cu, Ni and Cr in chinese coal used for domestic purposes; discuss their occurrences in coal; and document adverse human health effects of domestic coal burning practice in China.

Project Title:	Atmospheric deposition of mercury in Hong Kong
Investigator(s):	Aydin NS, Gu J
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Environment and Conservation Fund
Start Date:	02/2006

Abstract:

This project is designed to simulate atmospheric deposition of total Hg (THg) in the forms of rainwater (dissolved Hg) and atmospheric particulate (particulate Hg) under natural conditions. The primary object of this project is to quantify atmospheric deposition of Hg in various parts of Hong Kong. Based on the collected information, the study will give insight to: 1) rate of atmospheric Hg loading in the environment of Hong Kong, 2) spatial and seasonal variation(s) in atmospheric Hg deposition, 3) possible influences of cross-boundary transport of Hg, and 4) evaluate potential long-term ecological and human health impacts of atmospheric Hg in Hong Kong.

List of Research Outputs

Researcher : Baxter AT

List of Research Outputs

Baxter A.T. and Aitchison J.C., Detailed study of the Lagkor Tso ophiolitic mélange, Gertze, western Tibet, 22nd Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet workshop. Hong Kong, 2007, 5.

Researcher : Chan HN

List of Research Outputs

Chan H.N., Aitchison J.C., Searle M.P., Waters D., Horstwood M. and Lo C.H., Probing the basement of southern Tibet: evidence from crustal xenoliths entrained in a Miocene ultrapotassic dyke, 22nd Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet workshop, Hong Hong, May 2007. Hong Kong, 11.

Chan H.N., Crowley Q., Searle M.P. and Aitchison J.C., U-Pb zircon ages of the Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone ophiolites, south Tibet, 22nd Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet Workshop. Hong Kong, 2007, 12.

Chan H.N., What lies beneath southern Tibet? clues from crustal xenoliths hosted in a Miocene ultrapotassic dyke, Reading the Rocks: textures and timings on all scales in metamorphism. Geological Society Metamorphic Studies Group Annual Meeting. Cambridge, UK, 2007.

Researcher : Chan LS

Project Title:	Joint HK-France-Vietnam production of a neotectonic map of South China-Southeast Asia region
Investigator(s):	Chan LS
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	The University of Hong Kong Foundation Seed Grant
Start Date:	04/2002

Abstract:

To study joint HK-France-Vietnam production of a neotectonic map of South China-Southeast Asia region.

Project Title:	Hong Kong-French collaborative research on neotectonics of South China coastal belt
Investigator(s):	Chan LS
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	France/Hong Kong Joint Research Scheme - Travel Grants
Start Date:	01/2003

Abstract:

To acquire a better understanding of the recent tectonic history of the area in the vicinity of Hong Kong; to produce a neotectonic map of the South China area.

Project Title:	Magnetic mineralogy of urban sediment in Hong Kong
Investigator(s):	Chan LS, Aydin NS
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Small Project Funding
Start Date:	11/2003

Abstract:

To determine the mineralogy of magnetic particles in street dust in Hong Kong using both magnetic and powder x-ray diffraction methods.

Project Title:	Geophysical study of Longmenshan Fold and Thrust Belt in China
Investigator(s):	Chan LS
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Small Project Funding
Start Date:	01/2006

Abstract:

The proposed project, if funded, will become part of a four-way collaboration on the neotectonics of Longmenshan Fold and Thrust Belt among Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS) of Paris, France, Chengdu University of Technology (CDUT) and Southwest Petroleum College (SWPC) of Sichuan, China, and The University of Hong Kong (HKU). The Longmenshan (LMS) Mountains forms a topographic front west of Sichuan Basin in China, rising abruptly to an elevation close to 8000m, which points to the existence of deep active tectonic processes driving the uplift of the mountain range. The activity is confirmed by the seismicity in the foreland of the Mountains, with several magnitude>7 earthquakes during the last century. Understanding how such a topography is maintained is of major interest for the understanding of the dynamics of the system. Some recent studies demonstrate that erosion of topography may be balanced by ductile shearing within the deeper part of the crust, which in turn contributes to maintaining the relief in the eroded zones. The collaborative research project aims to acquire a better understanding of the dynamics of the lithosphere through a detailed investigation of the crust structure of a 300-km long transect between the cities of Chengdu and Danba across the mid-section of the Longmenshan Mountain Range. Because of the scale of the study area, determination and interpretation of the crustal structure has to rely on geophysical studies using seismic, magnetic, gravity, and magnetotelluric data. In this collaborative research programme, ENS has obtained funding to carry out a seismic tomographic survey of the transect and CDUT and SWPC have agreed to provide logistical support and to monitor of the seismic stations over a year period. A fundamental problem of geophysical models, however, is the non-uniqueness of the solution obtained from inverse modeling of geophysical data. To overcome such a limitation, geophysicists often use multiple geophysical approaches to study the same profile, and to ensure a consistency in the model obtained by using different geophysical approaches. The primary geophysical means of this particular collaborative project is seismic tomography, which is subject to the same problem of non-unique solution. To provide additional means of checking and calibration, I have proposed to carry out a gravity and magnetic study of the same transect. Specifically, the objectives of the proposed study are (1) to determine the gravity anomaly profile across the transect and to produce through inverse modeling a density model of the profile, and (2) to undertake inverse modeling of aeromagnetic data from the same area to identify the depth of magnetic anomalies. The results will be used to constrain and calibrate the model obtained by the seismic tomographic survey.

List of Research Outputs

Chan L.S., Tang L.K.D., Shen W. and Pubellier M., Detachment faulting in Tsing Shan Area: structural geological model for Western New Territories of Hong Kong, Conference on Geology of Pearl River Mouth Area, 23-24 November, 2006. 28.

Chan L.S., Report on Geological Study of Artefacts from Ma Wan Archeological Site, Antiques and Monument Office, Government of Hong Kong SAR. 2007.

Chan M.K., Shen W. and Chan L.S., Gravity anomaly and crustal structure of the ongmenshan Mountains, Abstract Volume, 22nd Himalaya Karakoram Tibet Workshop, Hong Kong 22-25 May, 2007. . 2007.

Liu Q.S., Liu Q., Zhang Z., Xu H., Chan L.S., Jin Z. and Yang T., Magnetic Properties Of Ultrahigh-pressure Eclogites Controlled By Retrograde Metamorphism: A Case Study From The Zk703 Drillhole In Donghai, Eastern China, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors . 2007, 160: 181–191.

Pubellier M. and Chan L.S., Morphotectonic Map of Cenozoic Structures of South China-Northern Vietnam Coastal Region, with CD-ROM and explanatory text, Hong Kong, DES, HKU, 2006, 16 pp with map.

Shen W., Tang L.K.D., Chan L.S. and Pubellier M., Post-orogenic extensions in the Pearl River Delta Region (South China): implications form morphotectonic structures, field geology and paleostress inversion, Conference on Geology of Pearl River Mouth Area, 23-24 November, 2006, Guangzhou. 2006, 33.

Yang T., Liu Q.S., Chan L.S. and Liu Z.D., Magnetic Signature Of Heavy Metals Pollution Of Sediments: Case Study From The East Lake In Wuhan, China, Environmental Geology. 2007, 52: 1639-1650.

Researcher : Chan MK

List of Research Outputs

Chan M.K., Shen W. and Chan L.S., Gravity anomaly and crustal structure of the ongmenshan Mountains, Abstract Volume, 22nd Himalaya Karakoram Tibet Workshop, Hong Kong 22-25 May, 2007. . 2007.

Researcher : Chan TO

List of Research Outputs

Chan T.O., Yim W.W.S. and Switzer A.D., Sedimentological and geochemical properties of a continuous vibrocore on the northwestern coast of Lantau Island, Hong Kong, In: Collins, L. & Stevens, A., Abstracts, International field meeting on Sub-aerially exposed continental shelves since the Middle Pleistocene climatic transition . Perth, Curtin University of Technology, 2006, 55.

Researcher : Chen K

List of Research Outputs

Chen K., Jiao J.J.J., Huang J.J. and Huang R.Q., Multivariate statistical evaluation of trace elements in groundwater in a coastal area in Shenzhen, China , ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION . 2007, 147 (3): 771-780.

Researcher : Chen N

List of Research Outputs

Chen N., Xia X., Li X., Sun M., Xu P., Liu X., Wang X. and Wang Q., Timing of magmatism of the gneissic-granite plutons along North Qaidam margin and implications for Precambrian crustal accretions: zircon U-Pb dating and Hf isotope evidences, 柴北缘花岗片麻岩的岩浆作用计时和前寒武纪地壳增生：锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素证据 , Acta Petrologica Sinica. 岩石学报, 2007, 23: 501-512.

Li X., Chen N., Xia X., Sun M., Xu P., Wang Q. and Wang X., Constraints on timing of the early-Paleoproterozoic magmatism and crustal evolution of the Oulongbuluke microcontinent: U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope systematics of zircons from Mohe granitic pluton, 莫河花岗岩的锆石U-Pb和Lu-Hf同位素研究：柴北欧龙布鲁克微陆块始古元古代岩浆作用年龄和与地壳演化约束, Acta Petrologica Sinica. 岩石学报, 2007, 23: 513－522.

Researcher : Chen Y

List of Research Outputs

Li S.H., Chen Y., Li B., Sun J.M. and Yang L.R., OSL dating of sediments from deserts in northern China, Quaternary Geochronology. 2007, 2: 23-28.

Li S.H. and Chen Y., Osl Sensitivity Changes Of Quartz From Different Rocks, UK Luminescence and ESR Dating Research Meeting, Liverpool, 2006.

Li S.H. and Chen Y., Osl Sensitivity Of Quartz From Different Rocks, First Asia-pacific Conference On Luminescence Dating 2006, 28. 2006.

Researcher : Davis AM

List of Research Outputs

Aitchison J.C., McDermid I.R.C., Ali J.R. and Davis A.M., Shoshonites in southern Tibet record Late Jurassic rifting of a Tethyan intra-oceanic island arc., Jour. Geology. 2007, 115: 197–213.

Aitchison J.C., McDermid I.R.C., Ali J.R., Davis A.M. and Zyabrev S.V., Shoshonites in southern Tibet record Late Jurassic rifting of a Tethyan intra-oceanic island arc, Journal of Geology . 2007, 115: 197-213.

Aitchison J.C., Ali J.R. and Davis A.M., When and where did India and Asia collide? , Journal of Geophysical Research, Solid Earth . 2007, 112: B05423, doi:10.1029/2006JB004706.

Aitchison J.C., Ali J.R. and Davis A.M., When and where did India and Asia collide?112B, Art. No. B05423., Jour. Geophys. Res. . 2007, 112B: B05423.

Researcher : Faustino DV

List of Research Outputs

Faustino D.V., Aitchison J.C., Ali J.R. and Zheng Q.G., Mid-Cretaceous backarc-rifting along the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, 22nd Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet workshop. Hong Kong, 2007, 32.

Researcher : Guo H

List of Research Outputs

Guo H. and Jiao J.J.J., Analytical solutions for the impact of land reclamation on groundwater flow and seawater-terrestrial groundwater interface in a coastal hillside,, Ground Water . 2006, 45(3): 363-367.

Researcher : He Y

List of Research Outputs

He Y., Zhao G. and Sun M., Geochemical and isotopic studies on the Xiyanghe volcanics at the southern margin of the North China Craton, 2006 IAGR Annual Convention and International Conference. 2006, Hong Kong, Abstracts: p. 37-38.

He Y., Zhao G. and Sun M., Geochemistry of the Xiyanghe Group at the southern margin of the North China Craton: constraints on the Paleoproterozoic Post\-orogenic event, Eos Trans. AGU, West. Pac. Geophys. Meet. Suppl., Abstract. 2006, 87(36).

Xia X., Sun M., Zhao G., Wu F.Y., Xu P., Zhang J. and He Y., U-Pb and Hf Isotope Study of Detrital Zircons from the Wanzi Supracrustals: constraints on the tectonic setting and evolution of the Fuping Complex, Trans-North China Orogen, Acta Geologica Sinica. 2006, 80: 844-863.

Zhang J., Zhao G., Li S.Z., Sun M., Liu S.W., Wilde S.A., Xia X. and He Y., U-Pb Zircon Dating on the Granitic Conglomerates of the Hutuo Group: Affinities to the Wutai Granitoids and Significance on the Tectonic Evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen, Acta Geologica Sinica. 2006, 80: 886-898.

Zhang J., Zhao G., Li S.Z., Sun M., Liu S.W., Xia X. and He Y., U–Pb zircon dating on the granitic conglomerates of the Hutuo Group: Affinities to the Wutai Granitoids and significance on the tectonic evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen, The 16th Annual Goldschmidt Conference, Melbourne. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 2006, v. 70 (18): p. A734.

Zhao G., Sun M., Xia X., Zhang J. and He Y., SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology of the Huai’an Complex: constraints on late Archean to Paleoproterozoic custal accretion and collision of the Trans-North China Orogen., The 16th Annual Goldschmidt Conference, Melbourne. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 70 (18), p. A740. 2006.

Zhao G., Liu S.W., Sun M., Li S.Z., Wilde S.A., Xia X., Zhang J. and He Y., What happened in the Trans-North China Orogen in the period 2560-1850 Ma?, Acta Geologica Sinica. 2006, 80: 790-806.

Researcher : He Y

List of Research Outputs

Zhao G., Liu S.W., Sun M., Li S.Z., Wilde S.A., Xia X., Zhang J. and He Y., What happened in the Trans-North China Orogen in the period 2560-1850 Ma?, Acta Geologica Sinica. 2006, 80: 790-806.

Researcher : Huang G

List of Research Outputs

Yang S., Yim W.W.S. and Huang G., Geochemical compositions in the northern South China Sea continental shelf: implication for postglacial paleoeenvironmental changes, In: Collins, L. & Stevens, A. , Abstracts, International field meeting on Sub-aerially exposed continental shelves since the Middle Pleistocene climatic transition. Perth, Curtin University of Technology, 2006, 41-42.

Yim W.W.S. and Huang G., Reconstruction of an 8,000-year record of typhoons in the Pearl River Estuary, China, Proceedings International Conference on Climate Change. Hong Kong, HKIE, 2007, 123 and CD.

Yim W.W.S., Huang G. and Switzer A.D., T-L and OSL dating of drowned terrestrial sediments on continental shelves: a frontier for research?, Abstracts 1st Asia-Pacific Conference on Luminescence Dating. Hong Kong, The University of Hong Kong, 2006, 58.

Researcher : Jiao JJJ

Project Title:	Modification of regional groundwater regimes by large-scale land reclamation
Investigator(s):	Jiao JJJ
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	12/2002

Abstract:

The project attempts to investigate systematically the impact of reclamation on groundwater regimes by conducting extensive field geological survey, in-situ and laboratory testing, and comprehensive numerical modelling.

Project Title:	Impact of deep foundations in extensively urbanized area on coastal groundwater regimes
Investigator(s):	Jiao JJJ
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	10/2003

Abstract:

To investigate systematically and quantitatively the modification of coastal groundwater regimes due to intensive and deep foundations by conducting theoretical and field studies.

Project Title:	Pore pressure response to rainfall in slopes of weathered igneous rock with a confined groundwater zone
Investigator(s):	Jiao JJJ
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Small Project Funding
Start Date:	11/2003

Abstract:

To investigate various abnormal piezometric responses to rainfall by considering complicated unsaturated and saturated flow in igneous slopes with a high permeability zone at the rockhead.

Project Title:	Preliminary study on chemical reactions between fill materials and marine mud in a reclaimed land
Investigator(s):	Jiao JJJ
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Small Project Funding
Start Date:	11/2004
Completion Date:	10/2006

Abstract:

To investigate the possible chemical reactions occuring in a reclaimed site and to address the environmental consequences of these reactions. The reclaimation site in Shekou, Shenzhen, which is currently being developed for construction of the Hong Kong - Shenzhen Western Corridor, will be chosen as the case study area.

Project Title:	Subsurface air flow induced by sea tides
Investigator(s):	Jiao JJJ
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	10/2005

Abstract:

The project will be divided into several subtasks to investigate systematically and quantitatively the phenomenon of air flow driven by water table fluctuation induced by sea tides: 1) Literature review of existing publications on subsurface air flow induced by natural forcings such as atmospheric or barometric pressure changes, water table fluctuations, topographic effects, and rainfall infiltration. 2) Hypothetical models and theoretical studies to examine some fundamental issues related to airflow induced by tidal fluctuations such as enhancement of rainfall infiltration by tide-driven airflow. 3) A field case study on tide-induced airflow in a coastal area such as the Hong Kong Airport or another site of typical geological profile. 4) Investigation of possible environmental and engineering implications of air flow in unsaturated zones in coastal areas.

Project Title:	Submarine groundwater discharge in Tolo Harbour and its possible ecological influence
Investigator(s):	Jiao JJJ, Leung JKC, Gu J
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	09/2006

Abstract:

(1) Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is defined here as all direct discharge of groundwater across the ocean–land interface, including recirculated seawater due to tidal fluctuations and other forcings. The coastal areas are one of the most valuable and vulnerable of Earth's habitats. Because coastal areas are the ultimate discharge zones of groundwater, SGD into the coastal zone has received increased attention in the last few years. SGD is now believed to represent an important pathway for fluid and chemical transport between land and ocean, although it remains a poorly understood phenomenon (Kim and Hwang 2002). The influence of SGD on the environment and the ecology of coastal systems may be more important than previously thought because of the many nutrients and contaminants carried in groundwater. (2) SGD may be particularly important in the China Sea where the surface water input is progressively decreasing due to dam construction on major rivers and extensive river water consumption due to rapid economic growth. The Southeast China Sea has suffered severely from HAB, especially in recent years. Nutrient input directly from river runoff and sewage is recognized a key factor responsible for HAB, but input from SGD into the coastal systems of the China Sea and its impact on HAB have been largely ignored. An important aspect of nutrient input via SGD is the possible difference in N/P ratios supplied by this route compared to surface runoff. The N/P ratio may control the type of organisms that are successful in the coastal water. None of the previous studies in Hong Kong have investigated the role of temporal variations in groundwater quality in the occurrence of HAB. (3) The objective of this project is to investigate systematically and quantitatively the phenomenon of SGD and its environmental and ecological implications with a case study in Tolo Harbour. Specifically, we aim to study: 1) the quality and quantity of SGD and its temporal and spatial variations and 2) possible relationships between SGD and marine water quality and HAB. The project will be carried out by an interdisciplinary research team consisting of hydrogeologist, marine geochemist, ecologist, and radioisotope physicist. (4) Tolo Harbour is selected for this study for the following reasons: 1) it is a site of long-term monitoring of marine water quality, groundwater level and red tides; 2) it has a well-defined catchment of manageable size with relatively large groundwater discharge; 3) there is an abundance of existing geological and hydrogeological data for the area; 4) Various radiochemical and hydrological methods can be applied to estimate SGD in the single harbour and cross checked; 5) SGD is believed to have potential ecological implication such as formation of HAB; 6) We have carried some preliminary investigations and believe that it is an ideal site for our study. (5) The project will be divided into several subtasks: 1) Collection and compilation of existing geological, hydrogeological and chemical data; 2) Field hydrogeological studies accompanied by a one-year program of groundwater and seawater chemical monitoring. The main nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon and micronutrients such as copper, zinc, chromium, iron, and manganese will be analysed and monitored; 3) Estimation of SGD by radium and radon isotope analysis, installation of seepage meters, and hydrological and hydrogeological methods including 3D density-dependent flow with solute transport modeling; SGD estimated from different approaches will be compared and cross-checked carefully since different approaches may estimate different components of SGD. 4) Statistical analysis of time series of seawater quality and groundwater level; 5) Examination of the environmental and ecological roles of SGD in coastal processes such as eutrophication and associated HAB. (6) This project will be the first of its kind in the Southeast China Sea and will provide valuable quantitative information for evaluation of SGD, allowing us to develop a deeper understanding of the interactions between coastal seawater and groundwater via SGD. It will also provide methodology and insight for predicting and evaluating SGD in coastal systems. The findings from this project, which will be published in international journals, will have not only theoretical interest but will be of practical benefit for sustainable use and development of coastal ecosystems in Hong Kong and elsewhere.

List of Research Outputs

Chen K., Jiao J.J.J., Huang J.J. and Huang R.Q., Multivariate statistical evaluation of trace elements in groundwater in a coastal area in Shenzhen, China , ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION . 2007, 147 (3): 771-780.

Guo H. and Jiao J.J.J., Analytical solutions for the impact of land reclamation on groundwater flow and seawater-terrestrial groundwater interface in a coastal hillside,, Ground Water . 2006, 45(3): 363-367.

Jiao J.J.J., Airflow induced by pumping in two-layered aquifer system, International Groundwater Forum, June 22-23, 2007, Nanjing, China . 2007.

Jiao J.J.J., Confined groundwater zone and slope instability in weathered igneous rocks in Hong Kong, International Forum on Landslide, Landslide Research Centre, University of Seoul, Korea May 9, 2007. 2007.

Jiao J.J.J., Groundwater pollution in Chinese mainland, Eco Expo Asia - International Trade Fair on Environmental Protection, 27-30 October, Asia World-Expo, Hong Kong , 2006.

Jiao J.J.J., Hydrogeology Journal. International Association of Hydrogeologists, 2007.

Jiao J.J.J., Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology (in Chinese). China Institute for Geo-Environmental Monitoring, 2007.

Jiao J.J.J., Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. University of Tarbiat Modares, 2007.

Leung C.M. and Jiao J.J.J., Use of strontium isotopes to identify buried water main leakage into groundwater in a highly urbanized coastal area , ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. 2006, 40 (21): 6575-6579.

Qin S.Q., Jiao J.J.J., Tang C.A. and Li Z.G., Instability Leading to Coal Bumps and Nonlinear Evolutionary Mechanisms for Coal-pillar-and-roof System, International Journal of Solids and Structures. 2006, 43: 7407-7423.

Researcher : Lee JT

List of Research Outputs

Lee J.T., Li S.H. and Aitchison J.C., OSL Dating of Paleoshorelines at Lagkor Tso Lake, Western Tibet, First Asia-Pacific Conference on Luminescence Dating, Hong Kong, 2006.

Researcher : Lee T

List of Research Outputs

Lee T., Li S.H. and Aitchison J.C., Evolution of a hypersaline lake: Lagkor Tso, western Tibet, 22nd Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet workshop. Hong Kong, 2007, 54.

Researcher : Leung CM

List of Research Outputs

Leung C.M. and Jiao J.J.J., Use of strontium isotopes to identify buried water main leakage into groundwater in a highly urbanized coastal area , ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. 2006, 40 (21): 6575-6579.

Researcher : Li B

List of Research Outputs

Li B., A note on estimating the error when subtracting background counts from weak OSL signals, Ancient TL. 2007, 25: 9-14.

Li B. and Li S.H., Correcting for thermal transfer in OSL measurements of young sediment samples, Radiation Measurements. 2006, 41: 855-861.

Li B., Li S.H., Wintle A.G. and Zhao H., Isocron Dating of sediments using K-feldspar grains, First Asia-pacific Conference On Luminescence Dating, 2006, 30. 2006.

Li B., Li S.H. and Wintle A.G., Observations of thermal transfer and the slow component of OSL signals from quartz, Radiation Measurements. United kindom, 2006, 41: 639-648.

Li B. and Li S.H., Overcoming Changes In Environmental Dose Rate, First Asia-pacific Conference On Luminescence Dating. 2006.

Li S.H., Chen Y., Li B., Sun J.M. and Yang L.R., OSL dating of sediments from deserts in northern China, Quaternary Geochronology. 2007, 2: 23-28.

Sun J.M., Li S.H., Muhs D.R. and Li B., Loess sedimentation in Tibet: provenance, processes, and link with Quaternary glaciations, Quaternary Science Reviews. 2007, 26: 2265-2280.

Researcher : Li B

List of Research Outputs

Li B., A note on estimating the error when subtracting background counts from weak OSL signals, Ancient TL. 2007, 25: 9-14.

Li B. and Li S.H., Correcting for thermal transfer in OSL measurements of young sediment samples, Radiation Measurements. 2006, 41: 855-861.

Li B., Li S.H., Wintle A.G. and Zhao H., Isocron Dating of sediments using K-feldspar grains, First Asia-pacific Conference On Luminescence Dating, 2006, 30. 2006.

Li B., Li S.H. and Wintle A.G., Observations of thermal transfer and the slow component of OSL signals from quartz, Radiation Measurements. United kindom, 2006, 41: 639-648.

Li B. and Li S.H., Overcoming Changes In Environmental Dose Rate, First Asia-pacific Conference On Luminescence Dating. 2006.

Li S.H., Chen Y., Li B., Sun J.M. and Yang L.R., OSL dating of sediments from deserts in northern China, Quaternary Geochronology. 2007, 2: 23-28.

Sun J.M., Li S.H., Muhs D.R. and Li B., Loess sedimentation in Tibet: provenance, processes, and link with Quaternary glaciations, Quaternary Science Reviews. 2007, 26: 2265-2280.

Researcher : Li S

List of Research Outputs

Li S., Kusky T.M., Zhao G., Wu F., Liu J.Z., Wang L. and Sun M., Mesozoic tectonics in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton: implications for subduction of the Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian plate. In: Zhai, M.G., Windley, B.F., Kusky, T.M., Meng, Q.R. (Eds), Mesozoic Sub-Continental Lithospheric Thinning under Eastern Asia, Geological Society of London Special Publication. 2007, 280: 171-188.

Zhang J., Zhao G., Li S., Sun M. and Liu S., Structural Geology of the Fuping Complex: Constraints on the Tectonic Evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen, Eos Trans. AGU, West. Pac. Geophys. Meet. Suppl., Abstract. 2006, 87(36).

Researcher : Li SH

Project Title:	OSL chronological studies of late quaternary sediments from south edge of Mu Us Desert in China
Investigator(s):	Li SH
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	09/2002

Abstract:

This project attempts to provide high-resolution chronological evidence to the environmental changes of late Quaternary in the region by using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL).

Project Title:	Optical dating of Holocene deposits in sandy lands from Inter-Mongolia China
Investigator(s):	Li SH
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	02/2004

Abstract:

To date late Quaternary desert deposits for providing direct chronological evidence on climate changes and human occupations; to identify the relative significance of climate changes ro human impacts on desert development during the Holocene in China; to date samples from archaeological sites and ancient desert deposit in order to obtain clues on the relationship between immigration, urban development and desert expansion.

Project Title:	Optical dating of fossil homo sapiens sites in northern China
Investigator(s):	Li SH
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	01/2006

Abstract:

This project aims to establish a chronology for key Homo sapiens sites in China with advanced optical dating techniques.

Project Title:	OSL chronological studies of late quaternary sediments from Gurbantunggut Desert in Northwestern China
Investigator(s):	Li SH
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	12/2006

Abstract:

(1) The primary objective is to date sediments from Gurbantunggut Desert to provide a chronological framework for the study of paleoenvironmental change in this remote and little-studied area. Alternations of relatively coarse sands, fine sand and sand with high clay content have been reported in Gurbantunggut Desert and it has been suggested that they span the last 150 thousand years. In the southern part of the desert, Holocene paleosols had developed on the top of sections; however, because there is a lack of uncontaminated organic material found within the aeolian deposits for use in a radiocarbon dating study, the chronological framework is poor. Within this project, these sandy deposits will be dated with optically stimulated luminescence dating techniques to provide direct chronological evidence; high-resolution sampling may produce centennial scale information on aeolian activity in this region over tens of thousands of years. (2) The second objective is to study the recent migration of dunes. Understanding recent dune migration is critically important to the success of desertification hazard-prevention projects and environmental conservation in an ecologically-fragile area. The use of a combined study using ground penetrating radar (GPR) and optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating will provide information of 4-dimensions (space and time) on recent dune movement in Gurbantunggut Desert. This will be the first time that both techniques have been applied in Chinese desert areas. Recent migration of dunes might be caused by recent cultivation and immigration to the region, activities which have happened only in the last few centuries. (3) The third objective is to reconstruct the paleoenvironment of the region, and identify the similarities and differences of paleoclimate changes in Gurbantunggut desert compared with other deserts in China. The current climate in Gurbantunggut is significantly different from other Chinese deserts. Annual precipitation is only about 100-200 mm, which is significantly lower than other stabilised or semi-stabilised deserts in eastern China. This project will provide a direct comparison with other deserts, e.g. Hulun Buir desert, which have previously been the subject of OSL dating studies. (4) This study will provide direct and detailed chronological evidence for sections from a late Quaternary sequence from an area that is sensitive to climatic change. Information on the direction, timing and sand volume will be provided for dunes that have moved recently. This will be useful in forming strategies and policies on environmental conservation and immigration in an ecologically-fragile part of China.

List of Research Outputs

Lee J.T., Li S.H. and Aitchison J.C., OSL Dating of Paleoshorelines at Lagkor Tso Lake, Western Tibet, First Asia-Pacific Conference on Luminescence Dating, Hong Kong, 2006.

Lee T., Li S.H. and Aitchison J.C., Evolution of a hypersaline lake: Lagkor Tso, western Tibet, 22nd Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet workshop. Hong Kong, 2007, 54.

Li B. and Li S.H., Correcting for thermal transfer in OSL measurements of young sediment samples, Radiation Measurements. 2006, 41: 855-861.

Li B., Li S.H., Wintle A.G. and Zhao H., Isocron Dating of sediments using K-feldspar grains, First Asia-pacific Conference On Luminescence Dating, 2006, 30. 2006.

Li B., Li S.H. and Wintle A.G., Observations of thermal transfer and the slow component of OSL signals from quartz, Radiation Measurements. United kindom, 2006, 41: 639-648.

Li B. and Li S.H., Overcoming Changes In Environmental Dose Rate, First Asia-pacific Conference On Luminescence Dating. 2006.

Li S.H., Ancient TL. 2006.

Li S.H., Chinese Science Bulletin (associate editor). 2007.

Li S.H., Chen Y., Li B., Sun J.M. and Yang L.R., OSL dating of sediments from deserts in northern China, Quaternary Geochronology. 2007, 2: 23-28.

Li S.H., Optical dating of Holocene dunes and soils from deserts in northern China , INQUA Workgroup on Rapid Climatic Changes in the Central-Asia’s Dry land (RACHAD), Lanzhou, China. 2006.

Li S.H. and Chen Y., Osl Sensitivity Changes Of Quartz From Different Rocks, UK Luminescence and ESR Dating Research Meeting, Liverpool, 2006.

Li S.H. and Chen Y., Osl Sensitivity Of Quartz From Different Rocks, First Asia-pacific Conference On Luminescence Dating 2006, 28. 2006.

Sun J.M., Li S.H., Muhs D.R. and Li B., Loess sedimentation in Tibet: provenance, processes, and link with Quaternary glaciations, Quaternary Science Reviews. 2007, 26: 2265-2280.

Researcher : Li X

List of Research Outputs

Yuan C., Sun M., Xiao W., Li X., Lin S., Xia X., Long X. and Cai K., Paleozoic Accretion of Chinese Altai: Geochronological Constraints From Granitoids, American Geophysical Union, 87(36), Western Pacific Geophysical. Meeting Suppl., 2006 CD ROM. 2006.

Researcher : Liu S

List of Research Outputs

Liu S., Zhao G., Wilde S.A., Sun M. and Shu G.M., Th-U-Pb Monazite Geochronology of the Lüiang and Wutai Complexes: Constraints on the Tectonothermal Evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen , Eos Trans. AGU, West. Pac. Geophys. Meet. Suppl., Abstract. 2006, 87(36).

Zhang J., Zhao G., Li S., Sun M. and Liu S., Structural Geology of the Fuping Complex: Constraints on the Tectonic Evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen, Eos Trans. AGU, West. Pac. Geophys. Meet. Suppl., Abstract. 2006, 87(36).

Researcher : Long X

List of Research Outputs

Sun M., Yuan C., Xiao W., Long X., Xia X., Han C. and Lin S., Granitic gneisses and gneissic granites from the Central Terrane of the Chinese Altai Orogen: zircon ages and tectonic significance, American Geophysical Union, 87(36), Western Pacific Geophysical. Meeting . 2006.

Yuan C., Sun M., Xiao W., Li X., Lin S., Xia X., Long X. and Cai K., Paleozoic Accretion of Chinese Altai: Geochronological Constraints From Granitoids, American Geophysical Union, 87(36), Western Pacific Geophysical. Meeting Suppl., 2006 CD ROM. 2006.

Researcher : Luo Y

List of Research Outputs

Luo Y., Sun M., Zhao G., Li S.Z. and Xia X., LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Yushulazi Group in the Eastern Block, North China Craton, International Geology Review. 2006, 48: 828-840.

Xia X., Sun M., Zhao G., Wu F., Xu P., Zhang J. and Luo Y., Detrital Zircon Hf and Whole Rock Sr-Nd Isotope Study of the Khondalites from the Jining Complex, Western Block of the North China Craton: Implication for Paleoproterozoic Crustal Growth, American Geophysical Union, 87(36), Western Pacific Geophysical. Meeting . 2006.

Xia X., Sun M., Zhao G., Wu F., Xu P., Zhang J. and Luo Y., Detrital Zircon Hf and Whole Rock Sr-Nd Isotope Study of the Khondalites from the Jining Complex, Western Block of the North China Craton: Implication for Paleoproterozoic Crustal Growth, Eos Trans. AGU, West. Pac. Geophys. Meet. Suppl., Abstract. 2006, 87(36).

Researcher : Luo Y

List of Research Outputs

Xia X., Sun M., Zhao G., Wu F., Xu P., Zhang J. and Luo Y., Detrital Zircon Hf and Whole Rock Sr-Nd Isotope Study of the Khondalites from the Jining Complex, Western Block of the North China Craton: Implication for Paleoproterozoic Crustal Growth, Eos Trans. AGU, West. Pac. Geophys. Meet. Suppl., Abstract. 2006, 87(36).

Researcher : Malpas JG

Project Title:	Separation, identification and mineral structure of Ultra high pressure minerals from the Luobusa ophiolite, Tibet
Investigator(s):	Malpas JG
Department:	V-C's Office
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	01/2006

Abstract:

The Luobusa ophiolite of Tibet appears to contain ultra high pressure minerals which may provide a window into mantle chemistry and structure. We wish to separate these minerals and determine their structures and compositions in great detail in order to determine their conditions of formation. This seed grant is applied for in order to obtain as far as possible a complete collection of UHP and other heavy minerals from the chromitite ores of the ophiolite and the surrounding mantle rocks. Subsequently, we will ascertain whether the minerals also occur in the harzburgitic country rocks as well as in the chromitites in which they have been found to date. This will allow us to test several different models that are envisaged for the formation and capture of the UHP minerals. Finally we will use the mineral properties to provide an overall picture of mantle structure from below the Transition Zone to shallow sub-crustal levels and therefore test models of deep lithosphere subduction and mantle convection.

Project Title:	Geological, petrological and geochemical studies of basaltic volcanism in NW Syria
Investigator(s):	Malpas JG
Department:	V-C's Office
Source(s) of Funding:	Small Project Funding
Start Date:	01/2007

Abstract:

The Dead Sea Fault System (DSFS) in the western Middle East (Jordan-Israel-Lebanon-Syria-Turkey) is a prime example of a continental transform fault system, marking the juxtaposition of two lithospheric plates. However, it is of particular interest because of its complexity, length, and the occurrence of long lived volcanism on both sides of the fault, unlike other examples such as the San Andreas Fault of California. Why does this volcanism occur and what are the sources of the volcanic rocks? Although there have been a number of studies undertaken, particularly geophysical, geochronological and structural analyses, the geology of the northern segment of the DSFS, especially in terms of petrology and geochemistry of the volcanic rocks, is little understood. In this area, the northwest margin of Arabia, the suture between Arabia and Eurasia is one of the most tectonically active zones in the world, with convergence ongoing at a rate of approximately 18+ 2mm/year in a NNW direction. Extensive alkaline intraplate magmatism of two ages, Mesozoic and Late Cenozoic, has been identified in the region. The Cenozoic magmatism appears to be associated with bends in the DSFS, i.e. perhaps contiguous with transtensional structures and may in fact be of two phases possibly associated with the staggered opening of the Red Sea and the northward propagation of the fault system, firstly in pre-Miocene/Early Miocene time and later in post-Miocene time. One interesting feature is that the total post-Miocene slip in the northern segment of the DSFS is reported as less than 25km, far less than the 45-60 km measured in the south. A possible interpretation is that the folding and thrusting events in the Palmyride Fold Zone in central Syria have accommodated the extra 25-odd km, the resulting structures of which are essential to the accumulation of petroleum resources. The cause of the magmatism is itself debatable. One reason could be that it is related to the rifting of the Red Sea (a slab-pull hypothesis), which presumably started in the south. Another could be that there is mantle plume activity in the area, with the plume head located somewhat to the south, but magmatic activity extending far north along a “leaky” fault zone, and concentrated by transtensional sections of the system . Indeed, to the south, isotopic signatures of the volcanic rocks support plume activity, but such data are not yet available for the rocks to the north of the system. If plume activity is the reason for volcanism, then the questions are, “was (is) this a single long-lived plume or two separate events”, and “is this the same plume as that operating far south in the Afar region or another plume altogether”? Within the Syrian border, carbonates have been recorded either in outcrop or in well logs throughout most of the geological past, indicating that NW Syria has repeatedly shifted between shallow and deep sea environments since the breakup of Gondwana and the opening of Paleo-Tethys, although for the past 100 Ma has steadily shifted from deep sea to continental margin environments, as evidenced by the intercalation of Mesozoic basalts with deep water pelagic limestones, and the eruption of Late Cenozoic basalts on top of shallow water limestones. This change in eruptive environment probably occurred because of tectonic events and isostatic rebound resulting from lithosphere shortening and thickening on collision, as observed in the comprehensive folding and faulting of rocks of the Arabian continental margin. The question then is “have all the basalts been derived in a similar fashion from Late Mesozoic to Recent”? The overall objective of this research project therefore is to build on the preliminary field work using laboratory studies to reveal the petrogenesis of the basalts and their associated nodules. Major emphasis will be placed on the origin of the Pliocene-Holocene basalts and their inclusions, and the Late Mesozoic basalts will be examined for comparison and to examine changes in the nature of volcanism throughout the history of the DSFS. Through a study of the ultramafic inclusions found in the basalts it should be possible to disclose the evolution of the upper mantle (changes in source regions) from the Late Mesozoic to the Late Cenozoic. The problems addressed by this research project are: • the genesis of basaltic rocks along this continental transform fault system • the tectonic evolution of this part of the Eastern Mediterranean in Late Cenozoic time • the condition of the upper mantle in the NW corner of the Arabian lithosphere plate in Late Cenozoic time • the geological evolution of the region from Late Mesozoic to Late Cenozoic, particularly the staged (?) motion along the DSFS

List of Research Outputs

Whattam S.A., Malpas J.G., Smith I.E.M. and Ali J.R., Link between SSZ ophiolite formation, emplacement and arc inception, Northland, New Zealand: U-Pb SHRIMP constraints; Cenozoic SW Pacific tectonic implications., Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2006, 250: 606–632.

Researcher : Marquez EJ

List of Research Outputs

Marquez E.J., Aitchison J.C. and Zamoras L.R., Upper Permian to Middle Jurassic radiolarian assemblages of Busuanga and surrounding islands, Palawan, Philippines, Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae . 2006, 99 Supp 1: S101-S125.

Researcher : McDermid IRC

List of Research Outputs

Aitchison J.C., McDermid I.R.C., Ali J.R. and Davis A.M., Shoshonites in southern Tibet record Late Jurassic rifting of a Tethyan intra-oceanic island arc., Jour. Geology. 2007, 115: 197–213.

Aitchison J.C., McDermid I.R.C., Ali J.R., Davis A.M. and Zyabrev S.V., Shoshonites in southern Tibet record Late Jurassic rifting of a Tethyan intra-oceanic island arc, Journal of Geology . 2007, 115: 197-213.

Researcher : McDermid IRC

List of Research Outputs

Aitchison J.C., McDermid I.R.C., Ali J.R. and Davis A.M., Shoshonites in southern Tibet record Late Jurassic rifting of a Tethyan intra-oceanic island arc., Jour. Geology. 2007, 115: 197–213.

Researcher : Milsom J

List of Research Outputs

Milsom J., Ali J.R. and Queano K.L., Peculiar geometry of northern Luzon, Philippines: implications for regional tectonics of new gravity and paleomagnetic data., Tectonics . 2006, 25: TC4017.

Queano K.L., Ali J.R., Milsom J., Aitchison J.C. and Pubellier M.F., North Luzon and the Philippine Sea Plate motion model: Insights following paleomagnetic, structural, and age-dating investigations, Journal of Geophysical Research, Solid Earth. USA, AGU, 2007, 112: doi: 10.1029/2006JB004506.

Queano K.L., Ali J.R., Milsom J., Aitchison J.C. and Pubellier M.F., North Luzon and the Philippine Sea Plate motion model: insights following paleomagnetic, structural and age-dating investigations. Art. No. B05101.112B, , Jour. Geophys. Res. . 2007, 112B: B05101.

Researcher : Peng T

List of Research Outputs

Wang Y.J., Zhao G., Fan W.M., Peng T., Sun L.H. and Xia X., LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon geochronology and geochemistry of Paleoproterozoic mafic dikes from western Shandong Province: Implications for back-arc basin magmatism in the Eastern North China Craton, Precambrian Research. 2007, 154: 107-124.

Researcher : Pubellier MF

List of Research Outputs

Queano K.L., Ali J.R., Milsom J., Aitchison J.C. and Pubellier M.F., North Luzon and the Philippine Sea Plate motion model: Insights following paleomagnetic, structural, and age-dating investigations, Journal of Geophysical Research, Solid Earth. USA, AGU, 2007, 112: doi: 10.1029/2006JB004506.

Queano K.L., Ali J.R., Milsom J., Aitchison J.C. and Pubellier M.F., North Luzon and the Philippine Sea Plate motion model: insights following paleomagnetic, structural and age-dating investigations. Art. No. B05101.112B, , Jour. Geophys. Res. . 2007, 112B: B05101.

Researcher : Queano KL

List of Research Outputs

Milsom J., Ali J.R. and Queano K.L., Peculiar geometry of northern Luzon, Philippines: implications for regional tectonics of new gravity and paleomagnetic data., Tectonics . 2006, 25: TC4017.

Queano K.L., Ali J.R., Milsom J., Aitchison J.C. and Pubellier M.F., North Luzon and the Philippine Sea Plate motion model: Insights following paleomagnetic, structural, and age-dating investigations, Journal of Geophysical Research, Solid Earth. USA, AGU, 2007, 112: doi: 10.1029/2006JB004506.

Queano K.L., Ali J.R., Milsom J., Aitchison J.C. and Pubellier M.F., North Luzon and the Philippine Sea Plate motion model: insights following paleomagnetic, structural and age-dating investigations. Art. No. B05101.112B, , Jour. Geophys. Res. . 2007, 112B: B05101.

Researcher : Queano KL

List of Research Outputs

Milsom J., Ali J.R. and Queano K.L., Peculiar geometry of northern Luzon, Philippines: implications for regional tectonics of new gravity and paleomagnetic data., Tectonics . 2006, 25: TC4017.

Researcher : Robinson PT

List of Research Outputs

Zheng J.P., Sun M., Zhao G., Robinson P.T. and Wang F.Z., Elemental and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic geochemistry of Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks beneath the Junggar basin, NW China: Implications for the formation and evolution of the basin basement, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 2007, 29: 778-794.

Researcher : Shellnutt JG

List of Research Outputs

Shellnutt J.G. and Zhou M.F., Rifting-related, Permian ferrosyenites in the Panxi region of the Emeishan large igneous province, SW China, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70. 2006, 579.

Researcher : Shen W

List of Research Outputs

Chan L.S., Tang L.K.D., Shen W. and Pubellier M., Detachment faulting in Tsing Shan Area: structural geological model for Western New Territories of Hong Kong, Conference on Geology of Pearl River Mouth Area, 23-24 November, 2006. 28.

Chan M.K., Shen W. and Chan L.S., Gravity anomaly and crustal structure of the ongmenshan Mountains, Abstract Volume, 22nd Himalaya Karakoram Tibet Workshop, Hong Kong 22-25 May, 2007. . 2007.

Shen W., Tang L.K.D., Chan L.S. and Pubellier M., Post-orogenic extensions in the Pearl River Delta Region (South China): implications form morphotectonic structures, field geology and paleostress inversion, Conference on Geology of Pearl River Mouth Area, 23-24 November, 2006, Guangzhou. 2006, 33.

Researcher : Smith IEM

List of Research Outputs

Whattam S.A., Malpas J.G., Smith I.E.M. and Ali J.R., Link between SSZ ophiolite formation, emplacement and arc inception, Northland, New Zealand: U-Pb SHRIMP constraints; Cenozoic SW Pacific tectonic implications., Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2006, 250: 606–632.

Researcher : Sun M

Project Title:	Petrogenesis and precise geochronology of the Fuping-Wutai-Hengshan metamorphic complexes
Investigator(s):	Sun M
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Matching Fund for NSFC Young Researcher Award
Start Date:	04/2001

Abstract:

To study petrogenesis and precise geochronology of the Fuping-Wutai-Hengshan metamorphic complexes.

Project Title:	LA-ICP-MS study of detrital zircons from the Liaohe Group in the North China Craton
Investigator(s):	Sun M
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Small Project Funding
Start Date:	11/2003

Abstract:

The Liaohe Group is a major Paleoproterozoic lithostratigraphic unit in the eastern part of the North China Craton and is crucial in understanding the Paleoproterozoic evolution of the craton, but its protolith and depositional ages have not been well defined. This project aims to apply a Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) machine, housed at the University of Hong Kong, to determine the protolith and maximum depositional ages of the Liaohe Group.

Project Title:	LA-ICP-MS study of detrital zircons from khondalites in the Sino-Korean Craton
Investigator(s):	Sun M, Zhao G
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	12/2003

Abstract:

To further develop the technology of spot U-Pb isotope analyses of zircons in the ICP-MS laboratory of the Department of Earth Sciences; to clarify the field relationships between the kohndalites and "underlying" granulite and TTG (tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite) gneisses of the Sino-Korean Craton through detailed field study; to constrain the maximum depositional age of the khondalites and to confine the age of the high-grade metamorphic event, by combining cathodoluminescence image and zircon LA-ICP-MS results; to constrain the provenance of these khondalites, i.e. from the East Block or from the West Block of the Sino-Korean Craton, through field and geochemical studies of the whole rocks and spot REE and some other trace element analyses of detrital zircons.; to investigate the differences in the khondalites from different areas, in term of depositional age, sedimentary provenance, metamorphic P-T path, and structural pattern, etc; to revise the tectonic evolutionary model for the Sino-Korean Craton.

Project Title:	An integrated field, geochemical and geochronological study of Precambrian basement rocks and Phanerozoic granitoids in the Chinese Altai
Investigator(s):	Sun M, Zhao G
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	12/2004

Abstract:

To determine the distribution and age of the old continental basement rocks in the Chinese Altai mountains; to define the age and tectonic setting of representive granitoids and some felsic volcanic rocks from the Chinese Altai; to elucidate the tectonic evolution of this important mountain range.

Project Title:	Using U-Pb and Hf isotope compositions of inherited zircon cores from granitoids to constrain the suture between the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks
Investigator(s):	Sun M, Xing G
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	01/2006

Abstract:

(1) collect samples from more than 20 granitic intrusions from Zhejiang Province, which are distributed across the Jiangshan-Shaoxing and Jiangshan-Xiangshan Fault zones; (2) analyse major and trace elements and Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic compositions for the whole rock samples, Pb isotopic compositions of feldspar separates, and analyse U-Pb and Lu-Hf compositions for zircons separated from these granitoids; and (3) elucidate the nature of the suture between the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks.

List of Research Outputs

Chen N., Wang X., Zhang H., Sun M., Li X. and Chen Q., Geochemistry and Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic compositions of granitoids from Qaidam and Oulongbuluke Micro-Blocks, NW China: constraints on basement nature and tectonic affinity., Earth Science – Journal of China University of Geosciences. 2007, 32: 7-15.

Chen N., Xia X., Li X., Sun M., Xu P., Liu X., Wang X. and Wang Q., Timing of magmatism of the gneissic-granite plutons along North Qaidam margin and implications for Precambrian crustal accretions: zircon U-Pb dating and Hf isotope evidences, 柴北缘花岗片麻岩的岩浆作用计时和前寒武纪地壳增生：锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素证据 , Acta Petrologica Sinica. 岩石学报, 2007, 23: 501-512.

He Y., Zhao G. and Sun M., Geochemical and isotopic studies on the Xiyanghe volcanics at the southern margin of the North China Craton, 2006 IAGR Annual Convention and International Conference. 2006, Hong Kong, Abstracts: p. 37-38.

He Y., Zhao G. and Sun M., Geochemistry of the Xiyanghe Group at the southern margin of the North China Craton: constraints on the Paleoproterozoic Post\-orogenic event, Eos Trans. AGU, West. Pac. Geophys. Meet. Suppl., Abstract. 2006, 87(36).

Li S., Kusky T.M., Zhao G., Wu F., Liu J.Z., Wang L. and Sun M., Mesozoic tectonics in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton: implications for subduction of the Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian plate. In: Zhai, M.G., Windley, B.F., Kusky, T.M., Meng, Q.R. (Eds), Mesozoic Sub-Continental Lithospheric Thinning under Eastern Asia, Geological Society of London Special Publication. 2007, 280: 171-188.

Li X., Chen N., Xia X., Sun M., Xu P., Wang Q. and Wang X., Constraints on timing of the early-Paleoproterozoic magmatism and crustal evolution of the Oulongbuluke microcontinent: U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope systematics of zircons from Mohe granitic pluton, 莫河花岗岩的锆石U-Pb和Lu-Hf同位素研究：柴北欧龙布鲁克微陆块始古元古代岩浆作用年龄和与地壳演化约束, Acta Petrologica Sinica. 岩石学报, 2007, 23: 513－522.

Liu S., Zhao G., Wilde S.A., Sun M. and Shu G.M., Th-U-Pb Monazite Geochronology of the Lüiang and Wutai Complexes: Constraints on the Tectonothermal Evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen , Eos Trans. AGU, West. Pac. Geophys. Meet. Suppl., Abstract. 2006, 87(36).

Liu S.W., Zhao G., Wilde S.A., Shu G.M., Sun M., Li Q.G., Tian W. and Zhang J., Th-U-Pb monazite geochronology of the Lüliang and Wutai Complexes: constraints on the tectonothermal evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen, Precambrian Research. 2006, 148: 205-225.

Luo Y., Sun M., Zhao G., Li S.Z. and Xia X., LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Yushulazi Group in the Eastern Block, North China Craton, International Geology Review. 2006, 48: 828-840.

Sun M., Editorial Borad, Acta Geoscientica Sinica. 2007.

Sun M., Yuan C., Xiao W., Long X., Xia X., Han C. and Lin S., Granitic gneisses and gneissic granites from the Central Terrane of the Chinese Altai Orogen: zircon ages and tectonic significance, American Geophysical Union, 87(36), Western Pacific Geophysical. Meeting . 2006.

Wu C.H., Sun M., Li H.M., Zhao G. and Xia X., LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon ages of the khondalites from the Wulashan and Jining high-grade terrain in northern margin of the North China Craton: constraints on sedimentary age of the khondalite, Acta Petrologica Sinica. 2006, 22: 2639-2654.

Xia X., Sun M., Zhao G., Wu F., Xu P., Zhang J. and Luo Y., Detrital Zircon Hf and Whole Rock Sr-Nd Isotope Study of the Khondalites from the Jining Complex, Western Block of the North China Craton: Implication for Paleoproterozoic Crustal Growth, American Geophysical Union, 87(36), Western Pacific Geophysical. Meeting . 2006.

Xia X., Sun M., Zhao G., Wu F., Xu P., Zhang J. and Luo Y., Detrital Zircon Hf and Whole Rock Sr-Nd Isotope Study of the Khondalites from the Jining Complex, Western Block of the North China Craton: Implication for Paleoproterozoic Crustal Growth, Eos Trans. AGU, West. Pac. Geophys. Meet. Suppl., Abstract. 2006, 87(36).

Xia X., Sun M. and Zhao G., Detrital zircon U-Pb and Hf isotope study for the khondalites in the Western Block of the North China Craton and its implication, 2006 IAGR Annual Convention and International Conference. 2006, Hong Kong, Abstracts: p. 31-32.

Xia X., Yang S., Sun M. and Zhao G., Elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic variations in sediments drilled from the Changjiang River Delta: implications for the development of the Changjiang and uplift of the Tibet Plateau, 22nd Himalaya-Karaoram-Tibet Workshop. 2007, 105.

Xia X., Sun M., Zhao G., Wu F. and Xu P., Evolution and Affinity of the Fuping Complex, centre North China Craton: constraints from detrital zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotop for the Wanzi supercrust , 华北克拉通中部阜平杂岩的演化及其构造属性：来自湾子表壳岩碎屑锆石U－Pb 年龄及Hf同位素证据, Bullition of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2007, 26: 60.

Xia X., Sun M., Zhao G., Wu F.Y., Xu P., Zhang J. and He Y., U-Pb and Hf Isotope Study of Detrital Zircons from the Wanzi Supracrustals: constraints on the tectonic setting and evolution of the Fuping Complex, Trans-North China Orogen, Acta Geologica Sinica. 2006, 80: 844-863.

Xiao W., Han C., Yuan C., Chen H., Sun M., Lin S., Li Z., Mao Q., Zhang J. and Sun S., The unique Carboniferous-Permian tectonic-metallogenic framenwork of Northern Xinjiang (NW China): constraints for the tectonics of the southern Paleoasian Domain., Acta Petrologica Sinica. 2006, 22: 1062-1076.

Yan D., Zhou M.F., Song H.L., Wang G.H. and Sun M., Descussion on Mesozoic extensional structures of the Fangshan tectonic dome and their subsequent reworking during collisional accretion of the North China Block -reply., Journal of Geological Society, London,. 2006, 163: 1052-1055.

Yang S., Jiang S., Lin H., Xia X., Sun M. and Wang D., Sr-Nd isotope conmpositions of the Changjiang river sediments and tracing provenance, 长江河流沉积物Sr－Nd同位素组成与物源示踪, Science in China Series D Earth Sciences. 中国科学 D辑地球科学, 2007, 37: 682－690.

Yuan C., Sun M., Xiao W., Li X., Lin S., Xia X., Long X. and Cai K., Paleozoic Accretion of Chinese Altai: Geochronological Constraints From Granitoids, American Geophysical Union, 87(36), Western Pacific Geophysical. Meeting Suppl., 2006 CD ROM. 2006.

Zhang J., Zhao G., Li S.Z., Sun M., Liu S.W., Wilde S.A., Kroner A. and Yin C., Deformation history of the Hengshan Complex: implications for the tectonic evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen, Journal of Structural Geology. 2007, 29: 933-949.

Zhang J., Zhao G., Li S.Z., Sun M., Liu S.W. and Yin C., New U-Th-Pb geochronological constraints on the structural evolution of the Fuping Complex: implications for the tectonic processes of the Trans-North China Orogen, 2006 IAGR Annual Convention and International Conference. 2006, Hong Kong, Abstracts: p. 59-60.

Zhang J., Zhao G., Li S., Sun M. and Liu S., Structural Geology of the Fuping Complex: Constraints on the Tectonic Evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen, Eos Trans. AGU, West. Pac. Geophys. Meet. Suppl., Abstract. 2006, 87(36).

Zhang J., Zhao G., Li S.Z., Sun M., Liu S.W., Wilde S.A., Xia X. and He Y., U-Pb Zircon Dating on the Granitic Conglomerates of the Hutuo Group: Affinities to the Wutai Granitoids and Significance on the Tectonic Evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen, Acta Geologica Sinica. 2006, 80: 886-898.

Zhang J., Zhao G., Li S.Z., Sun M., Liu S.W., Xia X. and He Y., U–Pb zircon dating on the granitic conglomerates of the Hutuo Group: Affinities to the Wutai Granitoids and significance on the tectonic evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen, The 16th Annual Goldschmidt Conference, Melbourne. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 2006, v. 70 (18): p. A734.

Zhao G., Cao L., Wilde S.A., Sun M. and Li S.Z., Implications based on the first SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating on Precambrian granitoid rocks in North Korea., Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 2006, 251: 365-379.

Zhao G., Kroner A., Wilde S.A. and Sun M., Lithotectonic elements and geological events in the Hengshan-Wutai-Fuping belt: A synthesis and implications for the evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen., 2006 IAGR Annual Convention and International Conference. 2006, Hong Kong, Abstracts: p. 57-58.

Zhao G., Sun M., Xia X., Zhang J. and He Y., SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology of the Huai’an Complex: constraints on late Archean to Paleoproterozoic custal accretion and collision of the Trans-North China Orogen., The 16th Annual Goldschmidt Conference, Melbourne. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 70 (18), p. A740. 2006.

Zhao G., Sun M., Wilde S.A., Li S.Z. and Zhang J., Some key issues in reconstructions of Proterozoic supercontinents, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 2006, 28: 3-19.

Zhao G., Wilde S.A., Li S.Z., Sun M., Grant M.L. and Li X.P., U-Pb zircon age constraints on the Dongwanzi ultramafic-mafic body, North China, confirm it is not an Archean ophiolite, Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 2007, 255: 85-93.

Zhao G., Liu S.W., Sun M., Li S.Z., Wilde S.A., Xia X., Zhang J. and He Y., What happened in the Trans-North China Orogen in the period 2560-1850 Ma?, Acta Geologica Sinica. 2006, 80: 790-806.

Zheng J.P., Sun M., Zhao G., Robinson P.T. and Wang F.Z., Elemental and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic geochemistry of Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks beneath the Junggar basin, NW China: Implications for the formation and evolution of the basin basement, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 2007, 29: 778-794.

Researcher : Sun W

List of Research Outputs

Zhou M.F., Zhao J., Xia X., Sun W. and Yan D., Comment on "Revisiting the "Yanbian Terrane": Implications for Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the western Yangtze Block, South China" [Precambrian Res. 151 (2006) 14-30]. , Precambrian Res. 2007, 155: 313－317.

Researcher : Switzer AD

Project Title:	Late-Quaternary geomorphological and geological evolution of Tai Long Wan, Sai Kung Peninsula, Hong Kong SAR, China
Investigator(s):	Switzer AD, Yim WWS, Chan LS
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Small Project Funding
Start Date:	10/2005

Abstract:

Project objectives - This study will focus on the Late-Quaternary development and typhoon overwash history identified in back barrier environments at Tai Long Wan, Sai Kung Peninsula. The relatively undisturbed nature of these embayments makes them ideal candidates for a joint study to; (1) Investigate the Quaternary evolution of this small barrier systems (2) Study and predict the response of these systems to sea level change and investigate evidence for higher Holocene sea levels (3) Investigate the geological record of overwash during large typhoons (4) Provide direct land-sea correlation between the marine records of Yim and others from Hong Kong and the terrestrial evolution of the system. Key issues: (1) The establishment of a Quaternary chronostratigraphy for the evolution of this small barrier system and compare it to archaeological dating from the area. (2) Can this system provide a key reference to typhoon activity over the last 6000 years? (3) How would this system react to possible higher future sea level due to global warming? (4) Can ground penetrating radar of this dune system provide meaningful data on the nature of typhoon modification over geological timeframes? (5) How has the morphology of the embayment changed over the last 80 years using aerial photograph interpretation since 1924 and has any noted change been the result of human activity? Problems to be addressed - (1) When and how did the barrier system at Tai Long Wan form. (2) Is a sedimentary record of large typhoons recorded in the back barrier stratigraphy of this embayment. (3) Can the ground penetrating radar tehcnique shed ligfht on the evolution of the duen system and the impact of typhoons. (4) What is the predicted response of this system to possible higher sea levels in the future.

List of Research Outputs

Chan T.O., Yim W.W.S. and Switzer A.D., Sedimentological and geochemical properties of a continuous vibrocore on the northwestern coast of Lantau Island, Hong Kong, In: Collins, L. & Stevens, A., Abstracts, International field meeting on Sub-aerially exposed continental shelves since the Middle Pleistocene climatic transition . Perth, Curtin University of Technology, 2006, 55.

Srinivasalu S., Thangadurai N., Switzer A.D., Ram Mohan V. and Ayyamperumal T., Erosion and sedimentation in Kalpakkam (N Tamil Nadu, India) from the 26th December 2004 tsunami, Marine Geology. Elsevier, 2007, 240: 65-75.

Switzer A.D., Competing mechanisms for boulder deposition on the southeast Australian coast, International Association of Geomorphologists - Regional meeting - Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. 2007.

Switzer A.D., Lessons from the past, clues for the future: What can we learn from Quaternary science? , Living in a warmer world: Climate Change and Hong Kong. 2006.

Switzer A.D., Yim W.W.S. and Aitchison J.C., Quaternary climate change: lessons from the past, clues for the future, Conference on Living in a warmer world: climate change and Hong Kong. Hong Kong, The University of Hong Kong, 2006, 1 page.

Switzer A.D., Jones B.G. and Aitchison J.C., Sedimentology and morphology of a barchan dune from Xigaze Tibet, 22nd Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet workshop. Hong Kong, 2007, 92.

Switzer A.D., Tsunami: How, when, where and why? How useful are warning systems? What about Hong Kong and how do we educate the millions. , Invited lecture to the Hong Kong Institute of Engineers. 2007.

Yim W.W.S. and Switzer A.D., Genesis and dating of drowned and partially drowned colluvial-alluvial fan deposits in the Hong Kong SAR, China, In: Giles, P., Nichols, G. & Wilford, D., Program and Abstracts Alluvial Fans 2007. Banff, Saint mary's University, 73.

Yim W.W.S., Huang G. and Switzer A.D., T-L and OSL dating of drowned terrestrial sediments on continental shelves: a frontier for research?, Abstracts 1st Asia-Pacific Conference on Luminescence Dating. Hong Kong, The University of Hong Kong, 2006, 58.

Researcher : Tang LKD

List of Research Outputs

Chan L.S., Tang L.K.D., Shen W. and Pubellier M., Detachment faulting in Tsing Shan Area: structural geological model for Western New Territories of Hong Kong, Conference on Geology of Pearl River Mouth Area, 23-24 November, 2006. 28.

Shen W., Tang L.K.D., Chan L.S. and Pubellier M., Post-orogenic extensions in the Pearl River Delta Region (South China): implications form morphotectonic structures, field geology and paleostress inversion, Conference on Geology of Pearl River Mouth Area, 23-24 November, 2006, Guangzhou. 2006, 33.

Researcher : Wang B

List of Research Outputs

Wang B., Ali J.R. and Aitchison J.C., Preliminary paleomagnetic results from the Linzizong volcanics eastrn south Tibet: regional tectonic implications, 22nd Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet workshop. Hong Kong, 2007, 98.

Researcher : Wang W

List of Research Outputs

Wang W., Aitchison J.C. and Zhou M.F., The nature and distribution of ophiolitic rocks in central Tibet, 22nd Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet workshop. Hong Kong, 2007, 103.

Researcher : Whattam SA

List of Research Outputs

Whattam S.A., Malpas J.G., Smith I.E.M. and Ali J.R., Link between SSZ ophiolite formation, emplacement and arc inception, Northland, New Zealand: U-Pb SHRIMP constraints; Cenozoic SW Pacific tectonic implications., Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2006, 250: 606–632.

Researcher : Wignall PB

List of Research Outputs

Ali J.R. and Wignall P.B., Comment on “Fusiline biotic turnover across the Guadalupian-Lopingian (Middle-Upper Permian) boundary in mid-oceanic carbonate build-ups: biostratigraphy of accreted limestone in Japan” by Ayano Ota and Yukio Isozaki. , Jour. Asian Earth Sciences. 2007, 30: 199–200.

Researcher : Wilde SA

List of Research Outputs

Liu S., Zhao G., Wilde S.A., Sun M. and Shu G.M., Th-U-Pb Monazite Geochronology of the Lüiang and Wutai Complexes: Constraints on the Tectonothermal Evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen , Eos Trans. AGU, West. Pac. Geophys. Meet. Suppl., Abstract. 2006, 87(36).

Wilde S.A., Wu F., Zhao G. and Sklyyarov E., The Status of micro-continental blocks within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt: new data from the Bureya, Jimusi and Khanka Massifs, 2006 IAGR Annual Convention and International Conference. 2006, Hong Kong, Abstracts: p. 69-70.

Researcher : Wu C

List of Research Outputs

Wu C. and Zhao G., A recalibration of the garnet-olivine geothermometer and a new geobarometer for garnet peridotites and garnet-olivine-plagioclase-bearing granulites , Journal of Metamorphic Geology. 2007, 25: 497–505.

Researcher : Wu F

List of Research Outputs

Li S., Kusky T.M., Zhao G., Wu F., Liu J.Z., Wang L. and Sun M., Mesozoic tectonics in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton: implications for subduction of the Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian plate. In: Zhai, M.G., Windley, B.F., Kusky, T.M., Meng, Q.R. (Eds), Mesozoic Sub-Continental Lithospheric Thinning under Eastern Asia, Geological Society of London Special Publication. 2007, 280: 171-188.

Wilde S.A., Wu F., Zhao G. and Sklyyarov E., The Status of micro-continental blocks within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt: new data from the Bureya, Jimusi and Khanka Massifs, 2006 IAGR Annual Convention and International Conference. 2006, Hong Kong, Abstracts: p. 69-70.

Xia X., Sun M., Zhao G., Wu F., Xu P., Zhang J. and Luo Y., Detrital Zircon Hf and Whole Rock Sr-Nd Isotope Study of the Khondalites from the Jining Complex, Western Block of the North China Craton: Implication for Paleoproterozoic Crustal Growth, American Geophysical Union, 87(36), Western Pacific Geophysical. Meeting . 2006.

Xia X., Sun M., Zhao G., Wu F., Xu P., Zhang J. and Luo Y., Detrital Zircon Hf and Whole Rock Sr-Nd Isotope Study of the Khondalites from the Jining Complex, Western Block of the North China Craton: Implication for Paleoproterozoic Crustal Growth, Eos Trans. AGU, West. Pac. Geophys. Meet. Suppl., Abstract. 2006, 87(36).

Xia X., Sun M., Zhao G., Wu F. and Xu P., Evolution and Affinity of the Fuping Complex, centre North China Craton: constraints from detrital zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotop for the Wanzi supercrust , 华北克拉通中部阜平杂岩的演化及其构造属性：来自湾子表壳岩碎屑锆石U－Pb 年龄及Hf同位素证据, Bullition of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2007, 26: 60.

Researcher : Xia X

Project Title:	U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope study of detrital zircons from the Yangtze River sands: Implications for reworking and growth of continental crust in south China
Investigator(s):	Xia X, Sun M, Aitchison JC
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Small Project Funding
Start Date:	02/2007

Abstract:

The Earth is an uniquel planet in the universe because of its continental crust, a rocky layer at its surface. Therefore, the growth history of the continental crust is an essential issue to understand the evolution of the Earth. An easy method to estimate continental growth rates is to investigate the age distribution of detrital zircons from large rivers with drainage basins that sample a large area and zircon is the most ideal mineral for isotope geochronological study since it accommodates relatively high contents of U but extremely low Pb during crystallization, and is resistant to secondary geological events. This proposed study will conduct both U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope analyses of detrital zircons from the Yangtze River sands. The objectives include: (1) to provide an overview of the age spectra of the magmatism in the source, i.e., the drainage of the Yangtze River, (2) to investigate the characteristics of each magmatic generation (juvenile vs. reworking), (3) to calculate the continental growth rate in the source region, (4) To compare the continental growth rate of Chinese continental blocks with that for the other blocks in the world in order to better understand the evolution of the Earth.

List of Research Outputs

Chen N., Xia X., Li X., Sun M., Xu P., Liu X., Wang X. and Wang Q., Timing of magmatism of the gneissic-granite plutons along North Qaidam margin and implications for Precambrian crustal accretions: zircon U-Pb dating and Hf isotope evidences, 柴北缘花岗片麻岩的岩浆作用计时和前寒武纪地壳增生：锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素证据 , Acta Petrologica Sinica. 岩石学报, 2007, 23: 501-512.

Li X., Chen N., Xia X., Sun M., Xu P., Wang Q. and Wang X., Constraints on timing of the early-Paleoproterozoic magmatism and crustal evolution of the Oulongbuluke microcontinent: U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope systematics of zircons from Mohe granitic pluton, 莫河花岗岩的锆石U-Pb和Lu-Hf同位素研究：柴北欧龙布鲁克微陆块始古元古代岩浆作用年龄和与地壳演化约束, Acta Petrologica Sinica. 岩石学报, 2007, 23: 513－522.

Luo Y., Sun M., Zhao G., Li S.Z. and Xia X., LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Yushulazi Group in the Eastern Block, North China Craton, International Geology Review. 2006, 48: 828-840.

Sun M., Yuan C., Xiao W., Long X., Xia X., Han C. and Lin S., Granitic gneisses and gneissic granites from the Central Terrane of the Chinese Altai Orogen: zircon ages and tectonic significance, American Geophysical Union, 87(36), Western Pacific Geophysical. Meeting . 2006.

Wang Y.J., Zhao G., Fan W.M., Peng T., Sun L.H. and Xia X., LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon geochronology and geochemistry of Paleoproterozoic mafic dikes from western Shandong Province: Implications for back-arc basin magmatism in the Eastern North China Craton, Precambrian Research. 2007, 154: 107-124.

Wu C.H., Sun M., Li H.M., Zhao G. and Xia X., LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon ages of the khondalites from the Wulashan and Jining high-grade terrain in northern margin of the North China Craton: constraints on sedimentary age of the khondalite, Acta Petrologica Sinica. 2006, 22: 2639-2654.

Xia X., Sun M., Zhao G., Wu F., Xu P., Zhang J. and Luo Y., Detrital Zircon Hf and Whole Rock Sr-Nd Isotope Study of the Khondalites from the Jining Complex, Western Block of the North China Craton: Implication for Paleoproterozoic Crustal Growth, American Geophysical Union, 87(36), Western Pacific Geophysical. Meeting . 2006.

Xia X., Sun M., Zhao G., Wu F., Xu P., Zhang J. and Luo Y., Detrital Zircon Hf and Whole Rock Sr-Nd Isotope Study of the Khondalites from the Jining Complex, Western Block of the North China Craton: Implication for Paleoproterozoic Crustal Growth, Eos Trans. AGU, West. Pac. Geophys. Meet. Suppl., Abstract. 2006, 87(36).

Xia X., Sun M. and Zhao G., Detrital zircon U-Pb and Hf isotope study for the khondalites in the Western Block of the North China Craton and its implication, 2006 IAGR Annual Convention and International Conference. 2006, Hong Kong, Abstracts: p. 31-32.

Xia X., Yang S., Sun M. and Zhao G., Elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic variations in sediments drilled from the Changjiang River Delta: implications for the development of the Changjiang and uplift of the Tibet Plateau, 22nd Himalaya-Karaoram-Tibet Workshop. 2007, 105.

Xia X., Sun M., Zhao G., Wu F. and Xu P., Evolution and Affinity of the Fuping Complex, centre North China Craton: constraints from detrital zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotop for the Wanzi supercrust , 华北克拉通中部阜平杂岩的演化及其构造属性：来自湾子表壳岩碎屑锆石U－Pb 年龄及Hf同位素证据, Bullition of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2007, 26: 60.

Xia X., Sun M., Zhao G., Wu F.Y., Xu P., Zhang J. and He Y., U-Pb and Hf Isotope Study of Detrital Zircons from the Wanzi Supracrustals: constraints on the tectonic setting and evolution of the Fuping Complex, Trans-North China Orogen, Acta Geologica Sinica. 2006, 80: 844-863.

Yang S., Jiang S., Lin H., Xia X., Sun M. and Wang D., Sr-Nd isotope conmpositions of the Changjiang river sediments and tracing provenance, 长江河流沉积物Sr－Nd同位素组成与物源示踪, Science in China Series D Earth Sciences. 中国科学 D辑地球科学, 2007, 37: 682－690.

Yuan C., Sun M., Xiao W., Li X., Lin S., Xia X., Long X. and Cai K., Paleozoic Accretion of Chinese Altai: Geochronological Constraints From Granitoids, American Geophysical Union, 87(36), Western Pacific Geophysical. Meeting Suppl., 2006 CD ROM. 2006.

Zhang J., Zhao G., Li S.Z., Sun M., Liu S.W., Wilde S.A., Xia X. and He Y., U-Pb Zircon Dating on the Granitic Conglomerates of the Hutuo Group: Affinities to the Wutai Granitoids and Significance on the Tectonic Evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen, Acta Geologica Sinica. 2006, 80: 886-898.

Zhang J., Zhao G., Li S.Z., Sun M., Liu S.W., Xia X. and He Y., U–Pb zircon dating on the granitic conglomerates of the Hutuo Group: Affinities to the Wutai Granitoids and significance on the tectonic evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen, The 16th Annual Goldschmidt Conference, Melbourne. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 2006, v. 70 (18): p. A734.

Zhao G., Sun M., Xia X., Zhang J. and He Y., SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology of the Huai’an Complex: constraints on late Archean to Paleoproterozoic custal accretion and collision of the Trans-North China Orogen., The 16th Annual Goldschmidt Conference, Melbourne. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 70 (18), p. A740. 2006.

Zhao G., Liu S.W., Sun M., Li S.Z., Wilde S.A., Xia X., Zhang J. and He Y., What happened in the Trans-North China Orogen in the period 2560-1850 Ma?, Acta Geologica Sinica. 2006, 80: 790-806.

Zhou M.F., Zhao J., Xia X., Sun W. and Yan D., Comment on "Revisiting the "Yanbian Terrane": Implications for Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the western Yangtze Block, South China" [Precambrian Res. 151 (2006) 14-30]. , Precambrian Res. 2007, 155: 313－317.

Researcher : Xiao W

List of Research Outputs

Sun M., Yuan C., Xiao W., Long X., Xia X., Han C. and Lin S., Granitic gneisses and gneissic granites from the Central Terrane of the Chinese Altai Orogen: zircon ages and tectonic significance, American Geophysical Union, 87(36), Western Pacific Geophysical. Meeting . 2006.

Yuan C., Sun M., Xiao W., Li X., Lin S., Xia X., Long X. and Cai K., Paleozoic Accretion of Chinese Altai: Geochronological Constraints From Granitoids, American Geophysical Union, 87(36), Western Pacific Geophysical. Meeting Suppl., 2006 CD ROM. 2006.

Researcher : Yan D

List of Research Outputs

Zhou M.F., Zhao J., Xia X., Sun W. and Yan D., Comment on "Revisiting the "Yanbian Terrane": Implications for Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the western Yangtze Block, South China" [Precambrian Res. 151 (2006) 14-30]. , Precambrian Res. 2007, 155: 313－317.

Researcher : Yang S

List of Research Outputs

Xia X., Yang S., Sun M. and Zhao G., Elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic variations in sediments drilled from the Changjiang River Delta: implications for the development of the Changjiang and uplift of the Tibet Plateau, 22nd Himalaya-Karaoram-Tibet Workshop. 2007, 105.

Yang S., Yim W.W.S. and Huang G., Geochemical compositions in the northern South China Sea continental shelf: implication for postglacial paleoeenvironmental changes, In: Collins, L. & Stevens, A. , Abstracts, International field meeting on Sub-aerially exposed continental shelves since the Middle Pleistocene climatic transition. Perth, Curtin University of Technology, 2006, 41-42.

Yang S., Jiang S., Lin H., Xia X., Sun M. and Wang D., Sr-Nd isotope conmpositions of the Changjiang river sediments and tracing provenance, 长江河流沉积物Sr－Nd同位素组成与物源示踪, Science in China Series D Earth Sciences. 中国科学 D辑地球科学, 2007, 37: 682－690.

Researcher : Yim WWS

Project Title:	Geochemistry of gases from offshore Quaternary sediments in Hong Kong
Investigator(s):
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Other Funding Scheme
Start Date:	01/1997

Abstract:

To study the geochemical composition of gases present within offshore Quaternary sediments in Hong Kong.

Project Title:	Stable isotope record of Porites coral from Hong Kong
Investigator(s):
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Other Funding Scheme
Start Date:	07/1998

Abstract:

To investigate environmental signatures in modern Porites coral from Hong Kong including coral bleaching and hypoxic episodes.

Project Title:	Carbon, hydrology and global environmental systems
Investigator(s):	Yim WWS
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Other Funding Scheme
Start Date:	11/2001

Abstract:

To study the record of environmental change, particularly from the last interglacial to the present day, three fragile systems - dry lands, kerst tonain, and the continental shelves and adjacent coasts, with special reference to their carbon budgets and palacohydrology.

Project Title:	Environmental information in the skeleton of the coral Porites sp. in Hong Kong
Investigator(s):	Yim WWS
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Small Project Funding
Start Date:	11/2002

Abstract:

To carry out a preliminary investigation on the geochemical composition of the skeleton of the coral Porites sp. which is indigenous to Hong Kong waters as a proxy of modern environmental record. Possible information to be obatined includes sea-surface temperature, rainfall, solar radiation, occurrence of red tides and hypoxia events, and, marine pollution. Instrumental meteorological and hydrological records will be used for groundtruthing.

Project Title:	Geological and geotechnical applications of the Geotek multi-sensor core logging system for studying offshore quaternary sediments in Hong Kong
Investigator(s):	Yim WWS, Chan LS, Ridley Thomas WN
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	09/2003

Abstract:

To use the newly acquired and installed Geotek multi-sensor core logging system (MSCL) costing about $1.282 million for studying geological and geotechnical properties of offshore Quaternary sediments in Hong Kong to assist palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and coastal engineering.

Project Title:	Typhoon risk prediction for Hong Kong and the Pearl River Estuary based on the reconstruction of an 8,000-year record
Investigator(s):	Yim WWS
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Small Project Funding
Start Date:	11/2003

Abstract:

To provide typhoon risk prediction based on the actual record in the Hong Kong and Pearl River Estuary region of southern China over the past 8,000 years.

Project Title:	Drowned and partially drowned relic landslide deposits on the northwestern coast of Lantau Island, Hong Kong SAR
Investigator(s):	Yim WWS, Jiao JJJ, Ridley Thomas WN
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	09/2004

Abstract:

To study the genesis of drowned and partially drowned relic landslide deposits occurring in the coastal sequences of Hong Kong; to develop an integrated land-sea stratigraphy for the landslide deposits; to demonstrate that the landslides forming the deposits are truly natural in origin. (Note - the destruction of natural vegetation through human activity is considered unnatural because of its replacement by a secondary climax vegetation.); to further test the validity of the offshore geological model of Yim (1994) summarised in Appendix 2; to examine how the results can benefit slope studies in Hong Kong and elsewhere.

Project Title:	International Workshop on 'Sub-aerially exposed continental shelves since the Middle Pleistocene climatic transition' May 9-13, 2005 at the University of Hong Kong
Investigator(s):	Yim WWS, Li SH, Chan LS
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Dr. Stephen S.F. Hui Trust Fund
Start Date:	03/2005

Abstract:

The main aim of this application is to seek partial funding for an international workshop organized by the Department of Earth Sciences to be held as one of it's 10th anniversary celebration events. The topic of the workshop is an area of research excellence of the PI recognized both nationally by the Quaternary Research Association of China and internationally by the International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA). The workshop should also serve as a part of the Department's role in international and local outreach.

Project Title:	Production and distribution of greenhouse gases in Hong Kong and East Asian continental shelf sediments since the Middle Pleistocene climatic transition
Investigator(s):	Yim WWS, Switzer AD, Ridley Thomas WN, Yang S
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	07/2006

Abstract:

(1) To use selected boreholes within the Hong Kong continental shelf to provide clues concerning the production of greenhouse gases in the past 500,000 years particularly during the little known episodes of sub-aerial exposure.(2)To identify and map areas affected by sub-surface gas on the Hong Kong continental shelf, the adjacent Pearl River mouth region and selected continental shelves in eastern Asia covered by the EGS (Asia) Limited database.(3) To apply integrated sedimentological and chronological techniques to better confine the episodes of sub-aerial exposure. (4) To examine the broader implications of the findings by comparison with regional and global data including South China Sea coral reef records, deep sea records, ice core records and speleothem records.(5) Issues/problems (a) What is the role of greenhouse gas production from sub-aerially exposed muddy continental shelves at the termination of ice ages? (b) What can be learnt from the Hong Kong continental shelf based on evidence from seismic profiles and boreholes? (c) What can be learnt from other continental shelves in eastern Asia using the unpublished surveying database of EGS (Asia) Limited? (d) Refining of the offshore geological model of Yim (1994) using sequence stratigraphy and state-of-the-art dating methods including radiocarbon, optically-stimulated luminescence (OSL), uranium-series and amino-acid racemization (AAR). (e) To test the implications of the findings using sequence stratigraphy and land-sea correlation. (6) Outcomes/significance/value The findings on greenhouse gas production from sub-aerially exposed continental shelves should generate valuable new knowledge on glacial periods and make an important contribution to the following 5 international projects: (a) The CHANGES (Carbon Hydrology ANd Global Environmental Changes) co-initiative of the International Union of Geological Sciences and the International Council of Scientific Union. The PI’s role as one of the co-managers is to lead carbon cycle research on the neglected continental shelf environment. (b) The 3-year project on ‘Sub-aerially exposed continental shelves since the Middle Pleistocene climatic transition’ submitted through the Commission on Coastal and Marine Processes and funded by the International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA) for 2005-2007. The PI is the proposer and leader. Note that the funding is entirely for annual meetings including the international workshop in Hong Kong during May 2005, a field meeting in Western Australia in August 2006 and a symposium at the 17th INQUA Congress in Cairns, Australia in July 2007. (c) International Geoscience Programme Project No. 464 ‘Continental shelves during the last glacial cycle’. This project provides a key medium for continental shelf researchers to interact. (d) Past Global Changes (PAGES) project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP). (e) Land-ocean Interaction in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) project of IGBP.

List of Research Outputs

Chan T.O., Yim W.W.S. and Switzer A.D., Sedimentological and geochemical properties of a continuous vibrocore on the northwestern coast of Lantau Island, Hong Kong, In: Collins, L. & Stevens, A., Abstracts, International field meeting on Sub-aerially exposed continental shelves since the Middle Pleistocene climatic transition . Perth, Curtin University of Technology, 2006, 55.

Switzer A.D., Yim W.W.S. and Aitchison J.C., Quaternary climate change: lessons from the past, clues for the future, Conference on Living in a warmer world: climate change and Hong Kong. Hong Kong, The University of Hong Kong, 2006, 1 page.

Yang S., Yim W.W.S. and Huang G., Geochemical compositions in the northern South China Sea continental shelf: implication for postglacial paleoeenvironmental changes, In: Collins, L. & Stevens, A. , Abstracts, International field meeting on Sub-aerially exposed continental shelves since the Middle Pleistocene climatic transition. Perth, Curtin University of Technology, 2006, 41-42.

Yim W.W.S., A circa 0.5-million year sea-level record from the northern South China Sea, In: Camoin, G., Droxler, A., Fulthorpe, C. & Miller, K., Abstracts Sea level changes: Records, processes and modeling. Geins, Association of Sedimentologists of France, 2006, 215-216.

Yim W.W.S., Climate change and human survival, Faculty of Science Newsletter. 2007.

Yim W.W.S., Distribution and temporal changes of lead in the surface seawater in the western Pacific and adjacent seas derived from coral skeleton, Environmental Pollution. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 2006, 144: 1045-1052.

Yim W.W.S., Fossils and their uses, Invited talk to 60 students at the Buddhist Kok Kwong Secondary School, Shatin. 2006.

Yim W.W.S. and Switzer A.D., Genesis and dating of drowned and partially drowned colluvial-alluvial fan deposits in the Hong Kong SAR, China, In: Giles, P., Nichols, G. & Wilford, D., Program and Abstracts Alluvial Fans 2007. Banff, Saint mary's University, 73.

Yim W.W.S., Member of Editorial Board, Quaternary International. Pergamon, 2006.

Yim W.W.S., Member of Editorial Board, Quaternary Sciences. Chinese Association for Quaternary Research, 2006.

Yim W.W.S., Pedogenesis of sub-aerially exposed continental shelves during glacial periods and the production of greenhouse gases, In: Camoin, G., Droxler, A., Fulthorpe, C. & Miller, K. , Abstracts Sea level changes: Records, processes and modeling. Geins, The Association of Sedimentologists of France, 2006, 217.

Yim W.W.S. and Huang G., Reconstruction of an 8,000-year record of typhoons in the Pearl River Estuary, China, Proceedings International Conference on Climate Change. Hong Kong, HKIE, 2007, 123 and CD.

Yim W.W.S., Sub-aerially exposed continental shelves since the Middle Pleistocene climatic transition and Antarctic ice core chemistry, 2006 AGU Fall Meeting. USA, American Geophysical Union, 2006, 87(52): U43B-0858.

Yim W.W.S., Sub-aerially exposed continental shelves since the Middle Pleistocene climatic transition and Antarctic ice core chemistry, In: Collins, L. & Stevens, A., Abstracts, International field meeting on Sub-aerially exposed continental shelves since the Middle Pleistocene climatic transition. Perth, Curtin University of technology, 2006, 43-44.

Yim W.W.S., Sustainable Earth?, Invited lecture to 600 students at the Queen Maud Secondary School, Junk Bay . 2007.

Yim W.W.S., Huang G. and Switzer A.D., T-L and OSL dating of drowned terrestrial sediments on continental shelves: a frontier for research?, Abstracts 1st Asia-Pacific Conference on Luminescence Dating. Hong Kong, The University of Hong Kong, 2006, 58.

Researcher : Yin C

List of Research Outputs

Zhang J., Zhao G., Li S.Z., Sun M., Liu S.W., Wilde S.A., Kroner A. and Yin C., Deformation history of the Hengshan Complex: implications for the tectonic evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen, Journal of Structural Geology. 2007, 29: 933-949.

Zhang J., Zhao G., Li S.Z., Sun M., Liu S.W. and Yin C., New U-Th-Pb geochronological constraints on the structural evolution of the Fuping Complex: implications for the tectonic processes of the Trans-North China Orogen, 2006 IAGR Annual Convention and International Conference. 2006, Hong Kong, Abstracts: p. 59-60.

Researcher : Yuan C

List of Research Outputs

Sun M., Yuan C., Xiao W., Long X., Xia X., Han C. and Lin S., Granitic gneisses and gneissic granites from the Central Terrane of the Chinese Altai Orogen: zircon ages and tectonic significance, American Geophysical Union, 87(36), Western Pacific Geophysical. Meeting . 2006.

Yuan C., Sun M., Xiao W., Li X., Lin S., Xia X., Long X. and Cai K., Paleozoic Accretion of Chinese Altai: Geochronological Constraints From Granitoids, American Geophysical Union, 87(36), Western Pacific Geophysical. Meeting Suppl., 2006 CD ROM. 2006.

Researcher : Zhang J

List of Research Outputs

Liu S.W., Zhao G., Wilde S.A., Shu G.M., Sun M., Li Q.G., Tian W. and Zhang J., Th-U-Pb monazite geochronology of the Lüliang and Wutai Complexes: constraints on the tectonothermal evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen, Precambrian Research. 2006, 148: 205-225.

Lu Y.J., Liu S.W., Zhao G., Li Q.G., Zhang J., Liu C.H., Park K.H. and Song Y.S., Paleoproterozoic convergence of the Trans-North China Orogen：Evidence from metamorphic volcanic rocks in the Lüliang Complex, Acta Geologica Sinica. 2006, 80: 899-911.

Xia X., Sun M., Zhao G., Wu F., Xu P., Zhang J. and Luo Y., Detrital Zircon Hf and Whole Rock Sr-Nd Isotope Study of the Khondalites from the Jining Complex, Western Block of the North China Craton: Implication for Paleoproterozoic Crustal Growth, American Geophysical Union, 87(36), Western Pacific Geophysical. Meeting . 2006.

Xia X., Sun M., Zhao G., Wu F., Xu P., Zhang J. and Luo Y., Detrital Zircon Hf and Whole Rock Sr-Nd Isotope Study of the Khondalites from the Jining Complex, Western Block of the North China Craton: Implication for Paleoproterozoic Crustal Growth, Eos Trans. AGU, West. Pac. Geophys. Meet. Suppl., Abstract. 2006, 87(36).

Xia X., Sun M., Zhao G., Wu F.Y., Xu P., Zhang J. and He Y., U-Pb and Hf Isotope Study of Detrital Zircons from the Wanzi Supracrustals: constraints on the tectonic setting and evolution of the Fuping Complex, Trans-North China Orogen, Acta Geologica Sinica. 2006, 80: 844-863.

Zhang J., Zhao G., Li S.Z., Sun M., Liu S.W., Wilde S.A., Kroner A. and Yin C., Deformation history of the Hengshan Complex: implications for the tectonic evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen, Journal of Structural Geology. 2007, 29: 933-949.

Zhang J., Zhao G., Li S.Z., Sun M., Liu S.W. and Yin C., New U-Th-Pb geochronological constraints on the structural evolution of the Fuping Complex: implications for the tectonic processes of the Trans-North China Orogen, 2006 IAGR Annual Convention and International Conference. 2006, Hong Kong, Abstracts: p. 59-60.

Zhang J., Zhao G., Li S., Sun M. and Liu S., Structural Geology of the Fuping Complex: Constraints on the Tectonic Evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen, Eos Trans. AGU, West. Pac. Geophys. Meet. Suppl., Abstract. 2006, 87(36).

Zhang J., Zhao G., Li S.Z., Sun M., Liu S.W., Wilde S.A., Xia X. and He Y., U-Pb Zircon Dating on the Granitic Conglomerates of the Hutuo Group: Affinities to the Wutai Granitoids and Significance on the Tectonic Evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen, Acta Geologica Sinica. 2006, 80: 886-898.

Zhang J., Zhao G., Li S.Z., Sun M., Liu S.W., Xia X. and He Y., U–Pb zircon dating on the granitic conglomerates of the Hutuo Group: Affinities to the Wutai Granitoids and significance on the tectonic evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen, The 16th Annual Goldschmidt Conference, Melbourne. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 2006, v. 70 (18): p. A734.

Zhao G., Sun M., Xia X., Zhang J. and He Y., SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology of the Huai’an Complex: constraints on late Archean to Paleoproterozoic custal accretion and collision of the Trans-North China Orogen., The 16th Annual Goldschmidt Conference, Melbourne. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 70 (18), p. A740. 2006.

Zhao G., Sun M., Wilde S.A., Li S.Z. and Zhang J., Some key issues in reconstructions of Proterozoic supercontinents, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 2006, 28: 3-19.

Zhao G., Liu S.W., Sun M., Li S.Z., Wilde S.A., Xia X., Zhang J. and He Y., What happened in the Trans-North China Orogen in the period 2560-1850 Ma?, Acta Geologica Sinica. 2006, 80: 790-806.

Researcher : Zhang J

List of Research Outputs

Xia X., Sun M., Zhao G., Wu F., Xu P., Zhang J. and Luo Y., Detrital Zircon Hf and Whole Rock Sr-Nd Isotope Study of the Khondalites from the Jining Complex, Western Block of the North China Craton: Implication for Paleoproterozoic Crustal Growth, Eos Trans. AGU, West. Pac. Geophys. Meet. Suppl., Abstract. 2006, 87(36).

Zhao G., Sun M., Wilde S.A., Li S.Z. and Zhang J., Some key issues in reconstructions of Proterozoic supercontinents, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 2006, 28: 3-19.

Zhao G., Liu S.W., Sun M., Li S.Z., Wilde S.A., Xia X., Zhang J. and He Y., What happened in the Trans-North China Orogen in the period 2560-1850 Ma?, Acta Geologica Sinica. 2006, 80: 790-806.

Researcher : Zhao G

Project Title:	Nature, Timing and Setting of Palaeoproterozoic magmatic and metamorphic events in the Trans-North China Orogen
Investigator(s):	Zhao G, Sun M
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	09/2004

Abstract:

To ascertain occurrences, spatial distribution and contact relationships of major Palaeoproterozoic lithotectonic units in the Trans-North China Orogen; to determine polymetamorphic features of the rocks in the Trans-North China Orogen, by studying mineral assemblages, reaction textures, mineral compositions, and P-T paths; to constrain tectonic settings fo major Palaeoproterozoic lithotectonic units by using rock associations and geochemical fingerprints; to utilize SHRIMP and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon geochronology combined with cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging to date magmatic and metamorphic zircons in the major Palaeoproterozoic complexes; to date cooling ages of metamorphic events through 40Ar-39 Ar dating of amphibole and mica; to establish a geochronological-tectonic framework of the Palaeoproterozoic magmatic and metamorphic events in the Trans-North China Orogen.

Project Title:	Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Geology
Investigator(s):	Zhao G
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Matching Fund for NSFC Young Researcher Award
Start Date:	01/2005

Abstract:

to study precambrian geology and metamorphic geology

Project Title:	Tectonic setting and geochronology of the Xionger Belt in the North China Craton
Investigator(s):	Zhao G
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	01/2005
Completion Date:	12/2006

Abstract:

In Earth’s history, supercontinents containing most of the earth’s continental crust are known to have formed on at least two separate occasions; the younger supercontinent Pangea formed at 0.3-0.25 Ga (Ga = 1 billion years) by amalgamation and accretion of fragments produced by breakup of the older one, Rodinia, which was assembled at ~1.0 Ga along Grenville-age sutures (Hoffman, 1991). It now seems likely that Rodinia formed by assembly and accretion of fragments from an even older supercontinent, named Columbia (Condie, 2002; Rogers and Santosh, 2002; Zhao et al., 2002; 2004). The supercontinent Columbia contained almost all of the world’s continental blocks that were amalgamated along global 2.1-1.8 Ga collisional orogens (Zhao et al., 2002). Following its final assembly at ~1.8 Ga, the Columbia supercontinent underwent a long-lived, subduction-related outgrowth along some of its continental margins, forming a number of continental margin accretionary zones, of which the most representatives are the huge 1.8-1.3 Ga accretionary belt bordering the present southern margin of North America, Greenland and Baltica; the 1.80-1.45 Ga Rio Negro-Juruena Belt and 1.45-1.30 Ga Rondonian-San Ignacio Belt along the western margin of South America; the 1.8-1.5 Ga Arunta, Musgrave, Mt. Isa, Georgetown, Coen and Broken Hill inliers along the southern and eastern margins of the North Australian Craton; and the 1.8-1.4 Ga Xiong’er Belt along the southern margin of the North China Craton. Precise and reliable geochronological and geochemical data on the ages and tectonic environments of these plate-scale continental margin accretionary belts in various continental blocks over the world will provide important insights into understanding the growth history of the proposed Columbia supercontinent. Controversy has surrounded the tectonic setting of the 1.8-1.4 Ga Xiong’er Belt along the southern margin of the North China Craton, with one school of thought proposing that the belt formed in an intracontinental rift environment (Sun et al., 1981; Zhang, 1989; Yang, 1990), whereas others argue that it represents a long-lived, subduction-related, continental margin accretionary belt (Jia et al., 1988; Chen, 1992). This controversy results from the lack of reliable geochemical and isotopic data for the Xiong’er Belt. This project aims to apply an integrated multidisciplinary approach, including geochemical and geochronological studies, to resolve this hot geological debate. We will meet this objective by (1) investigating the geological occurrence and distribution of igneous rocks in the Xiong’er Belt; (2) undertaking detailed petrographic examination on representative thin sections in order to characterize the features of mineral assemblages and fabrics of these igneous rocks; (3) constraining tectonic settings of the belt by using rock associations and geochemical fingerprints; and (4) dating the emplacement time of the igneous rocks by utilizing SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology. References: Chen, Y.J., 1992. Tectonic setting of the Xiong’er and Xiyanghe Groups. Geological Review 38, 325-333. Condie, K.C., 2002, Breakup of a Paleo-Mesoproterozoic supercontinent. Gondwana Research 5, 41–43. Hoffman, F.P., 1991. Did breakout of Laurentia turn Gondwana inside-out? Science 252, 1409–1411. Jia, C.Z., 1985. Petro-geochemistry of volcanic rocks in the Xiong’er Group: implications for tectonic setting. Henan Geology 2, 39– 43. Rogers, J., Santosh, M., 2002, Configuration of Columbia, a Mesoproterozoic Supercontinent. Gondwana Research 5, 5–22. Sun, S., Cong, B.L. and Li, J.L., 1981. Meso-Neoproterozoic sedimentary basins in Henan and Shanxi Provinces. Scientia Geologica Sinica 16, 314–322. Yang, Y., 1990. Characteristics and tectonic setting of volcanics in the Xiong’er Group along the southern margin of the North China Craton. Acta Petrologica Sinica 6, 20–29. Zhang, G.W., 1989. Formation and evolution of the Qinling Orogen. Northwest University Press, Xi’an, 192 pp. Zhao, G.C., Cawood, P.A., Wilde, S.A., Sun, M., 2002. Review of global 2.1–1.8 Ga orogens: Implications for a pre-Rodinia supercontinent. Earth-Science Reviews 59, 125-162. Zhao, G.C., Cawood, P.A., Wilde, S.A., Sun, M., 2004. A Paleo-Mesoproterozoic supercontiennt: assembly, growth and breakup. Earth-Science Reviews 67, 91-123.

Project Title:	Structural and geochronological studies of the Trans-North China Orogen
Investigator(s):	Zhao G, Sun M
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	01/2006

Abstract:

The main objectives of this project are: (1) To ascertain occurrences, spatial distribution and contact relationships of major lithotectonic units in the Trans-North China Orogen; (2) To determine major structural episodes of the orogen by studying overprinting relations of various structural elements including folds, foliations, lineations, etc; (3) To determine movement sense of the major structural episodes and regional-scale ductile shear zones through detailed structural analysis (4) To utilize the SHRIMP and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating techniques, combined with Sm–Nd and 40Ar-39Ar isotopic analyses, to determine the ages of major magmatic and metamorphic/structural events that happened in the orogen; (5) To establish a detailed tectonic-geochronological framework for the Trans-North China Orogen to test the above-mentioned two hypotheses for the amalgamation of the North China Craton.

Project Title:	Ages and tectonic setting of the Southern Margin Volcanic Belt of the North China Craton: constraints on the reconstruction of a Paleo-Mesoproterozoic supercontinent
Investigator(s):	Zhao G, Sun M
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	12/2006

Abstract:

(1) The main objective of this project is to determine the timing and tectonic setting of the Southern Margin Volcanic Belt of the North China Craton. There is a hot debate on the age and tectonic setting of this volcanic belt. Some workers propose that the belt formed as an intracontinental rift (Sun et al., 1981; Zhang, 1989; Yang, 1990), whereas others argue that it represents a long-lived, subduction-related, continental margin accretionary belt (Jia, 1985; Chen, 1992). This controversy results from the lack of reliable isotopic, structural and geochemical data for the Southern Margin Volcanic Belt. This project aims to apply an integrated multidisciplinary approach, including field, structural, geochemical and geochronological studies, to resolve this controversial geological issue. (2) We will meet the above objective by: 1) investigating the geological occurrence and distribution of volcanic rocks and associated intrusions in the Southern Margin Volcanic Belt; 2) carrying out field- and laboratory-based structural analysis of the belt in order to work out whether the major structural phase is extensional or compressional, which is critical in discriminating rifting from continental margin arc settings; 3) undertaking detailed petrographic examination of representative thin sections in order to characterize the mineral assemblages and fabrics of these igneous rocks; 4) constraining tectonic settings of the belt by using rock associations and geochemical fingerprints; and (5) dating the eruption and emplacement time of the volcanic rocks and associated intrusions of the belt by utilizing the SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology. (3) The results of this project will not only allow us to work out when and how the Southern Margin Volcanic Belt formed, but will also place a first-order constraint on the configuration of the North China Craton in the proposed Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Columbia (Nuna) supercontinent (Rogers and Santosh, 2002, Zhao et al., 2002, 2004; Pesonen et al., 2003). If the Southern Margin Volcanic Belt represents a Paleo-Mesoproterozoic rift belt, it implies that the southern margin of the North China Craton must have been connected to another continental fragment in the Columbia (Nuna) supercontinent. In contrast, if the belt was a Paleo-Mesoproterozoic, subduction-related, continental margin accretionary belt, it suggests that the southern margin of the North China Craton must have faced an open ocean, not been connected to any other continental blocks in the Columbia (Nuna) supercontinent. The outcomes of this project thus have a long-term impact on a major geological issue related to the reconstruction of the recently proposed Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Columbia (Nuna) supercontinent. (References see pages 5-1 and 5-2).

Project Title:	Structural Analysis and Geochronology of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt in the North China Craton
Investigator(s):	Zhao G
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	03/2007

Abstract:

Major advancements in understanding the geological history of the North China Craton have been made in the past a few years, following recognition of three major Paleoproterozoic tectonic belts: the Khondalite Belt, Trans-North China Orogen and Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt in the western, central and eastern parts of the craton, respectively (Zhao et al., 2001, 2005). The Trans-North China Orogen divides the North China Craton into two discrete blocks, named the Eastern and Western Blocks, whereas the Paleoproterozoic Khondalite Belt divides the Western Block into the Yinshan Terrane in the North and the Ordos Terrane in the south, and the Paleoproterozoic Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt lies in the Eastern Block. There is a broad consensus that the Khondalite Belt and Trans-North China Orogen represent two independent Paleoproterozoic continent-continent collisional belts, with the former formed by the collision between the Yinshan and Ordos Blocks to form the coherent Western Block at ~1.9 Ga (Zhao et al., 2005; Xia et al., 2006), and the latter formed by the amalgamation of the Western and Eastern Blocks to form the North China Craton at about 1.85 Ga (Zhao et al., 2001, 2005). There are now coherent outlines of the timing and tectonic processes involved in the Palaeoproterozoic amalgamation and much intensive knowledge concerning the pre-collisional history of these collisional belts that were subsequently incorporated into the North Chian Craton. However, the tectonic nature of the Paleoproterozoic Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt still remains controversial (Yang et al., 1988; Bai and Dai, 1998; He and Ye, 1998; Li et al., 2005). Tectonic models for the Paleoproterozoic Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt range from those invoking the opening and closing of an intra-continental rift in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton (Zhang and Yang, 1988; Li et al., 2005), to those involving a continental collisional belt along which two metamorphic terranes (He and Ye, 1998) or a continent and an island arc (Bai and Dai, 1998) collided to form a coherent continental block. These debates reflect the lack of geological data, especially of structural and geochronological data for the major lithologies of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt. This project aims to test these models by carrying out extensive field-based structural investigations followed by detailed geochronological studies on the major lithologies of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt. Specifically, the objectives of this project are: (1) to investigate the geological occurrence and distribution of major lithologies in the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt; (2) to carry out field-based structural analysis of the belt in order to work out whether the major structural phase is extensional or compressional, which is critical in discriminating rifting from continental margin arc settings; and (3) to date the eruption and emplacement time of the metamorphic rocks of the belt by utilizing the LA-ICP-MS and SHRIMP techniques.

List of Research Outputs

Han C.M., Xiao W.J., Zhao G., Mao J.W., Yang J.M., Wang L.G., Yan Z. and Mao Q.G., Geological characteristics and genesis of the Tuwu porphyry copper deposit, Hami, Xinjiang, Central Asia, Ore Geology Review. 2006, 29: 77-94.

He Y., Zhao G. and Sun M., Geochemical and isotopic studies on the Xiyanghe volcanics at the southern margin of the North China Craton, 2006 IAGR Annual Convention and International Conference. 2006, Hong Kong, Abstracts: p. 37-38.

He Y., Zhao G. and Sun M., Geochemistry of the Xiyanghe Group at the southern margin of the North China Craton: constraints on the Paleoproterozoic Post\-orogenic event, Eos Trans. AGU, West. Pac. Geophys. Meet. Suppl., Abstract. 2006, 87(36).

Li S., Kusky T.M., Zhao G., Wu F., Liu J.Z., Wang L. and Sun M., Mesozoic tectonics in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton: implications for subduction of the Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian plate. In: Zhai, M.G., Windley, B.F., Kusky, T.M., Meng, Q.R. (Eds), Mesozoic Sub-Continental Lithospheric Thinning under Eastern Asia, Geological Society of London Special Publication. 2007, 280: 171-188.

Liu S., Zhao G., Wilde S.A., Sun M. and Shu G.M., Th-U-Pb Monazite Geochronology of the Lüiang and Wutai Complexes: Constraints on the Tectonothermal Evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen , Eos Trans. AGU, West. Pac. Geophys. Meet. Suppl., Abstract. 2006, 87(36).

Liu S.W., Zhao G., Wilde S.A., Shu G.M., Sun M., Li Q.G., Tian W. and Zhang J., Th-U-Pb monazite geochronology of the Lüliang and Wutai Complexes: constraints on the tectonothermal evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen, Precambrian Research. 2006, 148: 205-225.

Lu Y.J., Liu S.W., Zhao G., Li Q.G., Zhang J., Liu C.H., Park K.H. and Song Y.S., Paleoproterozoic convergence of the Trans-North China Orogen：Evidence from metamorphic volcanic rocks in the Lüliang Complex, Acta Geologica Sinica. 2006, 80: 899-911.

Luo Y., Sun M., Zhao G., Li S.Z. and Xia X., LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Yushulazi Group in the Eastern Block, North China Craton, International Geology Review. 2006, 48: 828-840.

Wang Y.J., Zhao G., Fan W.M., Peng T., Sun L.H. and Xia X., LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon geochronology and geochemistry of Paleoproterozoic mafic dikes from western Shandong Province: Implications for back-arc basin magmatism in the Eastern North China Craton, Precambrian Research. 2007, 154: 107-124.

Wilde S.A., Wu F., Zhao G. and Sklyyarov E., The Status of micro-continental blocks within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt: new data from the Bureya, Jimusi and Khanka Massifs, 2006 IAGR Annual Convention and International Conference. 2006, Hong Kong, Abstracts: p. 69-70.

Wu C. and Zhao G., A recalibration of the garnet-olivine geothermometer and a new geobarometer for garnet peridotites and garnet-olivine-plagioclase-bearing granulites , Journal of Metamorphic Geology. 2007, 25: 497–505.

Wu C.H., Sun M., Li H.M., Zhao G. and Xia X., LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon ages of the khondalites from the Wulashan and Jining high-grade terrain in northern margin of the North China Craton: constraints on sedimentary age of the khondalite, Acta Petrologica Sinica. 2006, 22: 2639-2654.

Wu C.M. and Zhao G., Recalibration of the Garnet − Muscovite (GM) Geothermometer and the Garnet − Muscovite − Plagioclase − Quartz (GMPQ) Geobarometer for Metapelitic Assemblages, Journal of Petrology. 2006, 47: 2357-2368.

Wu F.Y., Zhao G., Sun D.Y., Wilde S.A. and Zhang G.L., The Hulan Group: its role in the evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt of NE China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 2007, 30: 542-556.

Xia X., Sun M., Zhao G., Wu F., Xu P., Zhang J. and Luo Y., Detrital Zircon Hf and Whole Rock Sr-Nd Isotope Study of the Khondalites from the Jining Complex, Western Block of the North China Craton: Implication for Paleoproterozoic Crustal Growth, American Geophysical Union, 87(36), Western Pacific Geophysical. Meeting . 2006.

Xia X., Sun M., Zhao G., Wu F., Xu P., Zhang J. and Luo Y., Detrital Zircon Hf and Whole Rock Sr-Nd Isotope Study of the Khondalites from the Jining Complex, Western Block of the North China Craton: Implication for Paleoproterozoic Crustal Growth, Eos Trans. AGU, West. Pac. Geophys. Meet. Suppl., Abstract. 2006, 87(36).

Xia X., Sun M. and Zhao G., Detrital zircon U-Pb and Hf isotope study for the khondalites in the Western Block of the North China Craton and its implication, 2006 IAGR Annual Convention and International Conference. 2006, Hong Kong, Abstracts: p. 31-32.

Xia X., Yang S., Sun M. and Zhao G., Elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic variations in sediments drilled from the Changjiang River Delta: implications for the development of the Changjiang and uplift of the Tibet Plateau, 22nd Himalaya-Karaoram-Tibet Workshop. 2007, 105.

Xia X., Sun M., Zhao G., Wu F. and Xu P., Evolution and Affinity of the Fuping Complex, centre North China Craton: constraints from detrital zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotop for the Wanzi supercrust , 华北克拉通中部阜平杂岩的演化及其构造属性：来自湾子表壳岩碎屑锆石U－Pb 年龄及Hf同位素证据, Bullition of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2007, 26: 60.

Xia X., Sun M., Zhao G., Wu F.Y., Xu P., Zhang J. and He Y., U-Pb and Hf Isotope Study of Detrital Zircons from the Wanzi Supracrustals: constraints on the tectonic setting and evolution of the Fuping Complex, Trans-North China Orogen, Acta Geologica Sinica. 2006, 80: 844-863.

Zhang J., Zhao G., Li S.Z., Sun M., Liu S.W., Wilde S.A., Kroner A. and Yin C., Deformation history of the Hengshan Complex: implications for the tectonic evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen, Journal of Structural Geology. 2007, 29: 933-949.

Zhang J., Zhao G., Li S.Z., Sun M., Liu S.W. and Yin C., New U-Th-Pb geochronological constraints on the structural evolution of the Fuping Complex: implications for the tectonic processes of the Trans-North China Orogen, 2006 IAGR Annual Convention and International Conference. 2006, Hong Kong, Abstracts: p. 59-60.

Zhang J., Zhao G., Li S., Sun M. and Liu S., Structural Geology of the Fuping Complex: Constraints on the Tectonic Evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen, Eos Trans. AGU, West. Pac. Geophys. Meet. Suppl., Abstract. 2006, 87(36).

Zhang J., Zhao G., Li S.Z., Sun M., Liu S.W., Wilde S.A., Xia X. and He Y., U-Pb Zircon Dating on the Granitic Conglomerates of the Hutuo Group: Affinities to the Wutai Granitoids and Significance on the Tectonic Evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen, Acta Geologica Sinica. 2006, 80: 886-898.

Zhang J., Zhao G., Li S.Z., Sun M., Liu S.W., Xia X. and He Y., U–Pb zircon dating on the granitic conglomerates of the Hutuo Group: Affinities to the Wutai Granitoids and significance on the tectonic evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen, The 16th Annual Goldschmidt Conference, Melbourne. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 2006, v. 70 (18): p. A734.

Zhao G. and Kroner A., Geochemistry of Neoarchean (ca. 2.55-2.50 Ga) volcanic and ophiolitic rocks in the Wutaishan greenstone belt, central orogenic belt, North China craton: Implications for geodynamic setting and continental growth: discussion, Geological Society of America Bulletin. 2007, 199: 487-489.

Zhao G., Geology and Tectonics of India: An Overview (book review), Gondwana Research. 2006, 10: 400-401.

Zhao G., Cao L., Wilde S.A., Sun M. and Li S.Z., Implications based on the first SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating on Precambrian granitoid rocks in North Korea., Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 2006, 251: 365-379.

Zhao G., Kroner A., Wilde S.A. and Sun M., Lithotectonic elements and geological events in the Hengshan-Wutai-Fuping belt: A synthesis and implications for the evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen., 2006 IAGR Annual Convention and International Conference. 2006, Hong Kong, Abstracts: p. 57-58.

Zhao G., Major geological events in the Hengshan-Wutai-Fuping belt, Trans-North China Orogen., Field workshop on the sequences and geochronological framework of the Paleoproterozoic strata in the Wutaishan area. Tianjin Institute of Geology & Mineral Resources. 2006.

Zhao G., Major geological events in the Hengshan-Wutai-Fuping belt, Trans-North China Orogen. , Field workshop on the sequences and geochronological framework of the Paleoproterozoic strata in the Wutaishan area. Tianjin Institute of Geology & Mineral Resources. Abstracts. 2006.

Zhao G., SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages of the Precambrian granitoid rocks in North Korea., International Conference of Sino-Korean Geology/Institute of Geology & Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing. 2006.

Zhao G., Sun M., Xia X., Zhang J. and He Y., SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology of the Huai’an Complex: constraints on late Archean to Paleoproterozoic custal accretion and collision of the Trans-North China Orogen., The 16th Annual Goldschmidt Conference, Melbourne. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 70 (18), p. A740. 2006.

Zhao G., Sun M., Wilde S.A., Li S.Z. and Zhang J., Some key issues in reconstructions of Proterozoic supercontinents, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 2006, 28: 3-19.

Zhao G., Wilde S.A., Li S.Z., Sun M., Grant M.L. and Li X.P., U-Pb zircon age constraints on the Dongwanzi ultramafic-mafic body, North China, confirm it is not an Archean ophiolite, Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 2007, 255: 85-93.

Zhao G., Liu S.W., Sun M., Li S.Z., Wilde S.A., Xia X., Zhang J. and He Y., What happened in the Trans-North China Orogen in the period 2560-1850 Ma?, Acta Geologica Sinica. 2006, 80: 790-806.

Zhao G., When did plate tectonics begin on the North China Craton? Insights from metamorphism, Earth Science Frontier. 2007, 14: 19-32.

Zheng J.P., Sun M., Zhao G., Robinson P.T. and Wang F.Z., Elemental and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic geochemistry of Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks beneath the Junggar basin, NW China: Implications for the formation and evolution of the basin basement, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 2007, 29: 778-794.

Researcher : Zhao J

List of Research Outputs

Zhao J. and Zhou M.F., Zhao J.-H., & Zhou, M.-F., 2007, Geochemistry of Neoproterozoic mafic intrusions in the Panzhihua district (Sichuan Province, SW China): Implications for subduction-related metasomatism in the upper mantle. , Precambrian Research, : . Elsvier, 2007, 152: 27-47.

Zhou M.F., Zhao J., Xia X., Sun W. and Yan D., Comment on "Revisiting the "Yanbian Terrane": Implications for Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the western Yangtze Block, South China" [Precambrian Res. 151 (2006) 14-30]. , Precambrian Res. 2007, 155: 313－317.

Researcher : Zhao J

List of Research Outputs

Researcher : Zhou MF

Project Title:	Tectonic significance of the Permian Flood Basalts in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau
Investigator(s):	Zhou MF, Sun W
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	01/2005
Completion Date:	12/2006

Abstract:

To document the tectonic evolution of the region and the relationship between the Tibetan Plateau and the South China Block; to determine the age and orgin of the Permian Flood bsasalts; to better understand the role of the Emeishan plume.

Project Title:	Geochemical constraints on the diversity of igneous assemblages within the Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province, SW China
Investigator(s):	Zhou MF
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	08/2005

Abstract:

The main objectives of this project are: (1) To document the diversity of the igneous assemblages in the ELIP; (2) To generate PGE data for individual intrusions to aid in constraining models for magmatic processes; (3) To provide a better understanding of the factors controlling the diversity of rock types and ore deposits.

Project Title:	The role of magma/wallrock interaction on the formation of magmatic Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits, SW China
Investigator(s):	Zhou MF, Zhao X
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	01/2006

Abstract:

Introduction: major source of V and Ti in the world comes from layers or lenses of massive Fe-Ti oxides hosted in layered intrusions, which are considered to be remnants of mafic magma chambers. However, the fundamental process by which V and Ti, generally present in low quantities in mantle-derived magmas, are concentrated to form massive bodies of Fe-Ti oxides is not fully understood. Key issues and problems: A number of layered intrusions hosting Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits in SW China occur in a relatively focused region known as the Panzhihua-Xichang (Pan-Xi) region. It represents an important metallogenic district for V and Ti not only in China but also the world, for instance, oxide mines in the Pan-Xi region account for 6.7% and 35.2% of global production of V and Ti, respectively. The existence of these ore-bearing intrusions in a concentrated region is quite uncommon. It is not clear whether the enrichment of Fe and Ti is a characteristic of the mantle source from which the magma was originated, or related to modification when the magma ascent en route to the surface. It has been shown elsewhere that country rock assimilation is important in generating world-class magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits, including the Noril’sk deposit in Russia and the Voisey’s Bay deposit in Canada. Assimilation of crustal country rocks may also be significant on the formation of magmatic Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits. This study will use stable isotope geochemistry to examine the nature, extent and effect of country rock assimilation on the formation of magmatic Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits. It aims at a better understanding as to whether there is any genetic link between the type of country rock and the origin of the oxide deposits. The Panzhihua and Hongge Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits are chosen in this study due to their excellent exposure and the presence of carbonate rock as the immediate footwall rock. Our previous work suggests that the Pan-Xi ore-bearing layered intrusions are derived from highly evolved gabbroic magmas and that the oxide ores have possibly formed from oxide melts at late-stage. Several key issues are still to be resolved: (1) what is the relation between the late-stage oxide melt and the silicate magma which forms the gabbro? Are they immiscible liquid pairs? (2) what triggers the formation of an oxide liquid? Is it related to the wallrock or any fluid derived from it that the magma interacts with? (3) the formation of large amount of magnetite requires a relatively high oxygen fugacity (oxidizing conditions), is it related to the redox equilibria involving CO2 and graphite from the wallrock? Principal objectives: 1. To evaluate the degree of crustal contamination in the Panzhihua and Hongge intrusions; 2. To examine the nature, extent and effects of assimilation of carbonate wallrock and its link to the formation of Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits in these two ayered intrusions

Project Title:	Constraints on the origin of giant Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits in the Panxi region, SW China
Investigator(s):	Zhou MF, Wang Y
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CERG)
Start Date:	07/2006

Abstract:

(1) Fe-Ti-V oxide mines in the Panxi region, SW China, produce 6.7% and 35.2% of global production of V and Ti, respectively. The giant Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits in SW China are unique in that they are hosted in layered intrusions that formed from highly evolved mafic magmas associated with the Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP). The objective is to understand the nature of the parental magmas for the gabbroic intrusions to see if they were originally enriched in Fe, Ti and V , and why the magmas remained so reducing during their evolution; (2)The ore-bearing gabbroic intrusions are spatially and temporally associated with syenitic intrusions in the Panxi region. It is possible that the Fe-Ti-V enrichment in the mafic intrusions was caused by immiscible separation of syenitic magmas. The study will attempt to unravel the relationship between these two types of intrusions; (3) The ore-forming mechanism is uncertain. Our previous work suggests that the oxide ores may have formed from oxide melts. If oxide melts existed, were these melts formed from the silicate magmas, and if so, what triggered their formation? Was wall-rock/melt interaction significant and were fluids an important factor? Did the assimilation of carbonates, which are nearly ubiquitous in the wall rocks and which can change the oxygen fugacity of the magma, play an important role? We will evaluate the influence of crustal contamination and the role of fluids in the genesis of the oxide ores; (4) Ultimately to develop geological models for the occurrence of giant Fe-Ti-V oxide ore deposits in gabbroic intrusions and to use these results to more efficiently explore for new deposits of this type. The proposed project will aid in understanding the exploration potential for other giant ore deposits in the ELIP and elsewhere. 5 The project is part of our long-term research program investigating the genesis and exploration potential of magmatic ore deposits in China. This project provides more opportunities for us to interact with members of the mining industry and to collaborate with scientists in many different countries. The proposed collaboration between the applicants and their colleagues in the local geological surveys and mining companies will ensure that the results of this work can be used by the mining industry.

Project Title:	Permian mafic magmatism and associated Ni-Cu-(PGE) sulfide mineralization in the Eurasian continent
Investigator(s):	Zhou MF, Yang S
Department:	Earth Sciences
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	03/2007

Abstract:

Background of Research Our previous studies have focused on the Permian (~260 Ma) Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP) and advanced the knowledge about the controls on two styles of mineralization: Ni-Cu-(PGE) sulfide and Fe-Ti-V oxide mineralization [1-12]. We have established a geochemical link between the intrusions and flood basalts. The various intrusions and volcanics were thus considered to represent a single magmatic event produced by a same mantle plume. The diversity is explained by variable mantle sources, mantle plume-lithosphere interaction, crustal contamination, or a combination of these processes. On the other hand, the voluminous flood basalts of the Siberian Traps are associated with contemporaneous mafic intrusions hosting the largest sulfide deposits in the world [13-20]. Widely distributed basalts in the Tarim basin in NW China were recently discovered by deep-drill-core and are part of the Permian strata. Because of their poor exposures, little is known about their significance. It is also known that in NW China and North China there are abundant mafic intrusions of possible Permian in age. Examples are the Kalatongke and Huangshan intrusions. These intrusions have been dated by various isotopic systems, to yield a Re-Os isochron age of 281 Ma and a zircon U-Pb age of 274 Ma [21,22]. They are explained to have formed in a post-collisonal extensional environment. It is still not clear about their precise ages, and their relationship with Permian volcanic rocks in Tarim. Nevertheless, these occurrences have important significance as they may link the Siberian Traps, the ELIP, and flood basalts in Tarim to a single magmatic event in Later Permian time. The Re-Os isotopic system has been used to determine if the ore-forming metals were derived from a crustal or mantle source [23]. It has been widely used in Siberia, Hawaii, Iceland basalts, Noril’sk, Sudbery, Voisy’ Bay, and Duluth deposits [24-26]. As many Ni-Cu-(PGE) sulfides are formed due to crustal contamination of mantle-derived magmas [27], the Re-Os system is a powerful tool in petrogenetic studies of such deposits. It is envisioned that they will be of considerable importance in solving the problems and in providing new constraints on magmatic processes and ore genesis across the Eurasian continent. Key issues and problems Extensively Permian magmatism is wide-spread all over the Eurasia and includes the well known ~252 Ma Siberian Traps and ~260 Ma Emeishan Large Igneous Province in NW China. In addition, Permian mafic intrusions and flood basalts are known to occur across the entire Eurasian continent including NW China and North China. However, there is no attempt to link all these occurrences in the context of Permian igneous activities, partly because of a lack of data for Permian rocks in NW China and North China. The occurrence of these rocks raises several questions: Were all these igneous activities produced by a single magmatic event, i.e. a super plume? Is there potential in NW China and North China to host similar deposits identified in Emeishan and Siberia? In particular, what are the relationships between the Siberian Traps, Emeishan Large Igneous Province, Flood Basalts in Tarim and Permian mafic intrusions in NW China and North China? Linking these would have important significance for understanding the processes that formed the LIPs and their ore deposits. Objectives The principal objective of this proposed research is to document the Permian mantle-derived intrusions across NW China and North China. Utilizing PGE and Re-Os isotopic geochemical data for individual intrusive bodies, we will aim to constrain the origin of these rocks and to understand the relationship between these igneous rocks, Siberian Traps and Emeishan Flood Basalt Province in SW China. Our major goal will be to determine the nature and timing of the mineralization within the intrusions. We will provide a better understanding of the factors controlling the diversity of rock types and ore deposits. Ultimately our work will provide information about the mineralization potential of the Permian igneous bodies across the Eurasian continent. Key references: 1. Zhou M.-F. et al., 2002, EPSL 196, 113-122. 2. Zhou M.-F. et al, 2006, CMP 151, 1-19. 3. Zhou M-F et al. 2005 JP 46, 2253-2280. 4. Zhong H et al., 2002, MD 37, 226-239. 5. Zhong H, et al., 2003, IGR 45, 371-382. 6. Wang Y. et al, CMP 152, 309-321; 7. Wang Y et al. 2006, MD (in press), 8. Wang CY et al., 2005, Lithos 83, 47-66. 9. Song et al, 2004, CM 42, 469-483. 10. Song X-Y et al, 2004, JGSL 161, 773-781. 11. Song XY, 2004, PhD thesis (HKU), 274p. 12. Wang Y. 2006, PhD thesis (HKU), 13. Czamanske GK, 1995, RG 18, 1-48. 14.Fedorenko VA et al, 1997, IGR 39, 479-531. 15. Lightfoot PC et al, 1994, OGS Spec. Vol. 5, 283-312. 16.Naldrett AJ et al, 1992, EG 87, 975-1004. 17. Wooden JL et al., 1993, GCA 57, 3677-3704. 18. Arndt NT et al, 1993, Tecton 223, 39-52. 19. Arndt NT et al, 1998, CMP 133, 297-313. 20. Arndt NT et al, 2003, EG 98, 495-515. 21. Zhang ZH et al. Acta Petrol Miner 24, 285-293; 22. Han BF et al. 2004, Chinse Sci Bulletin 49, 2324-2328. 23. Lambert et al. 1998, Econ Geol, 93: 121-136. 24. Lambert et al. 1999, Econ Geol, 95: 867 - 888. 25. Walker et al. 1994, GCA 58, 4179 - 4199, 26. Ripley et al, 1999, GCA 62(19/20): 3349-3365. 27. Horan et al. 2001, J Petrol 141: 446-451.

List of Research Outputs

Shellnutt J.G. and Zhou M.F., Rifting-related, Permian ferrosyenites in the Panxi region of the Emeishan large igneous province, SW China, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70. 2006, 579.

Wang W., Aitchison J.C. and Zhou M.F., The nature and distribution of ophiolitic rocks in central Tibet, 22nd Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet workshop. Hong Kong, 2007, 103.

Yan D., Zhou M.F., Song H.L., Wang G.H. and Sun M., Descussion on Mesozoic extensional structures of the Fangshan tectonic dome and their subsequent reworking during collisional accretion of the North China Block -reply., Journal of Geological Society, London,. 2006, 163: 1052-1055.

Zhao J. and Zhou M.F., Zhao J.-H., & Zhou, M.-F., 2007, Geochemistry of Neoproterozoic mafic intrusions in the Panzhihua district (Sichuan Province, SW China): Implications for subduction-related metasomatism in the upper mantle. , Precambrian Research, : . Elsvier, 2007, 152: 27-47.

Zhou M.F., Zhao J., Xia X., Sun W. and Yan D., Comment on "Revisiting the "Yanbian Terrane": Implications for Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the western Yangtze Block, South China" [Precambrian Res. 151 (2006) 14-30]. , Precambrian Res. 2007, 155: 313－317.

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