DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
| Researcher : Arega Woldemariam F |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Lee J.H.W., Wong K.T.M., Choi D.K.W. and Arega Woldemariam F., A post-operation audit of the Tai Hang Tung Storage Scheme, In: George C. Christodoulou & Anastasios I. Stamou, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Environmental Hydraulics. CRC Press/Balkema, 2010, 1: 27-37. |
| Researcher : Au ASK |
| Project Title: | 2006 GeoShanghai International Conference Numerical Studies of Rock Failure Due to the Pre-existing Crack Initiation and Propagation and Hydraulic Fractures Interaction |
| Investigator(s): | Au ASK |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 06/2006 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| Researcher : Au FTK |
| Project Title: | Establishment of Bridge Rating System for Ting Kau Bridge |
| Investigator(s): | Au FTK, Lee PKK |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Highways Department - General Award |
| Start Date: | 08/2006 |
| Abstract: |
| To conduct research to establish a comprehensive bridge rating system for Ting Kau Bridge. |
| Project Title: | Performance of in-situ concrete stitches in precast segmental bridge construction |
| Investigator(s): | Au FTK |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2008 |
| Abstract: |
| (1) To study the performance of in-situ concrete stitches under various combinations of bending moment and shear force, which covers the full-range including service behaviour, ultimate strength and post-peak behaviour; (2) To evaluate the effect of in-situ concrete stitches on the robustness of the complete bridge by theoretical models; (3) To investigate ways to improve the strength and ductility of in-situ concrete stitches taking into account the desirable durability, constructability and maintainability; and (4) To propose design guidance for practising engineers that improves the performance and reliability of precast segmental concrete bridges. |
| Project Title: | Establishment of Bridge Rating System for Kap Shui Mun Bridge |
| Investigator(s): | Au FTK |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Highways Department - General Award |
| Start Date: | 06/2008 |
| Abstract: |
| To conduct research to establish a comprehensive bridge rating system for Kap Shui Mun Bridge. |
| Project Title: | Structural health monitoring of cable-stayed bridges taking into account time-dependent deformations |
| Investigator(s): | Au FTK, Su KL |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| 1. To study the effect of time-dependent deformations on the bridge characteristics; 2. To develop tools for construction of time-dependent baseline model from SHM measurements; and 3. To devise methods for detection of damage taking into account time-dependent deformations. |
| Project Title: | Serviceability performance of prestressed concrete buildings taking into account long-term behaviour |
| Investigator(s): | Au FTK |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Small Project Funding |
| Start Date: | 10/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| After the completion of a reinforced or prestressed concrete structure, the stresses and strains are subject to changes over a long period of time, during which creep and shrinkage of concrete and relaxation of the steel prestressing tendons develop gradually. If these delayed or time-dependent deformations are not considered properly during design with suitable measures taken during construction, serious cracking of the concrete structure may occur afterwards. Most of these cracking problems can be traced back to differences in axial shortening of structural members. For example, in a tall building, the vertical loading is primarily resisted by vertical members comprising the walls and columns. If there are large differences in stress levels among these vertical members, their instantaneous and time-dependent deformations will create additional stresses on the floors possibly causing cracking and other problems. This "differential axial shortening" is especially a concern with the widespread use of high-strength concrete in the construction of columns of smaller sizes, thus resulting in higher differences in stress levels. With the demand for larger column-free space to allow for more flexibility in the planning and use of the development, post-tensioning, which is a form of prestressing, has been used more often in the construction of building floors. Prestressing is a technique for introducing compressive stresses in structures during the process of construction, so that a more favourable state of stress will prevail under service loads. Prestressing allows a building floor to span over longer distances with a thinner floor thickness. However prestressing of building floors also causes their axial shortening thereby leading to additional stresses and deformations in the columns and walls as well as the floors themselves. Unless such phenomena are properly accounted for during the design, such additional stresses and deformations may again create cracking at certain weak spots somewhere in the structure. Cracking of concrete structures is a common problem in Hong Kong, especially in large building structures. In many cases, the cracks formed have been causing aesthetic, water leakage and durability problems. In a recently completed applied research project funded by the Hong Kong Housing Authority Research Fund that comprises experimental work and development of application software, apart from addressing most of the problems associated with concrete shrinkage, many interesting issues have also been identified. The cracking of reinforced or prestressed concrete is a very complicated phenomenon as it involves the interaction between concrete, steel reinforcement and steel tendons, the shape and size of the structure as well as the stiffness of the supports. It is against this background that the present project is proposed and the objectives are: 1. To develop efficient methods of analysis of time-dependent behaviour of prestressed concrete structures; 2. To study the effects of differential axial shortening of walls / columns and construction of post-tensioned concrete floors on the serviceability performance; and 3. To develop guidelines for practising engineers engaged in design of such structures. |
| Project Title: | 4th International Symposium on Environmental Vibration: Prediction, Monitoring and Evaluation Simulation of Vibrations of Ting Kau Bridge Due to Vehicular Loading |
| Investigator(s): | Au FTK |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 10/2009 |
| Completion Date: | 10/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| Project Title: | The International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering 2010 (icccbe2010) Effects of long-term time-dependent behaviour on dynamic properties of cable-stayed bridges |
| Investigator(s): | Au FTK |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 06/2010 |
| Completion Date: | 07/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Au F.T.K., Accurate time-dependent analysis of concrete bridges taking into account creep, shrinkage and relaxation, Invited Lecture, College of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University (北京交通大學), Beijing, China, 27 October 2009, 2009. |
| Au F.T.K., Behaviour of in-situ stitches in prestressed concrete segmental bridges, Invited Lecture, Department of the Built Environment, Coventry University, UK, 29 June 2010, 2010. |
| Au F.T.K., Editorial Advisor , Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2009. |
| Au F.T.K. and Si X., Effects of long-term time-dependent behaviour on dynamic properties of cable-stayed bridges, Paper 270, abstract, 539-540, In: Walid Tizani, Proceedings of the International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, 30 June – 2 July 2010, Nottingham, UK. Nottingham, Nottingham University Press, 2010, 6 pages. |
| Au F.T.K., Chan K.H.E., Kwan A.K.H. and Du J., Flexural ductility of prestressed concrete beams with unbonded tendons, Computers and Concrete, An International Journal. Korea, Techno-Press, 2009, 6(6): 451-472. |
| Au F.T.K., 特约指导专家组组员, Gongcheng Jiagu. 工程加固, 2010. |
| Au F.T.K., Member of Editorial Advisory Board, Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2009. |
| Au F.T.K., Member of International Editorial Board, International Journal of Railway. 2010. |
| Au F.T.K., Member of the Editorial Board, The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal. 2010. |
| Au F.T.K., In: Francis T.K. Au, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings, 29-30 October 2009, Hong Kong, China. Singapore, Research Publishing, 2009, 872 pages. |
| Au F.T.K., Lou P., Li J., Jiang R., Leung C.Y.C., Lee P.K.K., Wong K.Y. and Chan H.Y., Simulation of Vibrations of Ting Kau Bridge due to Vehicular and Environmental Loading, Invited Paper, In: H. Xia and H. Takemiya, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Environmental Vibrations: Prediction, Monitoring, Mitigation and Evaluation (ISEV2009), Beijing, China, 28-30 October 2009. Beijing, Science Presss, 2009, II: 1109-16. |
| Au F.T.K. and Si X., Time-dependent analysis of frames taking into account creep, shrinkage and cable relaxation, In: F.T.K. Au, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings, 29-30 October 2009, Hong Kong, China. Singapore, Research Publishing, 2009, 649-658. |
| Bai Z. and Au F.T.K., Effects of material strength on flexural ductility of reinforced concrete columns, In: F.T.K. Au, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings, 29-30 October 2009, Hong Kong, China. Singapore, Research Publishing, 2009, 495-502. |
| Du J. and Au F.T.K., Estimation of ultimate stress in external FRP tendons, Proceedings of ICE, Structures and Buildings. London, Thomas Telford, 2009, 162(SB4): 213-220. |
| Du J., Au F.T.K., Cheung Y.K. and Kwan A.K.H., OVM Paper Award for Prestressing 2009 (Class 1) of China Civil Engineering Society for the paper “J.S. Du, F.T.K. Au, Y.K. Cheung and A.K.H. Kwan, Ductility Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Beams with Unbonded Tendons, Engineering Structures, Volume 30, Issue 1, 13-21, 2008”, 第三届欧维姆优秀预应力论文奖一等奖（中国土木工程学会北京詹天佑土木工程科学技术发展基金会欧维姆预应力技术发展专项基金; 2009; 杜进生，区达光，张佑启，关国雄，无粘结预应力混凝土梁的延性分析), 2009. |
| Jiang R., Au F.T.K., Cheung Y.K. and Zheng D.Y., A general finite strip for the analysis of folded plates, Paper 229, abstract, 457-458, In: Walid Tizani, Proceedings of the International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, 30 June – 2 July 2010, Nottingham, UK. Nottingham, Nottingham University Press, 2010, 7 pages. |
| Kwan A.K.H., Au F.T.K., Wong H.C. and Ng P.L., Shrinkage of Hong Kong granite aggregate concrete, Magazine of Concrete Research. London, Thomas Telford, 2010, 62(2): 115-126. |
| Leung C.Y.C. and Au F.T.K., Behaviour of in-situ concrete stitches in segmental prestressed concrete bridges, Proceedings of Second International Postgraduate Conference on Infrastructure and Environment, 1-2 June 2010, Hong Kong, China. Hong Kong, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 2010, 2: 256-262. |
| Liu C.H., Au F.T.K. and Lee P.K.K., Time-dependent behaviour of reinforced concrete multi-storey building frames due to shrinkage, In: F.T.K. Au, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings, 29-30 October 2009, Hong Kong, China. Singapore, Research Publishing, 2009, 659-668. |
| Liu J., Cheng Y., Li R.F. and Au F.T.K., A semi-analytical method for bending, buckling, and free vibration analyses of sandwich panels with square-honeycomb cores, International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics. Singapore, World Scientific, 2010, 10(1): 127-151. |
| Si X., Au F.T.K. and Guo W.H., Riding comfort of a double-deck long-span bridge under both road vehicles and monorail trains, Proceedings of Second International Postgraduate Conference on Infrastructure and Environment, 1-2 June 2010, Hong Kong, China. Hong Kong, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 2010, 2: 196-203. |
| Si X., Au F.T.K., Su K.L. and Tsang N.C.M., Time-dependent analysis of concrete bridges with creep, shrinkage and cable relaxation, Paper 120, In: B.H.V. Topping, L.F. Costa Neves and R.C. Barros, Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal, 1-4 September 2009. Stirlingshire, Scotland, Civil-Comp Press, 17 pages. |
| Zeng Y., Au F.T.K. and Leung C.Y.C., Numerical analysis of in-situ stitches in prestressed concrete segmental bridges, Proceedings of Second International Postgraduate Conference on Infrastructure and Environment, 1-2 June 2010, Hong Kong, China. Hong Kong, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 2010, 2: 271-277. |
| Zhang J. and Au F.T.K., Establishment of baseline models for long-span cable-stayed bridges, Proceedings of Second International Postgraduate Conference on Infrastructure and Environment, 1-2 June 2010, Hong Kong, China. Hong Kong, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 2010, 2: 263-270. |
| Zhou D., Cheung Y.K., Lo S.H. and Au F.T.K., Three-dimensional vibration analysis of prisms with isosceles triangular cross-section, Archive of Applied Mechanics. New York, Springer, 2010, 80(6): 699-710. |
| Researcher : Bai Z |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Bai Z. and Au F.T.K., Effects of material strength on flexural ductility of reinforced concrete columns, In: F.T.K. Au, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings, 29-30 October 2009, Hong Kong, China. Singapore, Research Publishing, 2009, 495-502. |
| Researcher : Chan K |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Tang Y., Shih K. and Chan K., Copper Aluminate Spinel in the Stabilization and Detoxification of Simulated Copper-Laden Sludge, Chemosphere. 2010, 80: 275-380. |
| Researcher : Chan KHE |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Au F.T.K., Chan K.H.E., Kwan A.K.H. and Du J., Flexural ductility of prestressed concrete beams with unbonded tendons, Computers and Concrete, An International Journal. Korea, Techno-Press, 2009, 6(6): 451-472. |
| Researcher : Chan SYS |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Zou W., Kumaraswamy M.M., Mahesh G. and Chan S.Y.S., Two sets of External Variables influencing the Partnership Arrangements, Dynamics and Performance levels in PPP projects, In: C.J. Anumba, N.M. Bouchlaghem, J.I. Messner and M.K. Parfitt, 6th International Conference on Innovation in Architecture, Engineering and Construction. UK, Dept. of Civil & Building Engg., Loughborough University, 2010, 725-734. |
| Researcher : Chandler AM |
| Project Title: | Asia-Pacific Vibration Conference '99 Methods for Developing Dynamic Response Spectra for Seismic Design |
| Investigator(s): | Chandler AM |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 12/1999 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| Researcher : Chen H |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Chen H. and Su K.L., Study on fracture behaviors of concrete using electronic speckle pattern interferometry and finite element method, Proceedings of ICCES’10, International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, 28 March-1 April 2010, Las Vegas, USA. Las Vegas, 2010, 77-88. |
| Researcher : Chen J |
| Project Title: | Diagnosing climate change signals from Hong Kong's fine temporal scale weather data |
| Investigator(s): | Chen J |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Germany/Hong Kong Joint Research Scheme |
| Start Date: | 01/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| (1) Understanding the details of weather features through studying fine temporal scale weather data observed in Hong Kong; (2) Detecting any trends of Hong Kong's weather variables, including precipitation, wind speed, temperature and relative humidity, at the temporal scale of one to five minutes recorded by Hong Kong Observatory's automatic weather stations; exploring the climate change signals from Hong Kong's weather trends at the local, regional and global scales using modern techniques of stochastic time series analysis. |
| Project Title: | Experimental and Numerical Studies of the Hydrological Features of Flash Floods in Hong Kong |
| Investigator(s): | Chen J, Peart MR |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| 1. to investigate the roles of basin topography, soil, land cover, and drainage area on flash flood runoff generation, and to explore the effects of antecedent soil moisture and rainfall intensity-area-duration relationships on flash flooding; these will be carried out through analysis of terrestrial features and historical rainfall and water level data related to flash floods at three selected river basins in Hong Kong; 2. to conduct an experimental field study for establishing relationships between rainfall intensity-duration and flash flood hydrographs at a time step in minutes, including investigation of vegetation as an influence upon flood runoff generation; 3. to develop a numerical scheme specifically for simulating flash flood hydrological processes at a time step in minutes by integrating the salient features of both lumped and distributed rainfall-runoff models; 4. to use seasonal rainfall forecasts from the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) and the numerical scheme for predicting flash flood trends at the seasonal scale for alerting the relevant authorities responsible for undertaking flood prevention and mitigation measures; 5. to couple the nowcasting rainstorm forecast system of the HKO with the numerical scheme for forecasting flash floods in real time with an aim to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of flash flood warnings in Hong Kong. |
| Project Title: | Relationship between climate change and rainfall pattern in Hong Kong |
| Investigator(s): | Chen J |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 06/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| The objectives of this proposed study are to examine any changes in local rainfall patterns in Hong Kong, and then to explore the effects of climate change in Hong Kong on the changes of local rainfall patterns. Climate change refers to any long-term significant change in the average weather (including temperature, precipitation and wind patterns) for a given region. In the project, rainfall pattern refers to rainfall duration, rainfall volume, peak rainfall intensity and rainfall hyetograph shape. Since the rainfall pattern will be influenced by the movement of atmospheric water vapor which is one vital factor of influencing climate change, it is expected that the climate change will affect the rainfall pattern significantly (Bates et al., 2008). Furthermore, the understanding of changes of rainfall pattern would be valuable of studying related floods in Hong Kong (Wong, 2006), and therefore this study will be important to evaluate the climate change effects. The study of climate change is important and urgent to our socio-economic sustainability (Tracy et al., 2006). Nevertheless, our understanding of climate change is still limited mostly due to the lack of satisfactory knowledge of the interactions among various aspects of Earth systems which are the context of causes of climate change (Bates et al., 2008). Furthermore, academic exploration of local climate change in Hong Kong has not been sufficient undertaken (Tracy et al., 2006). Especially, the basic research for exploring the effects of climate change on rainfall pattern in Hong Kong, which is specifically vital to Hong Kong for causing severe floods, is not dynamically investigated. Therefore, it is important that we can strengthen our research capability of tackling the relationship between climate change and rainfall pattern in Hong Kong. The details of the major objectives of this proposal are therefore as follows: 1. Understanding the details of weather features through studying fine temporal scale weather data observed in Hong Kong 2. Detecting any trends of Hong Kong’s weather variables, including rainfall, wind speed, temperature and relative humidity, at the temporal scale of five minutes recorded by Hong Kong Observatory’s automatic weather stations 3. Analyzing any changes in rainfall pattern (features), namely rainfall duration, volume, intensity and hyetograph, from Hong Kong fine temporal scale weather data 4. Exploring the relationship between climate change and the changes of rainfall pattern in Hong Kong |
| Project Title: | 2009 AGU Fall Meeting What is the philosophy of modelling soil moisture movement? |
| Investigator(s): | Chen J |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 12/2009 |
| Completion Date: | 12/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| Project Title: | Using remote sensing data to study the relationship between vegetation variation and climate change over South China |
| Investigator(s): | Chen J |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 06/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| Using remote sensing data to study climate change is a frontline and promising research field. However, to the best of my knowledge, HKU far lacks research strength on this subject. Therefore, the main goal of this proposed project is to develop our research strength in the field, with the study of using the remote sensing data to detect the relationship between the biomass change (mainly, vegetation variation) and climate change over the past two decades in South China. Spaceborne remote sensing technology has been widely used to monitor land surface biomass (Frolking et al., 2009). Numerous efforts (e.g., Huete et al., 2002; White et al., 2005; Sims et al., 2006) have been made to understand remote sensing products regarding forest disturbance and recovery, which play a crucial role in the maintenance of biodiversity of local and global ecosystem services (Ozanne et al., 2003; Frolking et al., 2009). Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) records derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) are available for over 25 years (1982-2006). NDVI is the ratio of the difference of the NIR (near infrared) and red band divided by their sum, is often used as a monitoring tool for the vegetation health and dynamics, enabling easy temporal and spatial comparisons (Piao et al., 2003). Since 2000, new opportunities for global monitoring of terrestrial ecosystem are unfolding with the availability of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data (Justice et al., 1998). Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) is the main MODIS vegetation data form. Compare with NDVI, EVI is more sensitive to the variations of canopy structure (Zhang et al., 2004), such as canopy architectures, crown type, vegetation physiognomy and leaf area index (LAI) (Gao et al., 2000). This proposed study uses these two datasets (NDVI from AVHRR, EVI from MODIS) to detect the vegetation variation over South China from 1982 to present. Furthermore, the difference between NDVI and EVI will be explored. In addition, since relationships between vegetation and topographic characteristics are very complex and important (Sharma et al., 2006; White et al., 2005), a data mining method will be used. Finally, the relationship between vegetation variation and climate change will be investigated. The study area is South China, mainly the Pearl River Basin. The details of the major objectives of this proposal are as follows: 1. Application of the remote sensing data to the analysis of vegetation variation 2. Exploration of the topographic and climate impacts factors on vegetation variation 3. Detection of the relationship between climate change and vegetation variation over the past two decades |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Chen J., Niu J. and Sivakumar B., Development of simple runoff models for Hong Kong, WPGM, Taipei. 2010. |
| Chen J., Enhancement of SWAT model, An invited seminar at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. 2009. |
| Chen J. and Wu Y., Enhancement of physical representation in a basin-scale hydrologic model, SWAT, Singapore, AOGS2009. |
| Chen J. and Niu J., High anomaly streamflow in a head water basin of the East River in South China, Hydrology in the 21th Century: Links to the past, and a vision for the future, Steve Burges Retirement Symposium. 2010. |
| Chen J., Integrated physical processes over the East River in South China, An invited seminar at National Taiwan University, Tapei. 2010. |
| Chen J. and Sun L., Land cover change due to 2008 ice storms in southern China, WPGM, Taipei. 2010. |
| Chen J., Observed climate change and urbanization effects from 1960 to 2005 in Southeast China, an invited Seminar delivered in Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. 2009. |
| Chen J., Relationship between vegetation growth and 2008 great ice storm in South China, Singapore, AOGS2009. |
| Chen J., Should we update the physical representation in hydrologic models? , An invited talk at International Symposium on Hydrological Models. 2009. |
| Chen J., Water resources security in Hong Kong, an invited Seminar delivered in National University of Singapore. 2009. |
| Chen J. and Wu Y., What is the philosophy of modeling soil moisture movement?, AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco. 2009. |
| Chen J., Where is the direction of future hydrologic modeling? , WPGM, Taipei. 2010. |
| Li Q., Zhang H., Chen J., Li W., Liu X. and Jones P., A mainland China homogenized historical temperature dataset of 1951–2004, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 2009, 90: 1062-1065. |
| Li Q. and Chen J., Investigation of urban land use change and anthropogenic heat effect on temperature change by WRF model in Guangzhou-Shenzhen, South China, PRAGMA 18, San Diego. 2010. |
| Li Q. and Chen J., Observational and modeling study of urban effect on weather variables in Guangzhou-Shenzhen, South China, AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco. 2009. |
| Li Q. and Chen J., Urban effect investigation on climate change by statistical analysis and WRF model, PRAGMA 17, Hanoi, Vietnam. 2009. |
| Li T., Wang G. and Chen J., A modified binary tree codification of drainage networks to support complex hydrological models, Computers and Geosciences. 2010. |
| Niu J. and Chen J., Dominant variability in terrestrial hydrological processes over the Pearl River basin in southern China, AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco. 2009. |
| Niu J. and Chen J., Terrestrial hydrological features of the Pearl River basin in southern China, Journal of Hydro-environmental Research . 2010. |
| Wu Y. and Chen J., Simulation of nitrogen and phosphorus loads in the Dongjiang River basin in South China using SWAT, Frontiers of Earth Science in China. Higher Education Press, co-published with Springer-Verlag Gm, 2009, 3: 273-278. |
| Researcher : Chen PJ |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Zhang S., Li X.Y. and Chen P.J., An XPS study for mechanisms of arsenate adsorption onto a magnetite-doped activated carbon fiber, Hournal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2010, 343: 232-238. |
| Zhang S., Li X.Y. and Chen P.J., Preparation and evaluation of a magnetite doped activated carbon fiber for enhanced arsenic removal, Carbon. 2010, 48: 60-67. |
| Researcher : Chen W |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Chen W., Sun F., Wang X. and Li X.Y., A membrane bioreactor for an innovative biological nitrogen removal process, Water Science and Technology. 2010, 61(3): 671-676. |
| Chen W., Wong S.C., Shu C.W. and Zhang P., Front tracking algorithm for the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards traffic flow model with a piecewise quadratic, continuous, non-smooth, and non-concave fundamental diagram, International Journal of Numerical Analysis and Modeling. Alberta, Canada, Institute for Scientific Computing and Information, 2009, 6: 562-585. |
| Su M...N., Chan H...M., Chan I...H., Chen W., Chow C...H., Fong Y...M., Fung W...C. and Zhang T., Estimation of greenhouse gas emission and carbon footprint of sewage treatment plants, Young Water Talents symposium. June 28, 2010, Singapore. . 2010. |
| Researcher : Chen W |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Chen W., Sun F., Wang X. and Li X.Y., A membrane bioreactor for an innovative biological nitrogen removal process, Water Science and Technology. 2010, 61(3): 671-676. |
| Chen W., Wong S.C., Shu C.W. and Zhang P., Front tracking algorithm for the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards traffic flow model with a piecewise quadratic, continuous, non-smooth, and non-concave fundamental diagram, International Journal of Numerical Analysis and Modeling. Alberta, Canada, Institute for Scientific Computing and Information, 2009, 6: 562-585. |
| Su M...N., Chan H...M., Chan I...H., Chen W., Chow C...H., Fong Y...M., Fung W...C. and Zhang T., Estimation of greenhouse gas emission and carbon footprint of sewage treatment plants, Young Water Talents symposium. June 28, 2010, Singapore. . 2010. |
| Researcher : Cheng B |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Cheng B. and Su K.L., An experimental study of strengthening of deep concrete coupling beams with bolted steel plate, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Advances in Steel Structures, 16-18 December 2009, Hong Kong. China, The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, 2009, 1: 584-591. |
| Cheng B. and Su K.L., Numerical studies of retrofitted deep coupling beams by lateral restrained steel plate, Proceedings of ICCES’10, International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences. Las Vegas, 2010, 956. |
| Su K.L., Siu W.H., Zhu Y., Cheng B. and Wang L., Strengthening of reinforced concrete structures by bolted steel plates, Proceedings of The IStructE Asia Pacific Forum on Sustainability & Excellence in Structural Engineering, 10-11 June 2010, Shanghai, China. Shanghai, 2010, 59-73. |
| Researcher : Cheng MH |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Su K.L. and Cheng M.H., Earthquake induced shear concentration in shear walls above transfer structures, The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings. Chichester, U.K., John Wiley & Sons, 2009, 18(6): 657-671. |
| Researcher : Cheng SP |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Zhang X., Wu B., Zhang Y., Zhang T., Yang L.Y., Fang H.H.P., Ford T. and Cheng S.P., Class 1 integronase gene and tetracycline resistance genes tetA and tetC in different water environments of Jiangsu Province, China, Ecotoxicology. 2009, 18(6): 652-660. |
| Researcher : Cheng TYW |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Cheng T.Y.W., Soo K.L., Kumaraswamy M.M. and Wu J., Are there ways to ensure fair and prompt payment? , Journal of the Hong Kong Electrical Contractors Association. Hong Kong, Hong Kong Electrical Contractors Association, 2009, 14: 124-230. |
| Cheng T.Y.W., Soo K.L., Kumaraswamy M.M. and Wu J., Security of Payment for Hong Kong Construction Industry , Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Management, Procurement and Law. London, UK, Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) UK, 2010, 163, Issue 1: 17–28. |
| Researcher : Cheng Y |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Liu J., Cheng Y., Li R.F. and Au F.T.K., A semi-analytical method for bending, buckling, and free vibration analyses of sandwich panels with square-honeycomb cores, International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics. Singapore, World Scientific, 2010, 10(1): 127-151. |
| Researcher : Cheuk JCY |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Zhou Y., Cheuk J.C.Y. and Tham L.G., An embedded bond-slip model for finite element modelling of soil-nail interaction, Computers and Geotechnics. Elsevier, 2009, 36: 1090-1097. |
| Zhou Y., Cheuk J.C.Y. and Tham L.G., Deformation and crack development of a nailed loose fill slope subjected to water infiltration, Landslides. Springer, 2009, 6. |
| Zhou Y., Cheuk J.C.Y., Xu K. and Tham L.G., Effect of surface and sub-surface infiltration on the behaviour of loose fill slopes, the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Millpress Science Publishers, 2009. |
| Researcher : Cheung YK |
| Project Title: | 16th Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials Vibrations of Laminated Rectangular Plates with Intermediate Line Supports |
| Investigator(s): | Cheung YK |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 12/1999 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Du J., Au F.T.K., Cheung Y.K. and Kwan A.K.H., OVM Paper Award for Prestressing 2009 (Class 1) of China Civil Engineering Society for the paper “J.S. Du, F.T.K. Au, Y.K. Cheung and A.K.H. Kwan, Ductility Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Beams with Unbonded Tendons, Engineering Structures, Volume 30, Issue 1, 13-21, 2008”, 第三届欧维姆优秀预应力论文奖一等奖（中国土木工程学会北京詹天佑土木工程科学技术发展基金会欧维姆预应力技术发展专项基金; 2009; 杜进生，区达光，张佑启，关国雄，无粘结预应力混凝土梁的延性分析), 2009. |
| Jiang R., Au F.T.K., Cheung Y.K. and Zheng D.Y., A general finite strip for the analysis of folded plates, Paper 229, abstract, 457-458, In: Walid Tizani, Proceedings of the International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, 30 June – 2 July 2010, Nottingham, UK. Nottingham, Nottingham University Press, 2010, 7 pages. |
| Zhou D., Cheung Y.K., Lo S.H. and Au F.T.K., Three-dimensional vibration analysis of prisms with isosceles triangular cross-section, Archive of Applied Mechanics. New York, Springer, 2010, 80(6): 699-710. |
| Researcher : Chi S |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Jia Y., Chi S., Yang J. and Lin G., Measurement of breakage energy of coarse granular aggregates, Rock and Soil Mechanics. 2009, 30(7): 1960-1966. |
| Researcher : Choi DKW |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Lai C.C.K., Lee J.H.W. and Choi D.K.W., Mixing of Inclined Dense Jet Discharges, Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Estuaries and Coasts. Sendai, Japan, 2009, CD-ROM. |
| Lee J.H.W., Wong K.T.M., Choi D.K.W. and Arega Woldemariam F., A post-operation audit of the Tai Hang Tung Storage Scheme, In: George C. Christodoulou & Anastasios I. Stamou, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Environmental Hydraulics. CRC Press/Balkema, 2010, 1: 27-37. |
| Mao J., Lee J.H.W. and Choi D.K.W., The extended Kalman filter for forecast of algal bloom dynamics, Water Research. Elsevier, 2009, 43: 4214-4224. |
| Thoe W., Wong H.C., Choi D.K.W. and Lee J.H.W., Daily Forecasting of Coastal Beach Water Quality, Proceedings of 17th IAHR-APD Congress. Auckland, New Zealand, 2010, USB. |
| Researcher : Choi YL |
| Project Title: | Theory of R.C. failure under a small vibrating load |
| Investigator(s): | Choi YL |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Other Funding Scheme |
| Start Date: | 07/1998 |
| Abstract: |
| To develop a theory to explain this new failure mechanisms and predict the failure conditions; to develop practical applications. |
| Researcher : Chung KHJ |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Chung K.H.J., Kumaraswamy M.M. and Palaneeswaran E., Improving Megaproject Briefing through enhanced Collaboration with ICT, Automation in Construction. UK, Elsevier, 2009, 8, No. 7: 966-974. |
| Chung K.H.J., Kumaraswamy M.M. and Palaneeswaran E., Improving Megaproject Briefing through enhanced Collaboration with ICT, Automation in Construction. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 2009, 18, No. 7: 966-974. |
| Zou W., Kumaraswamy M.M. and Chung K.H.J., The Role of Informal Relationships in Strengthening Partnerships between Public and Private Sectors, International Conference on Global Innovation in Construction. UK, Loughborough University, 2009, 144-153. |
| Researcher : Dai B |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Yang J. and Dai B., Fabric anisotropy of granular materials: a microscale modeling, Proceedings of the 16th US National Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Pennsylvania, USA. 2010. |
| Researcher : Du J |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Au F.T.K., Chan K.H.E., Kwan A.K.H. and Du J., Flexural ductility of prestressed concrete beams with unbonded tendons, Computers and Concrete, An International Journal. Korea, Techno-Press, 2009, 6(6): 451-472. |
| Du J. and Au F.T.K., Estimation of ultimate stress in external FRP tendons, Proceedings of ICE, Structures and Buildings. London, Thomas Telford, 2009, 162(SB4): 213-220. |
| Du J., Au F.T.K., Cheung Y.K. and Kwan A.K.H., OVM Paper Award for Prestressing 2009 (Class 1) of China Civil Engineering Society for the paper “J.S. Du, F.T.K. Au, Y.K. Cheung and A.K.H. Kwan, Ductility Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Beams with Unbonded Tendons, Engineering Structures, Volume 30, Issue 1, 13-21, 2008”, 第三届欧维姆优秀预应力论文奖一等奖（中国土木工程学会北京詹天佑土木工程科学技术发展基金会欧维姆预应力技术发展专项基金; 2009; 杜进生，区达光，张佑启，关国雄，无粘结预应力混凝土梁的延性分析), 2009. |
| Researcher : Ekambaram P |
| Project Title: | A pilot study on establishing knowledge based rework tracking-cum-management systems for effective management of construction projects |
| Investigator(s): | Ekambaram P, Kumaraswamy MM, Ng TST |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 07/2004 |
| Abstract: |
| To identify the significant rework items in the Hong Kong construction industry at present and to categorize them meaningfully for effective management; to identify the root causes of those significant rework items, for developing a structured rework tracing methodology; to study various research initatives, industry wide practices and innovative approaches for developing a knowledgebase on effective rework control and management; to develop some sample structured-cum-standardized frameworks for tracing and quantifying/measuring the major rework items; to develop a pilot prototype rework tracking system for effective rework control and management; to develop a research proposal for a large scale integrated study encompassing the broader aspects of controlling and managing defects, wastages and rework in construction projects. |
| Project Title: | PICK-SMART-An integrated source selection system for construction procurement |
| Investigator(s): | Ekambaram P, Ng TST, Kumaraswamy MM |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2007 |
| Abstract: |
| Refer to hardcopy |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Ng T.S.T., Tang Z. and Ekambaram P., Factors contributing to the success of equipment-intensive subcontractors in construction, International Journal of Project Management. Elsevier, 2009, 27(7): 736-744. |
| Researcher : Fan YC |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Fan Y.C., Ng T.S.T. and Wong J.M.W., Reliability of the Box-Jenkins model for forecasting construction demand during economic austerity, Construction Management and Economics. 2010, 28(3): 241-254. |
| Researcher : Fang HHP |
| Project Title: | Ninth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium (SARDINIA 2003) Ozonation with Hydrogen Peroxide for a Leachate Pre-treated with UASB and Fenton Coagulation |
| Investigator(s): | Fang HHP |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 10/2003 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| Project Title: | Photo-biohydrogen production from acidified wastewater |
| Investigator(s): | Fang HHP |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2005 |
| Abstract: |
| To develop an effective photo-bioreactor system; to determine the optimal operational conditions for the selected pure phototrophs and for mixed cultures; to develop the two-stage process by integrating acidogenic and phototrophic processes; to correlate the reactor performance to the microbial population and characteristics in the photo-bioreactors using 16S rDNA/RNA-based techniques. |
| Project Title: | Immobilization of acidogenic biomass for hydrogen production from wastewater |
| Investigator(s): | Fang HHP, Zhang T |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2006 |
| Abstract: |
| The main objectives of this project are (1) To improve the acidogenic hydrogen production efficiency and process stability using the biomass immobilization technology; (2) To develop polymeric pellets of optimal physico-chemical stability for biomass immobilization; (b) To characterize substrate diffusivity in polymer pellets, and hydrogen-producing activity of immobilized biomass; (c) To determine effects of operational conditions on biohydrogen production rates; (d) To correlate characteristics immobilized biomass with the biohydrogen production activities; and (e) To evaluate the response of immobilized biomass against concentration, temperature and pH shock. |
| Project Title: | The 16th Annual AEHS Meeting & West Coast Conference on Soils, Sediments and Water Chemical Characteristics of an Anthrogenic Marine Sediment and Its Biogas Production Potential |
| Investigator(s): | Fang HHP |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 03/2006 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| Project Title: | Bioremediation of contaminated marine sediment by denitrification |
| Investigator(s): | Fang HHP, Leung KMY, Zhang T |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 10/2008 |
| Abstract: |
| 1. To determine the optimal denitrification condition for the effective removal of PAHs in contaminated marine sediments. Denitrification efficiency is affected by operational parameters, including nutrient and surfactant. The most important objective of this study is to determine the optimal conditions of these parameters for the effective removal of PAHs in sediment. This will provide engineering guidance for the cleanup of contaminated marine sediment and for the healthy development of coastal ecosystem in the region. 2. To determine the degrees of reduction of sediment toxicity by denitrification. The ultimate objective of this study is to reduce the sediment toxicity by degrading the toxic organic pollutant PAHs, via denitrification. Thus, once the optimal denitrification condition has been identified, the toxicity of the treated sediment will be evaluated using selected bacteria, invertebrates, in series of designed experiments. 3. To characterize and quantify the denitrifying bacteria responsible for the decontamination of sediment. Denitrifying bacteria are crucial in bioremediation. Thus, understanding their characteristics and quantifications in sediment is essential for the effective engineering application of this remediation process. The key denitrifying bacteria responsible for the removal of PAHs will be identified using the DNA-based techniques, including PCR (polymerase chain reaction), DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis), cloning-sequencing, and qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR). |
| Project Title: | Environmental Bio-Nano Interface (EBNI) Characterization System |
| Investigator(s): | Fang HHP, Li XY, Zhang T, Shih K |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | UGC One-off Special Equipment Grant Scheme |
| Start Date: | 12/2008 |
| Abstract: |
| 1) Study of membrane biofouling in water and wastewater treatment, including investigation into the fouling mechanism and the microstructure of deposited biofilm. 2) Development of novel eco-materials and characterization of their nanostructures for environmental applications, including nanoscale properties of eco-materials and their long-term environmental impact on living things. 3) Investigation of particle transport dynamics in natural waters and water and wastewater treatment systems. |
| Project Title: | Biohydrogen production from cellulose-containing wastewater |
| Investigator(s): | Fang HHP, Zhang T |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| 1) To optimize biohydrogen production operated under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions: Process parameters for two reactors operated under mesophilic (37oC) and thermophilic (55oC) conditions will be optimized for biohydrogen production from a cellulose-containing wastewater. Key process parameters to be optimized for both temperatures will include pH, cellulose concentration and organic loading rate; 2) To produce biohydrogen from a cellulose-rich effluent: Biohydrogen will be produced from a cellulose-rich effluent in a continuous upflow reactor under the optimum process conditions identified; 3) To isolate and characterize the dominant species in the reactor operated under the optimal condition using DNA-based methods: Dominant microbial species in the reactors operated under the optimal conditions will be identified and characterized for their cellulose hydrolytic activities and biohydrogen producing properties. |
| Project Title: | 20th International Conference on Soils, Sediment, Water and Energy and AEHS Foundation Annual Meeting Metal speciation from a marine sediment by autotrophic denitrification |
| Investigator(s): | Fang HHP |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 03/2010 |
| Completion Date: | 03/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Fang H.H.P., Anaerobic treatment of phenolic wastewater (Invited Speech), International Workshop on Strategy for Anaerobic Biotechnology, Xian, China, November 23-27, 2009. |
| Fang H.H.P., Applications of anaerobic technology in Asia (Invited Speech), International Workshop on Strategy on Anaerobic Digestion: An Old Story for Today and Tomorrow, Narbonne, France, December 8-12, 2009. |
| Fang H.H.P., Metal speciation from a marine sediment by autotrophic denitrification, 20th Annual AEHS Meeting on Soils, Sediments and Water, San Diego, California, March 14-19, 2010. |
| Fang H.H.P., Recent development of anaerobic technology in Asia (Invited Speech), Environmental Science and Engineering Seminars, Shanghai, May 10, 2010. |
| Fang H.H.P., Use of P-17 and NOX specific primer sets for assimiliable organic carbon (AOC) measurements, 13th Mainland-Taiwan Environmental Protection Conference, Chongqing, China, April 23-27, 2010. |
| Fang H.H.P., ed., Environmental Anaerobic Technology. London, Imperial College Press, 2010, 404 pages. |
| Li B., Zhang T., Xu Z. and Fang H.H.P., Rapid analysis of 21 antibiotics of multiple classes in municipal wastewater using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry , Analytica Chimica Acta. 2009, 645(1-2): 64-72. |
| Li R. and Fang H.H.P., Heterotrophic photo fermentative hydrogen production, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 2009, 39(12): 1081-1108. |
| Liang D.W. and Fang H.H.P., Anaerobic treatment of phenolic wastewater (Invited speech), 6th International Symposium on Environmental Anaerobic Technologies, Hong Kong, November 12-13, 2009. |
| Liang D.W. and Fang H.H.P., Anaerobic treatment of phenolic wastewater, Environmental Anaerobic Technology. London, Fang, H. H. P. ed. Imperial College Press, 2010, Chapter 9, 185-205. |
| Lu X., Zhang T. and Fang H.H.P., Effect of two non-ionic surfactants on anoxic biodegradation of PAHs in marine sediment., 6th International Conference on Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology. May 31 to June 3, 2010, Hong Kong. . 2010. |
| Shao M., Zhang T. and Fang H.H.P., Chemolithotrophic denitrification in nitrate-induced anoxic marine sediment remediation and isolation of AST-10 a novel Thiomicrospira denitrificans-like bacterial strain, FEMS 2009. June 28 - July 2, 2009, Gothenburg, Sweden. . 2009. |
| Shao M., Zhang T. and Fang H.H.P., Autotrophic denitrification and its effect on metal speciation during marine sediment remediation., Water Research. 2009, 43(12): 2961-2968. |
| Zhang M., Zhang T., Shao M. and Fang H.H.P., Autotrophic denitrification in nitrate-induced marine sediment remediation and Sulfurimonas denitrificans-like bacteria , Chemosphere. 2009, 76(5): 677-682. |
| Zhang X., Wu B., Zhang Y., Zhang T., Yang L.Y., Fang H.H.P., Ford T. and Cheng S.P., Class 1 integronase gene and tetracycline resistance genes tetA and tetC in different water environments of Jiangsu Province, China, Ecotoxicology. 2009, 18(6): 652-660. |
| Researcher : Fei Y |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Fei Y. and Li X.Y., Sediment organic diagenesis and its impact on the adsorption of selected EDCs and antibiotics on marine sediment, 6th International Conference on Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology, Hong Kong. Hong Kong, 2010. |
| Researcher : Feng R |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Feng R. and Young B., Design of Concrete-Filled Stainless Steel Tubular Connections, Advances in Structural Engineering. 2010, 13: 471-492. |
| Feng R. and Young B., Tests of Concrete-filled Stainless Steel Tubular X-joints, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Steel Concrete Composite and Hybrid Structures. UK, 2009, 605-612. |
| Researcher : Feng W |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Feng W., Su K.L., Liu J.X. and Li S.Y., Fracture analysis of bounded magnetoelectroelastic layers with interfacial cracks under magnetoelectromechanical loads: plane problem, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures. Thousand Oaks, California, Sage Publications, 2010, 21(6): 581-594. |
| Feng W. and Su K.L., The most cited articles published between 2004 and 2008 , The International Journal of Solids and Structures. Oxford, U.K., Elsevier, 2009. |
| Researcher : Fung WS |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Kwan A.K.H. and Fung W.S., Packing density measurement and modelling of fine aggregate and mortar, Cement and Concrete Composites. 2009, 31(6): 349-357. |
| Kwan A.K.H., Fung W.S. and Wong H.C., Reducing drying shrinkage of concrete by treatment of aggregate, Magazine of Concrete Research. 2010, 62(6): 435-442. |
| Kwan A.K.H., Fung W.S. and Wong H.C., Water film thickness, flowability and rheology of cement-sand mortar, Advances in Cement Research. 2010, 22(1): 3-14. |
| Researcher : Gu Y |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Gu Y., Yeung A.T. and Li H.J., EDTA-enhanced electrokinetic extraction of cadmium from a natural clay of high buffer capacity, In: Y. Chen, X. Tang, and L. Zhan, Advances in Environmental Geotechnics, Proc., International Symposium on Geoenvironmental Engineering. Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Zhejiang University Press, 2009, 790-795. |
| Gu Y., Yeung A.T., Koenig A. and Li H., Effects of chelating agents on the zeta potential of cadmium-contaminated natural clay, Separation Science and Technology. 2009, 44(10): 2203-2222. |
| Gu Y. and Yeung A.T., Enhanced electrokinetic extraction of cadmium from natural clay by citric acid industrial wastewater (CAIW), In: Gordon C.C. Yang, Scientific Advances and Innovative Applications in Electrokinetic Remediation, Proc., the 9th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation, Kaohsiung. 2010, 29-30. |
| Researcher : He Y |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Shih K., Tang Y., Wang Y., He Y. and Jiang X., Stabilized Nickel Phases via Aluminum- and Iron-Rich Ceramic Precursors., The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Asia/Pacific Annual Meeting, Guangzhou, China.. 2010. |
| Researcher : Heung MK |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Yang J., Sze H.Y. and Heung M.K., Effect of initial static shear on cyclic behavior of sand, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Alexandria, Egypt. 2009. |
| Researcher : Ho JCM |
| Project Title: | Second Order Inelastic Analysis of Slender High-Strength Reinforced Concrete Columns |
| Investigator(s): | Ho JCM, Pam HJ |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 03/2008 |
| Completion Date: | 09/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| Key Issue and Problems: • Most of the current international and local design codes for concrete structures require the design of slender RC columns to include an additional moment, which depends on axial compression and column deflection. Nevertheless, the column deflection is derived from second-order elastic analysis prior to the formation of plastic hinge. If this method is employed to sustain without damage the earthquake load or traffic impact load, the resulting design would be uneconomical and the size of column would become unrealistically large. • To deal with the design under earthquake or traffic impact, the performance-based design approach needs to be adopted which takes into account the substantial loss in column’s load carrying capacity due to inelastic column deflection after plastic hinge has formed. There is currently no design provision for either this inelastic column deflection or the loss in column load carrying capacity in design codes. As a result, the dependable post-elastic behaviour of slender RC columns cannot be predicted. • Although many codes give guidelines on the length of plastic hinge region and the required amount of extra confinement steel within this region for designing earthquake resistant structures, those specifications are suitable for short RC columns only. No similar design provision is specified for slender RC columns. • Currently, there is no other simplified method for inelastic design of RC slender columns unless going through a second-order inelastic analysis with a presumed length of plastic hinge region. The process is time consuming in the sense of day-to-day practical design work carried out by structural engineers. Objectives: • Investigate both analytically and experimentally the loss in secondary moment due to inelastic deflection in slender RC columns based on the results of plastic hinge length obtained by both PI and Co-I in their previous research project (RGC No. 7012/98E). • Write a computational programme using second-order analysis to evaluate the inelastic column deflection of RC slender columns and hence the loss in load-carrying capacity due to secondary moment. • Compare the theoretical deflections obtained from the second-order inelastic analysis with those from the experimental test results to verify the theoretical results and precision of the programme. • Investigate experimentally the effects of the loss in secondary moment on flexural ductility in the post-elastic stage. • Both Co-Is have extensive experience in conducting experimental tests on normal- and high-strength reinforced concrete members, data acquisition and analysis of test results. The PI has been co-operating with the one of the Co-Is in the previous experimental research project regarding limited ductility design of high-strength concrete non-slender columns. He will be working closely with both the Co-Is for the development of theoretical programme based on second-order inelastic analysis. A part time Research Assistant or a undergraduate student RA will be employed during the project period. He/She will be responsible for the test set-up, data acquisition and analyses. |
| Project Title: | Uni-axial stress-strain behaviour of high-strength concrete-filled-steel-tube columns |
| Investigator(s): | Ho JCM |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 12/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| The shortage of land and expanding population have increased the demand of tall buildings in Hong Kong. Currently, high-strength concrete (HSC) is a common construction material for columns of tall buildings because of higher strength and stiffness. However, HSC is more brittle than normal-strength concrete (NSC). Therefore, HSC columns need to be provided with better confinement to avert any mode of brittle failure. To improve the confining effect and hence ductility and safety of HSC columns, composite HSC filled steel tube (HSCFST) columns are advocated herein. From safety point of view, they are characterised by higher strength, ductility and energy absorption before failure, which give collapse warning during earthquake attack and accidental impact. From cost effectiveness point of view, the steel tubes are the formwork for concrete placing. It saves the cost of formwork and reduces the construction cycle considerably. From environmental point of view, the size of HSCFST columns could be 10 to 30% smaller than that of HSC columns due to steel and concrete composite action. Hence, they utilise less concrete and cement, and thereby reducing the construction and demolition waste. Also, the floor area saved is always beneficial to the developers, architects and engineers. Notwithstanding the numerous benefits, most previous researches were conducted on NSC filled steel tube (NSCFST) columns and relatively few on HSCFST columns. From a series of research conducted by the PI on confined HSC columns, it was found that the confinement is less effective in improving the ductility of HSC columns than in NSC columns. This would indicate that the confining pressure provided by the steel tube in HSCFST columns could be less effective than that in NSC filled steel tube (NSCFST) columns, and hence the ductility improvement. Evidently, the flexural behaviour of HSCFST columns should be different from that of NSCFST columns, and their analysis and design methods should be separated. However, the flexural behaviour of HSCFST columns has not been well studied in the past and the existing design rules were derived previously based on NSCFST columns, which should not be used for designing HSCFST columns. To improve the understanding of the behaviour of HSCFST columns, the PI would conduct a detailed strength and ductility analyses of HSCFST columns in this research by carrying out a series of uni-axial compression tests. It is believed that the experimental data obtained in this study on HSCFST columns would be very useful in the future development of a set of performance-based design for HSCFST columns in terms of strength and ductility. Objectives: 1. To improve the understanding of the flexural behaviour of HSCFST columns through carrying out a series of experimental tests. 2. To develop a uni-axial stress-strain curve for HSCFST columns with concrete cylinder strength up to 100 MPa. 3. To verify the applicability of the proposed uni-axial stress-strain curve with other available experimental results on HSCFST specimens subjected to axial load with or without bending. |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Ho J.C.M., Lam Y.K. and Kwan A.K.H., Effectiveness of adding confinement for ductility improvement of high-strength concrete columns, In: Prof S. Kitipornchai, Engineering Structures. 2010, 32: 714-725. |
| Ho J.C.M., Lam Y.K. and Kwan A.K.H., Flexural ductility and deformability of concrete beams incorporating high-performance materials, The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings. UK, 2010, doi:10.1002/tal.579. |
| Ho J.C.M. and Kwan A.K.H., Improving flexural ductility of high-strength concrete columns, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings. 2009, 503-512. |
| Ho J.C.M., Limited ductility design of reinforced concrete columns for tall buildings in low to moderate seismicity regions, Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings. UK, 2010, doi:10.1002/tal.610. |
| Lam Y.K., Ho J.C.M. and Kwan A.K.H., Flexural ductility of high-strength concrete columns with minimal confinement, Materials and Structures. UK, Springer Netherlands, 2009, 42: 909-921. |
| Lam Y.K., Ho J.C.M. and Kwan A.K.H., Maximum axial load level and minimum confinement for ductility design of concrete columns, In: Prof Chang-Koon Choi, Computers and Concrete. Korea, Techno Press, 2009, 6(5): 357-376. |
| Lam Y.K., Ho J.C.M. and Kwan A.K.H., Minimum flexural ductility design of high-strength concrete columns, Transactions, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (awarded HKIE Outstanding Paper Award for Young Engineers/Researchers 2009). 2009, 16(4): 2-9. |
| Lam Y.K., Ho J.C.M. and Kwan A.K.H., Minimum flexural ductility of high-strength concrete columns, Transactions of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers. 2009, 16(4): 1-8. |
| Pam H.J. and Ho J.C.M., Effects of steel lap splice locations on strength and ductility of reinforced concrete columns, In: Prof J.G. Teng, Advances in Structural Engineering. UK, Multi-Science Publishing Co Ltd, 2009, 13(1): 199-214. |
| Pam H.J. and Ho J.C.M., Length of critical region for confinement steel in limited ductility high-strength reinforced concrete columns, In: Prof S. Kitipornchai, Engineering Structures. NY, USA, Elsevier, 2009, 31: 2896-2908. |
| Peng J., Ho J.C.M., Pam H.J. and Wong Y.L., Concrete compressive stress distribution of RC members subjected to flexure, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings. 2009, 527-537. |
| Researcher : Huang J |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Huang J., Su K.L. and Lee Y.Y., Nonlinear analysis of forced responses of an axially moving beam by incremental harmonic balance method, The Second International Symposium on Computational Mechanics and in conjunction with The Twelfth International Conference on the Enhancement and Promotion of Computational Methods in Engineering and Science, 30 November to 3 December 2009, Hong Kong and Macao. 2009. |
| Huang J., Su K.L. and Chen S.H., Precise Hsu’s method for analyzing the stability of periodic solutions of multi-degrees-of-freedom systems with cubic nonlinearity, Computers and Structures. New York, NY, ScienceDirect, 2009, 87(23-24): 1624-1630. |
| Researcher : Jayawardena AW |
| Project Title: | Civil and Environmental Engineering Conference - New Frontiers and Challenges Comparison of Two Dem Generation Methods on the Geomorphological Hydrological Information |
| Investigator(s): | Jayawardena AW |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 11/1999 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| Project Title: | A hybrid approach for modelling and predicting non-linear hydrological/environmental systems |
| Investigator(s): | Jayawardena AW |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Small Project Funding |
| Start Date: | 11/2002 |
| Abstract: |
| To develop hybrid techniques by extracting the optimal features of know methods for modelling and predicting hydrological/environmental systems. |
| Researcher : Jiang R |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Au F.T.K., Lou P., Li J., Jiang R., Leung C.Y.C., Lee P.K.K., Wong K.Y. and Chan H.Y., Simulation of Vibrations of Ting Kau Bridge due to Vehicular and Environmental Loading, Invited Paper, In: H. Xia and H. Takemiya, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Environmental Vibrations: Prediction, Monitoring, Mitigation and Evaluation (ISEV2009), Beijing, China, 28-30 October 2009. Beijing, Science Presss, 2009, II: 1109-16. |
| Jiang R., Au F.T.K., Cheung Y.K. and Zheng D.Y., A general finite strip for the analysis of folded plates, Paper 229, abstract, 457-458, In: Walid Tizani, Proceedings of the International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, 30 June – 2 July 2010, Nottingham, UK. Nottingham, Nottingham University Press, 2010, 7 pages. |
| Researcher : Jin T |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Jin T., Zhang T. and Yan Q., Characterization and quantification of ammonia-oxidizing Archaea (AOA) and Bacteria (AOB) in a nitrogen-removing reactor using T-RFLP and qPCR, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2010, 87: 1167-1176. |
| Zhang T., Jin T., Ye L. and Qian P...Y., AOA and AOB in sewage treatment plants, laboratory reactors and estuary sediments, Proceedings of 13th Cross-Strait Environmental Technology Conference. April 24-25, 2010, Chong Qing, China. . 2010. |
| Researcher : Kim SJ |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Kim S.J. and Smith S.T., Behaviour of handmade FRP anchors under tensile load in uncracked concrete, Advances in Structural Engineering. 2009, 12: 845-865. |
| Kim S.J. and Smith S.T., Pullout strength models for FRP anchors in uncracked concrete, Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE. 2010, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000097. |
| Kim S.J. and Smith S.T., Shear strength and behaviour of FRP spike anchors in cracked concrete, In: D.J. Oehlers, M.C. Griffith and R. Seracino, Proceedings (CD Rom), Ninth International Symposium on Fiber Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures, FRPRCS-9, Sydney, Australia, 13-15 July,. 2009. |
| Kim S.J. and Smith S.T., Strengthening of RC slabs with large penetrations using anchored FRP composites, In: J.S. Sim, Proceedings, Second Asia-Pacific Conference on FRP in Structures, APFIS 2009, Seoul, Korea, 9-11 December,. 2009, 111-116. |
| Smith S.T., Kim S.J. and Zhang H., Behavior and effectiveness of FRP wrap in the confinement of large concrete cylinders, Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE. 2010, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000119. |
| Smith S.T. and Kim S.J., Calculation of deflection of FRP-strengthened RC slabs using a tri-linear moment-curvature relationship, In: S. Halliwell and C. Whysall, Proceedings, Advanced Composites in Construction Conference, ACIC 2009, Edinburgh, UK, 1-3 September,. 2009, 239-249. |
| Smith S.T. and Kim S.J., Deflection calculation of FRP-strengthened RC flexural members, Australian Journal of Structural Engineering. 2010, Online (February): 1-12. |
| Smith S.T. and Kim S.J., Testing of large concrete cylinders confined with FRP, Proceedings, Third Congress of the International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib), Washington, D.C., USA, 29 May - 2 June,. 2010, CD Rom. |
| Researcher : Koenig A |
| Project Title: | Eighth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium SARDINIA 2001 Vane Shear Strength of Hong Kong Dewatered Sludge and its Implication for Landfilling |
| Investigator(s): | Koenig A |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 10/2001 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Gu Y., Yeung A.T., Koenig A. and Li H., Effects of chelating agents on the zeta potential of cadmium-contaminated natural clay, Separation Science and Technology. 2009, 44(10): 2203-2222. |
| Researcher : Kumaraswamy MM |
| Project Title: | Leveraging logistical advantages through technology exchange in construction joint ventures |
| Investigator(s): | Kumaraswamy MM, Lo VHY, Ng TST |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Small Project Funding |
| Start Date: | 11/2002 |
| Abstract: |
| To investigate both enablers and barriers to: (a) achieving meaningful technology transfers within construction JVs, and (b) harnessing potential logistical advantages from appropriately pooled JV resources; to develop models and assess the potential for: (a) empowering TE through more meaningful integration of multiple capacities, and (b) thereby deriving critical logistical advantages. |
| Project Title: | 'Relationally integrated value networks' for boosting construction industry developments |
| Investigator(s): | Kumaraswamy MM, Rowlinson SM |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2006 |
| Abstract: |
| The objectives of this project are to: (1) verify the root causes of shortfalls in the envisaged gains in construction project, organisational and industry performance levels; (2) design a sound conceptual framework, realistic strategies and guidelines to supplant presently fragmented and sub-optimal approaches, by specifically: (2a) designing a suite of basic procurement structures to assemble roles, responsibilities and relationships - for fostering trust and optimising project value streams; (2b) developing core protocols for organisational learning, knowledge management and holistic technology transfers, including to SMEs in the value network; (2c) formulating evaluation tools for assessing gains e.g. in improved logistics, reduced wastage and optimised value-cost trade-offs. |
| Project Title: | Global Innovation in Construction Conference 2009 The Role of Informal Relationships in Strengthening Partnerships between Public and Private Sectors |
| Investigator(s): | Kumaraswamy MM |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 09/2009 |
| Completion Date: | 09/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| Project Title: | Evaluating 'Construction Industry Development' programmes in Hong Kong, Singapore and UK |
| Investigator(s): | Kumaraswamy MM |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 11/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| 1) To ascertain and evaluate against their original objectives, the outcomes from the implementation of the construction industry performance improvement programmes in Hong Kong, Singapore and the UK since 2001, 1999 and 1998 respectively; 2) To assess the respective roles of government agencies and the private sector including professional and trade bodies, in the implementation of the advocated reforms; 3) To compare the institutional characteristics of the construction industries in Hong Kong, Singapore and the UK, and the extent to which these characteristics influenced the implementation of the above reforms; 4) To draw lessons from these three implementation programmes for future construction industry improvements in each jurisdiction/ context; 5) To develop a research agenda in support of ongoing efforts to realise improvements in the construction industries of the three jurisdictions, and potentially, also in other similar jurisdictions; 6) To present specific recommendations tailored to each jurisdiction/ context, for the development of appropriate performance metrics and targets, with particular emphasis on sustainable monitoring and continuing improvements. |
| Project Title: | ‘Management of Infrastructure Rehabilitation, Redevelopment or Revitalisation’ - ‘MIRROR’ |
| Investigator(s): | Kumaraswamy MM, Rowlinson SM, Mahesh G |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 06/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| A. PURPOSE Both academia and industry (including public and private sectors) are clearly lagging behind, in addressing rapidly growing demands generated by the significant shift from building new infrastructure, to revitalising existing and often ageing physical infrastructure. These include repairing, rehabilitating and redeveloping or reviving infrastructure such as bridges, roads, water supply and distribution systems, as well as residential and industrial buildings, hospitals, schools and cultural facilities. This seismic shift in work demands from the construction industry has arisen in two stages: (1) a gradual but inexorable increase over the last decade, as most new infrastructure needs had been already met in developed countries, while ageing infrastructure ‘cried out’ for renewal and regeneration, rather than demolition and disposal; and (2) the sudden surge propelled by the 2008 financial tsunami where Governments in many countries pumped massive funds into infrastructure redevelopment, in order to jump-start stalled economies. Strategic management and project management structures, protocols and approaches in both public and private sectors are already struggling to cope with this ‘new’ more complex redevelopment type work for which they are ill-prepared, given that their training and experience has hitherto focused mostly on ‘new-build’. This research project is designed to address the above shortfalls by setting the scene with an in-depth investigation of specific shortcomings and real needs, followed by the formulation of a well-structured and sustainable agenda for developing much-needed new strategies, skill-sets and mind-sets for managing ‘3R projects’. B. KEY ISSUES AND PROBLEMS BEING ADDRESSED As indicated above, both construction researchers and industry practitioners have previously focused mostly on ‘new-build’ infrastructure project management with a little, albeit growing attention to maintenance and operation, and more broadly asset management of existing infrastructure e.g. when the dismal state of bridge maintenance in many countries is sporadically spotlighted after some tragic collapses. Infrastructure ‘new-build’ projects are complex in themselves, hence warranting attention. However, increasing demands for ‘Rehabilitation, Redevelopment or Revitalisation’ (3R) of existing infrastructure introduces new levels of complexities and dynamics. To meet these demands, managerial strategies, approaches and attitudes must change in all sub-sectors e.g. when planning operations on ‘brownfield’ rather than ‘greenfield’ construction sites, including building amidst operating systems such as rail or vehicular traffic, utility services that cannot be disrupted etc. For example, such scenarios can neither sustain the ‘build & go’ mentalities of some contractors, nor less attention to life-cycle and sustainability issues by some designers. Those engaged in 3R projects will also be more likely to incorporate sustainability features into their designs and construction, to cater for the next cycle of 3R, given lessons learned from problems they encounter on the present project. Taking the case of Hong Kong, indicators of such major shifts, that trigger the above issues and problems are for example: basic sectoral statistics that confirm the shift from greenfield projects towards rehabilitation, redevelopment and maintenance works. Such works (categorized as construction at locations other than sites by the HK Dept. of Statistics) rose from 28% of all works in 2000, to 51% in 2008 – as in http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hong_kong_statistics/statistical_tables/index.jsp?htmlTableID=104&excelID=&chartID=&tableID=104&ID=&subjectID=7> Specific problems/ tasks needing urgent solutions/ attention include: (a) designing flexible project management frameworks that are more decentralised, and responsive to multiple stake-holder needs; (b) formulating planning and programme-control protocols that take into account the many more risks and variables in ‘3R project’ scenarios; (c) devising comprehensive public engagement approaches that minimise project disruptions, given the many real-time public & end-user interfaces, unlike in ‘new-build’ projects; (d) a step-change in the gradual evolution of infrastructure procurement and delivery arrangements, along with faster decision-making and problem-solving mechanisms that are more critical in 3R projects, e.g. with more collaborative working arrangements/ teamworking, such as in ‘partnering’ and ‘alliancing’, in turn based on relational contracting, specifically developed to extend ‘beyond’ some ‘new build’ scenarios where they are proving valuable e.g. as in http://www.hku.hk/cicid/3_events/88/88_ppt.pdf Since somewhat different needs are expected in 3R projects in different sub-sectors e.g. railway works, roads & bridges, or office complexes, a common set of approaches to the above issues will need to be supplemented by specific ‘add-on’ techniques and tools to be deployed in some important (in a Hong Kong context) sub-sectors. C. OBJECTIVES Specific objectives are to: 1. Investigate and identify the specific characteristics and challenges of ‘3R projects’ (for ‘Rehabilitation, Redevelopment or Revitalisation’ of physical infrastructure), as against those for constructing new infrastructure; that would warrant special consideration by Project Managers in general (including overseas) 2. Unveil the special risks, typical performance criteria and critical success factors for ongoing and forthcoming ‘3R projects’ in Hong Kong 3. Assess the potential for traditional infrastructure project management strategies, techniques and tools to effectively and efficiently handle forthcoming ‘3R projects’ in Hong Kong; and identify any shortcomings thereof 4. Develop a framework for (and examples of) potentially useful management strategies and techniques, organisational and contractual structures, and managerial skill-sets and mind-sets needed to address the shortcomings identified in Objective 3, as well as to achieve the performance levels identified in Objective 2 above 5. Formulate a well-structured RD&D (Research Development and Dissemination) agenda, including detailed objectives, research plan and methodology in respect of the items identified in Objective 4 above. |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Cheng T.Y.W., Soo K.L., Kumaraswamy M.M. and Wu J., Are there ways to ensure fair and prompt payment? , Journal of the Hong Kong Electrical Contractors Association. Hong Kong, Hong Kong Electrical Contractors Association, 2009, 14: 124-230. |
| Cheng T.Y.W., Soo K.L., Kumaraswamy M.M. and Wu J., Security of Payment for Hong Kong Construction Industry , Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Management, Procurement and Law. London, UK, Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) UK, 2010, 163, Issue 1: 17–28. |
| Chung K.H.J., Kumaraswamy M.M. and Palaneeswaran E., Improving Megaproject Briefing through enhanced Collaboration with ICT, Automation in Construction. UK, Elsevier, 2009, 8, No. 7: 966-974. |
| Chung K.H.J., Kumaraswamy M.M. and Palaneeswaran E., Improving Megaproject Briefing through enhanced Collaboration with ICT, Automation in Construction. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 2009, 18, No. 7: 966-974. |
| Dulaimi M.F., Al Hashemi M., Ling F.Y.Y. and Kumaraswamy M.M., The execution of public private partnership projects in the UAE , Construction Management and Economics. London, UK, Taylor & Francis, 2010, 28: 393-402. |
| Enshassi A., Al-Najjar J. and Kumaraswamy M.M., Delays and Cost Overruns in the construction projects in the Gaza Strip, Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction. England, Emerald, 2009, 14, No. 2: 126-151. |
| Enshassi A., Kumaraswamy M.M. and Al-Najjar J., Significant Factors Causing Time and Cost Overruns in Construction Projects in the Gaza Strip: Contractors' Perspective, The International Journal of Construction Management, Hong Kong, China, Chinese Research Institute of Construction Management, 2010, 10, No. 1: 35-60. |
| Kumaraswamy M.M., Anvuur A.M. and Smyth H.J., Best Paper Award for paper entitled: Super-charging supply chains - through 'relational integration' for 'overall value' at International Conference on ‘Changing Roles: New Roles, New Challenges’,, In: Wamelink, H., Prins, M. and Geraedts, R., Facilities Journal published by Emerald Group. Netherlands, TU Delft Faculty of Architecture, Real Estate & Housing, 2009, 397-408. |
| Kumaraswamy M.M., Ofori G., Mahesh G., Teo E., Tjandra I. and Wong K.W.K., Construction Industry Improvement Initiatives: Are We Really Translating Rhetoric into Reality?, In: R. Rameezdeen, S. Senaratne and Y.G. Sandanayake, International Research Conference on Sustainability in Built Environment. Sri Lanka, BEMRU, Univ. of Moratuwa, 2010, 116-125. |
| Kumaraswamy M.M., Editorial Advisory Board Member, Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. Bradford, UK, Emerald, 2009. |
| Kumaraswamy M.M., Editorial Advisory Board Member, Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. Bradford, UK, Emerald, 2009. |
| Kumaraswamy M.M., Editorial Advisory Board Member, Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. Bradford, UK, Emerald, 2009. |
| Kumaraswamy M.M., Editorial Board Member, electronic journal of 'Information Technology in Construction'. IT Con, 2009. |
| Kumaraswamy M.M., Member, Editorial Advisory Board, International Journal of Managing Projects in Business. UK, Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., 2010. |
| Kumaraswamy M.M., Member, Editorial Board, Automation in Construction. UK, Elsevier, 2009. |
| Kumaraswamy M.M., Member, Editorial Board, Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems. UK, Taylor & Francis, 2009. |
| Kumaraswamy M.M., Specialty Editor, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. Reston, USA, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. |
| Kumaraswamy M.M., Anvuur A.M. and Smyth H.J., Super-charging supply chains - through 'relational integration' for 'overall value, In: Wamelink, H., Prins, M. and Geraedts, R., International conference on ‘Changing Roles: New Roles, New Challenges’, 5-9 Oct., Rotterdam, The Netherlands.. Netherlands, TU Delft Faculty of Architecture, Real Estate & Housing, 2009, 397-408. |
| Kumaraswamy M.M., ‘Bridging ‘Knowledge Gaps’ in Construction Project Management: in Academic Research, in Industry Development; and between Research and Development’, Research Seminar, National University of Singapore. 2010. |
| Kumaraswamy M.M., ‘Chickens or Eggs; and Missing Links’, International Keynote Speech, “International Conference on Construction Research Funding in the XXI Century: A Partnership between Academia, Industry, and the Public Sector”, sponsored by the National Science Foundation, the International Development Grant Program at the University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign), and the Worldwide Universities Network. Urbana, Illinois, USA,, 2009. |
| Kumaraswamy M.M., ‘Project Management Research at HKU – selected Thrusts for potential Synergies', Inter-University ProMaRC Research Forum II (with NUS S’pore, Loughborough Univ. UK, UTM Malaysia and HKU Hong Kong), National University of Singapore. 2010. |
| Mahesh G. and Kumaraswamy M.M., Co-opetition or Convenient Coalitions? – JV’s for Indian Airports redevelopment in the context of the Infrastructure Sector, In: Kiyoshi Kobayashi, Khairuddin Abdul Rashid, George Ofori and Stephen Ogunlana, Multi-national Joint Ventures for Construction in Asia. London, UK, Thomas Telford, 2009, 62-67. |
| Mahesh G., Kumaraswamy M.M., Wong K.W.K. and Xie H., Framework to Maximise Building Stock ‘Utility Life’ and ‘Whole Life Value’, In: R. Rameezdeen, S. Senaratne and Y.G. Sandanayake, International Research Conference on Sustainability in Built Environment. Sri Lanka, BEMRU, Univ. of Moratuwa, 2010, 134-140. |
| Soo K.L., Kumaraswamy M.M. and Wu J., Exploratory Study of Measures for securing Payment to Contractors: The International Landscape, International Law Review. Wuhan, Wuhan University Press, 2010, 10: 27-41. |
| Soo K.L., Kumaraswamy M.M., Ng T.S.T. and Ling F.Y.Y., Role-playing for Group Learning of Law in Engineering and Construction Programmes’, ASCE Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction. USA, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009, 1, No. 4: 169-172. |
| Wan K.M., Kumaraswamy M.M. and Liu D.T.S., Contributors to Construction Debris from Electrical & Mechanical Work in Hong Kong Infrastructure Projects , Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. USA, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009, 135, No. 7: 637-646. |
| Wong K.W.K., Kumaraswamy M.M., Mahesh G. and Ng T.S.T., Improving the image and sustainability of the Hong Kong construction industry through societal engagement for balanced infrastructure Development, Proceedings: 16th International Sustainable Development Research Conference, May 30 - June 1, The Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, Hong Kong. Hong Kong, The University of Hong Kong, 2010, 574-582. |
| Yang Y., Pam H.J. and Kumaraswamy M.M., Framework Development of Performance Prediction Models for Concrete Bridges, Journal of Transportation Engineering. USA, ASCE, 2009, 135, No. 8: 545-554. |
| Zou W. and Kumaraswamy M.M., Game theory based understanding of dynamic relationships between public and private sectors in PPPs, In: A. Dainty, 25th Annual Conference of Association of Researchers in Construction Management . UK, Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 2009, 197-205. |
| Zou W., Kumaraswamy M.M. and Chung K.H.J., The Role of Informal Relationships in Strengthening Partnerships between Public and Private Sectors, International Conference on Global Innovation in Construction. UK, Loughborough University, 2009, 144-153. |
| Zou W., Kumaraswamy M.M., Mahesh G. and Chan S.Y.S., Two sets of External Variables influencing the Partnership Arrangements, Dynamics and Performance levels in PPP projects, In: C.J. Anumba, N.M. Bouchlaghem, J.I. Messner and M.K. Parfitt, 6th International Conference on Innovation in Architecture, Engineering and Construction. UK, Dept. of Civil & Building Engg., Loughborough University, 2010, 725-734. |
| Researcher : Kwan AKH |
| Project Title: | Reducing the drying shrinkage of concrete by pre-treating the aggregate |
| Investigator(s): | Kwan AKH |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 09/2007 |
| Completion Date: | 02/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| (1) To study the shrinkage characteristics of different types of rock used as aggregate for concrete. (2) To study the effects of the initial moisture condition on the shrinkage characteristics of different types of rock. (3)To explore the possibility of applying different kinds of pre-treatment, such as pre-drying, impregnation with water repellent and impregnation with polymer emulsion, to reduce the shrinkage of rock. (4) To explore the feasibility of pre-treating the rock aggregate before use to keep the pores inside the aggregate as dry as possible during concreting so as to reduce the shrinkage of concrete. (5) To develop a concrete shrinkage model that takes into account the shrinkage characteristics of the rock aggregate used. |
| Project Title: | Performance and robustness of self-consolidating concrete |
| Investigator(s): | Kwan AKH |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 10/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| 1) To study the combined effects of various mix parameters, including the particle size distribution, water content, superplasticizer dosage and viscosity modifying admixture, on the performance (i.e. the workability, passing ability, filling ability and segregation stability) of self-consolidating concrete so as to develop a scientific method for optimum mix design of self-consolidating concrete; 2) To study the combined effects of various mix paramters on the robustness (i.e. the ability to maintain the required performance standard when subjected to small variations in the various mix parameters) of self-consolidating concrete using the proposed measure of robustness so as to improve the quality control during the production of self-consolidating concrete; 3) To investigate how the packing density and excess fine particles (the amount of fine particles in excess of that needed to fill voids) would affect the performance and robustness of self-consolidating concrete so as to establish the packing density and excess fine particles as major design criteria for concrete mix design; 4) To investigate how the water film thickness and viscosity modifying admixture would affect the workability and cohesiveness of self-consolidating concrete so as to establish these parameters as major design criteria for concrete mix design; 5) To promote more and better use of self-consolidating concrete so as to improve the quality, productivity and environmental friendliness of concrete construction. |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Au F.T.K., Chan K.H.E., Kwan A.K.H. and Du J., Flexural ductility of prestressed concrete beams with unbonded tendons, Computers and Concrete, An International Journal. Korea, Techno-Press, 2009, 6(6): 451-472. |
| Du J., Au F.T.K., Cheung Y.K. and Kwan A.K.H., OVM Paper Award for Prestressing 2009 (Class 1) of China Civil Engineering Society for the paper “J.S. Du, F.T.K. Au, Y.K. Cheung and A.K.H. Kwan, Ductility Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Beams with Unbonded Tendons, Engineering Structures, Volume 30, Issue 1, 13-21, 2008”, 第三届欧维姆优秀预应力论文奖一等奖（中国土木工程学会北京詹天佑土木工程科学技术发展基金会欧维姆预应力技术发展专项基金; 2009; 杜进生，区达光，张佑启，关国雄，无粘结预应力混凝土梁的延性分析), 2009. |
| Ho J.C.M., Lam Y.K. and Kwan A.K.H., Effectiveness of adding confinement for ductility improvement of high-strength concrete columns, In: Prof S. Kitipornchai, Engineering Structures. 2010, 32: 714-725. |
| Ho J.C.M., Lam Y.K. and Kwan A.K.H., Flexural ductility and deformability of concrete beams incorporating high-performance materials, The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings. UK, 2010, doi:10.1002/tal.579. |
| Ho J.C.M. and Kwan A.K.H., Improving flexural ductility of high-strength concrete columns, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings. 2009, 503-512. |
| Kwan A.K.H. and Fung W.S., Packing density measurement and modelling of fine aggregate and mortar, Cement and Concrete Composites. 2009, 31(6): 349-357. |
| Kwan A.K.H., Fung W.S. and Wong H.C., Reducing drying shrinkage of concrete by treatment of aggregate, Magazine of Concrete Research. 2010, 62(6): 435-442. |
| Kwan A.K.H., Au F.T.K., Wong H.C. and Ng P.L., Shrinkage of Hong Kong granite aggregate concrete, Magazine of Concrete Research. London, Thomas Telford, 2010, 62(2): 115-126. |
| Kwan A.K.H., Fung W.S. and Wong H.C., Water film thickness, flowability and rheology of cement-sand mortar, Advances in Cement Research. 2010, 22(1): 3-14. |
| Lam Y.K., Ho J.C.M. and Kwan A.K.H., Flexural ductility of high-strength concrete columns with minimal confinement, Materials and Structures. UK, Springer Netherlands, 2009, 42: 909-921. |
| Lam Y.K., Ho J.C.M. and Kwan A.K.H., Maximum axial load level and minimum confinement for ductility design of concrete columns, In: Prof Chang-Koon Choi, Computers and Concrete. Korea, Techno Press, 2009, 6(5): 357-376. |
| Lam Y.K., Ho J.C.M. and Kwan A.K.H., Minimum flexural ductility design of high-strength concrete columns, Transactions, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (awarded HKIE Outstanding Paper Award for Young Engineers/Researchers 2009). 2009, 16(4): 2-9. |
| Lam Y.K., Ho J.C.M. and Kwan A.K.H., Minimum flexural ductility of high-strength concrete columns, Transactions of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers. 2009, 16(4): 1-8. |
| Lam Y.K., Ng P.L. and Kwan A.K.H., Tension stiffening in concrete beams. Part 2: section and member analysis, Proceedings, Institution of Civil Engineers, Structures and Buildings. 2010, 163, No.SB1: 29-39. |
| Ng P.L., Lam Y.K. and Kwan A.K.H., Tension stiffening in concrete beams. Part 1: FE analysis, Proceedings, Institution of Civil Engineers, Structures and Buildings. 2010, 163, No.SB1: 19-28. |
| Researcher : Kwong AKL |
| Project Title: | Design of Stability Improvement Works for Slope 7NE-C/C45 Central Avenue, CUHK |
| Investigator(s): | Kwong AKL |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Campus Development Office, The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Start Date: | 04/2005 |
| Abstract: |
| To undertake a rock slope upgrading design and supervision of the work. |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Kwong A.K.L. and Chan H.M., The Use of Instrumentation to Back Analyze Rock Mass Modulus During a Cavern Construction in Hong Kong, Proceeding of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt. 2009. |
| Xu L., Dai F.C., Kwong A.K.L., Min H. and Xu C., Application of IKONOS image in detection of loess landslide at Heifangtai, Journal of Remote Sensing. 2009. |
| Xu L., Dai F.C., Kwong A.K.L. and Tu X.B., Study on loess landslide types and topographic features at south Jingyang Plateau, China, Journal of Earth Science. 2009. |
| Yeung A.T., So T.C., Kwong A.K.L., Tham L.G. and Zhao W.B., Field-scale constructability evaluation of underwater vacuum preloading, Geomechanics and Geoengineering: An International Journal. 2009, 4(3): 245-252. |
| Researcher : Lai CCK |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Lai C.C.K., Lee J.H.W. and Choi D.K.W., Mixing of Inclined Dense Jet Discharges, Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Estuaries and Coasts. Sendai, Japan, 2009, CD-ROM. |
| Researcher : Lai CKC |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Lai C.K.C., Lee J.H.W., Lam K.M., ZHANG C. and TANG H., DIGITAL SIMULATION OF DOMINANT EDDIES OF A CO-FLOWING JET, ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES AND HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 1-6. 2009, 618-623. |
| Researcher : Lam KM |
| Project Title: | Flow regimes of vortex pattern around a circular cylinder oscillating in water |
| Investigator(s): | Lam KM |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2006 |
| Abstract: |
| The objectives of this project are: (1) To carry out detailed investigation of the flow and vortex patterns around a circular cylinder oscillating in water at a wide range of Keulegan-Carpenter (KC) number. (2) To obtain time-resolved velocity and vorticity fields of the flow with particle-image velocimetry (PIV). (3) To study the effect of a uniform flow stream on the flow and vortex patterns of an oscillating circular cylinder. |
| Project Title: | Wind effects on residential tall buildings with deep re-entrant bays |
| Investigator(s): | Lam KM |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2008 |
| Abstract: |
| (1) To measure the aerodynamic moments of tall building models of H-shaped sections with parametric variations of dimensions of the re-entrant bays. (2) To investigate the effect of re-entrant bays on wind-induced dynamic responses of residential tall buildings. (3) To measure and compute wind-induced flow patterns inside re-entrant bays of residential tall buildings and interaction with external wind flow |
| Project Title: | Hydraulics of Horizontal Sediment-Laden Jet |
| Investigator(s): | Lam KM, Lee JHW |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 09/2008 |
| Abstract: |
| 1. To measure the flow of jet effluent and sediment particles in sediment-laden jets of different concentrations and to investigate the interaction between sediment movement and jet flow. 2. To investigate the fall-out and deposition patterns of sediments from a sediment-laden jet through flow and particle measurements on different sections of the jet and on the deposition bed. 3. To develop an integral or numerical model for the behavior of sediment-laden jets. |
| Project Title: | 11th UK National Heat Transfer Conference Periodic air and pollutant exchanges in street canyons under the combined effects of wind and buoyancy |
| Investigator(s): | Lam KM |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 09/2009 |
| Completion Date: | 09/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Lai C.K.C., Lee J.H.W., Lam K.M., ZHANG C. and TANG H., DIGITAL SIMULATION OF DOMINANT EDDIES OF A CO-FLOWING JET, ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES AND HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 1-6. 2009, 618-623. |
| Researcher : Lam YK |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Ho J.C.M., Lam Y.K. and Kwan A.K.H., Effectiveness of adding confinement for ductility improvement of high-strength concrete columns, In: Prof S. Kitipornchai, Engineering Structures. 2010, 32: 714-725. |
| Ho J.C.M., Lam Y.K. and Kwan A.K.H., Flexural ductility and deformability of concrete beams incorporating high-performance materials, The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings. UK, 2010, doi:10.1002/tal.579. |
| Lam Y.K., Ho J.C.M. and Kwan A.K.H., Flexural ductility of high-strength concrete columns with minimal confinement, Materials and Structures. UK, Springer Netherlands, 2009, 42: 909-921. |
| Lam Y.K., Ho J.C.M. and Kwan A.K.H., Maximum axial load level and minimum confinement for ductility design of concrete columns, In: Prof Chang-Koon Choi, Computers and Concrete. Korea, Techno Press, 2009, 6(5): 357-376. |
| Lam Y.K., Ho J.C.M. and Kwan A.K.H., Minimum flexural ductility design of high-strength concrete columns, Transactions, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (awarded HKIE Outstanding Paper Award for Young Engineers/Researchers 2009). 2009, 16(4): 2-9. |
| Lam Y.K., Ho J.C.M. and Kwan A.K.H., Minimum flexural ductility of high-strength concrete columns, Transactions of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers. 2009, 16(4): 1-8. |
| Lam Y.K., Ng P.L. and Kwan A.K.H., Tension stiffening in concrete beams. Part 2: section and member analysis, Proceedings, Institution of Civil Engineers, Structures and Buildings. 2010, 163, No.SB1: 29-39. |
| Ng P.L., Lam Y.K. and Kwan A.K.H., Tension stiffening in concrete beams. Part 1: FE analysis, Proceedings, Institution of Civil Engineers, Structures and Buildings. 2010, 163, No.SB1: 19-28. |
| Researcher : Lam YK |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Ho J.C.M., Lam Y.K. and Kwan A.K.H., Effectiveness of adding confinement for ductility improvement of high-strength concrete columns, In: Prof S. Kitipornchai, Engineering Structures. 2010, 32: 714-725. |
| Ho J.C.M., Lam Y.K. and Kwan A.K.H., Flexural ductility and deformability of concrete beams incorporating high-performance materials, The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings. UK, 2010, doi:10.1002/tal.579. |
| Lam Y.K., Ho J.C.M. and Kwan A.K.H., Flexural ductility of high-strength concrete columns with minimal confinement, Materials and Structures. UK, Springer Netherlands, 2009, 42: 909-921. |
| Lam Y.K., Ho J.C.M. and Kwan A.K.H., Maximum axial load level and minimum confinement for ductility design of concrete columns, In: Prof Chang-Koon Choi, Computers and Concrete. Korea, Techno Press, 2009, 6(5): 357-376. |
| Lam Y.K., Ho J.C.M. and Kwan A.K.H., Minimum flexural ductility design of high-strength concrete columns, Transactions, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (awarded HKIE Outstanding Paper Award for Young Engineers/Researchers 2009). 2009, 16(4): 2-9. |
| Lam Y.K., Ho J.C.M. and Kwan A.K.H., Minimum flexural ductility of high-strength concrete columns, Transactions of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers. 2009, 16(4): 1-8. |
| Lam Y.K., Ng P.L. and Kwan A.K.H., Tension stiffening in concrete beams. Part 2: section and member analysis, Proceedings, Institution of Civil Engineers, Structures and Buildings. 2010, 163, No.SB1: 29-39. |
| Ng P.L., Lam Y.K. and Kwan A.K.H., Tension stiffening in concrete beams. Part 1: FE analysis, Proceedings, Institution of Civil Engineers, Structures and Buildings. 2010, 163, No.SB1: 19-28. |
| Researcher : Lau TY |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Lau T.Y. and Yue Q.Z.Q., Refinements on drilling process monitor (DPM) for soil nailing in landslip prevention of Hong Kong, Proceedings of the 3rd Int. Geotechnical Engineering Symposium on Disaster Prevention and Reduction, IGS2009, July 22-24, 2009, Harbin, China. 2009, 223-230. |
| Researcher : Law CMC |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Law C.M.C. and Li X.Y., Best Student Poster Award (to Cecilia M.C. Law, an MPhil student under the supervison of X.Y. Li) , 6th IWA/GRA Specialised Conference on Assessment and Control of Micropollutants/Hazardous Substances in Water, San Francisco, CA, USA. San Francisco, CA, USA, 2010. |
| Law C.M.C., Li X.Y. and Li Q.L., The combined colloid-organic fouling on nanofiltration membrane for wastewater treatment and reuse, Separation Science and Technology. 2010, 45: 935-940. |
| Researcher : Law MCC |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Law M.C.C., Li X.Y. and Li Q.L., Combined colloid-organic fouling on NF membrane for wastewater treatment and reuse, 5th IWA Specialised Membrane Technology Conference (IWA-MTC) for Water and Wastewater Treatment, Beijing, China. Beijing, China, 2009. |
| Researcher : Lee C |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Wang Y.P., Lee C., Chen Y.H. and Su K.L., Damage localization of frame structures using seismic acceleration response data, Proceedings of the 6th Cross-Strait Workshop on Engineering Mechanics, 22-23 May 2010, Taipei, Taiwan. Taiwan, 2010, 6. |
| Researcher : Lee CF |
| Project Title: | Research and information centre for landslip prevention and land development |
| Investigator(s): | Lee CF, Law KT |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | The Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust |
| Start Date: | 10/1998 |
| Abstract: |
| To provide Hong Kong with strong technical support and a comprehensive source of information for improving slope safety and developing land in Hong Kong; to promote the professional service capacity of Hong Kong and mainland China and gain world recognition in the area of slope safety. |
| Project Title: | Independent review of use of non-destructive testing in quality control in soil nailing works |
| Investigator(s): | Lee CF, Yeung AT, Tham LG |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Civil Engineering and Development Department - General Award |
| Start Date: | 06/2006 |
| Abstract: |
| To review and appraise the use of non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques to assess the quality of soil nailing works; to formulate a framework for application of NDT techniques for quality control of Landslip Preventive Measures (LPM) soil nailing works; to asess the suitability of Time Domain Reflectometry method and other NDT techniques for use under the framework and recommend how the techniques should be used. |
| Researcher : Lee JHW |
| Project Title: | Hydroinformatics 2000 - Fourth International Conference on Hydroinformatics Two-layer Dynamic Eutrophication Model of Tolo Harbour |
| Investigator(s): | Lee JHW |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 07/2000 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| Project Title: | Project Amoy - Investigating the transmission routes of the large SARS outbreak in Amoy Gardens |
| Investigator(s): | Lee JHW, Leung YC, Lam HN, Chan ATY, Chan LS, Ho PL, Hui SCM, Leung MKH, Li Y |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | VCO SARS Research Fund |
| Start Date: | 07/2003 |
| Abstract: |
| To further analyze the correlation between the dosage and infection pattern in the Amoy Gardens for major infected blocks and flats using computational fluid dynamics as well as multi-zone air flow and thermal modelling; to develop mathematical and statistical models for analyzing the infection pattern in the Amoy Gardens; to carry out a case-control study in the Amoy Gardens for Blocks E, B, C and D. |
| Project Title: | Laboratory of Environmental Hydraulics |
| Investigator(s): | Lee JHW, Lam KM, Jayawardena AW, Li XY, Yu D, Kuang C, Yeh PJ, Choi DKW |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | CAS - Croucher Funding Scheme for Joint Laboratories |
| Start Date: | 11/2003 |
| Abstract: |
| To provide a scientific backbone on studying and solving the problems of deteriorated ecology in Hong Kong. |
| Project Title: | Hydraulics of bottom rack intakes for supercritical storm flow diversion |
| Investigator(s): | Lee JHW, Yu D, Choi DKW |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2007 |
| Abstract: |
| (1) A bottom rack is a hydraulic structure provided at the bottom of a river channel to divert water and to exclude the passage of coarse sediment. Bottom racks are used for water supply, hydroelectric power, or flood control. The intercepted flow in the underlying bottom rack chamber is complex, three-dimensional, and significantly affected by air entrainment. In particular, there has hitherto been no systematic study of the hydraulics of bottom rack intakes for supercritical upstream flows. Currently there is no rational basis for the design of such bottom intakes.(2) The objective of this project is to carry out a comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigation of the hydraulics of bottom rack intakes. The research consists of: 1) Experimental study of the flow field above the bottom rack and in the rack chamber for a supercritical upstream flow: Experiments will be carried out for a representative set of inflow channel and bottom rack slopes, chamber geometries, and a range of discharge flows. In addition to the study of head-discharge relation and the minimum length of bottom rack required, the flow characteristics (e.g. flow stability and threshold for surcharge) will also be observed. The depth, velocity, and air concentration in the turbulent flow will be measured at key cross-sections. 2) Numerical modeling of the two-phase flow in the bottom rack chamber using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method: The turbulence model will be calibrated and validated against the flow and air-concentration measurements; key performance characteristics will be examined in a parametric study to derive design guidelines.(3) specifically, we aim to obtain a better understanding of the turbulent flow field inside the bottom rack, including the flow penetration through the rack bars, the air entrainment of the falling jet, and the stability of the induced flow in the chamber. A robust prediction method of the flow and performance characteristics of the bottom rack for supercritical upstream flows will be developed. The interaction of the chamber flow with the flow in the link channel to a vortex inlet will also be studied.(4) This basic research is engendered by a recent physical model study of a proposed large urban flood control scheme in Hong Kong. Bottom rack intakes can be used in steep upstream catchments to divert the fast moving storm flow into a vortex drop shaft and tunnel for eventual discharge to the sea. As these intakes are located in proximity to residential areas (often of premium land value), the design needs to be reasonably compact; stable and efficient flow diversion must be achieved in the bottom rack chamber and the linkage to the vortex inlet. And yet there is currently insufficient knowledge about the hydraulics of such bottom rack structures; intake design has to rely on ad hoc and time consuming physical model studies. 5 This project is especially relevant to densely populated Asian cities where urban flooding problems are becoming increasingly important due to urbanization and global climate change. The use of compact bottom rack intakes in hilly terrain to divert the storm flow upstream of the urban areas can be an economic and environmentally friendly flood control alternative. This project will result in: (i) an original data set of such air-water flows in bottom rack structures for supercritical flow diversion; (ii) an improved capability in the numerical modeling of such complex two-phase flows; and (iii) better design guidelines and tools to optimize the performance of bottom rack intakes. |
| Project Title: | Mixing of Dense Jet in a Current |
| Investigator(s): | Lee JHW, Choi DKW, Yu D |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2009 |
| Completion Date: | 11/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| 1. Understanding dense jet mixing mechanism through comprehensive experimental study: Experiments will be carried out for representative set of jet densimetric Froude number and discharge angle, ambient current and bed slope. Given limited theories and experimental data on the flowing ambient condition, the experimental study will be focused on the dense jet behavior in a flowing ambient. In addition to the jet mixing in the near field (before jet impingement), the mixing behavior in the intermediate field after jet impingement on the bottom boundary will be studied. The concentration distribution and turbulence characteristics will be measured. The interaction of the jet with the spreading density current and its effect on the initial dilution will be investigated. 2. Development of a predictive model for dense jet mixing: Predictions of a Lagrangian near field jet model (VISJET/JETLAG) developed by the University of Hong Kong will be compared with the experimental data. The mixing characteristics in the intermediate field will be studied using three-dimensional numerical models. 3. Specifically we aim to obtain a better understanding of near field trajectory and concentration distribution of dense jet in stagnant and flowing ambient, the mixing processes and interaction in near and intermediate field including re-entrainment of diluted fluid, and behavior of density current after the impingement through comprehensive experiments. A prediction tool of trajectory and dilution of jet, and distribution of density current in intermediate field will be developed and verified against experimental data. |
| Project Title: | Fluid Mechanics of Tangential Vortex Intakes |
| Investigator(s): | Lee JHW |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 09/2009 |
| Completion Date: | 11/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| 1) Vortex flow measurement in scroll and tangential vortex intakes: detailed velocity, air-core and pressure measurements will be performed using non-intrusive Laser-based methods; 2) Development of vortex intake theory: based on the experimental observations, a general theory will be developed to predict the head-discharge relation and air-core size. The theoretical investigation will be supplemented by 3D numerical model computations. The theory will be used for the analysis and design of vortex intakes. |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Lai C.C.K., Lee J.H.W. and Choi D.K.W., Mixing of Inclined Dense Jet Discharges, Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Estuaries and Coasts. Sendai, Japan, 2009, CD-ROM. |
| Lai C.K.C., Lee J.H.W., Lam K.M., ZHANG C. and TANG H., DIGITAL SIMULATION OF DOMINANT EDDIES OF A CO-FLOWING JET, ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES AND HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 1-6. 2009, 618-623. |
| Lee J.H.W., Wong K.T.M., Choi D.K.W. and Arega Woldemariam F., A post-operation audit of the Tai Hang Tung Storage Scheme, In: George C. Christodoulou & Anastasios I. Stamou, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Environmental Hydraulics. CRC Press/Balkema, 2010, 1: 27-37. |
| Lee J.H.W., Associate Editor, China Ocean Engineering. Chinese Ocean Engineering Society, 2010. |
| Lee J.H.W., Associate Editor, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. |
| Lee J.H.W., Distinguished IAHR-APD Membership Award, The Asian and Pacific Regional Division of International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research. 2010. |
| Lee J.H.W., Editor in Chief , Journal of Hydro-environment Research. Elsevier, 2010. |
| Lee J.H.W., Member , International Editorial Board, Ecological Informatics. Elsevier, 2010. |
| Lee J.H.W., Member, International Editorial Board, Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science. Elsevier, 2010. |
| Lee J.H.W., Review Board, International Journal of Sediment Research, Member, Elsevier, 2010. |
| Lee J.H.W., Tang H.W., Wang W.P., Li Y. and Cheung V., State Science and Technology Awards, Second Prize, 2010, Ministry of Science and Technology, China. 2010. |
| Lui G.C.S., Li W.K. and Lee J.H.W., Ensemble Kalman filter with nonlinear updating equation , Research Report. Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, HKU, 2010, 468: 1-31. |
| Mao J., Lee J.H.W. and Choi D.K.W., The extended Kalman filter for forecast of algal bloom dynamics, Water Research. Elsevier, 2009, 43: 4214-4224. |
| Thoe W., Wong H.C., Choi D.K.W. and Lee J.H.W., Daily Forecasting of Coastal Beach Water Quality, Proceedings of 17th IAHR-APD Congress. Auckland, New Zealand, 2010, USB. |
| Wai T.C., Leung K.M.Y., Wu S.S., Shin P.K.S., Cheung S.G., Li X.Y. and Lee J.H.W., Stable isotope and fatty acid profile as effective tools for diagnosing environmental impact of open-sea-cage fish farm wastes, In: T C Wai1, K M Y Leung1, R S S Wu1, P K S Shin2, S G Cheung2, X Y Li3, J H W Lee3 , The 6th international Conference on Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology, 31 May-3 June 2010, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. 2010. |
| Wai T.C., Leung K.M.Y., Wu S.S., Shin P.K.S., Cheung S.G., Li X.Y. and Lee J.H.W., Stable isotope and fatty acid profile as effective tools for diagnosing environmental impact of open-sea-cage fish farm wastes, the SETAC Asia/Pacific 2010 Meeting, held during 4-7 June 2010 at Guangzhou, China. 2010. |
| Xu J., Yin K., Ho A.Y.T., Lee J.H.W., Anderson D.M. and Harrison P.J., Nutrient limitation in Hong Kong waters inferred from comparison of nutrient ratios, bioassays and 33P turnover times, Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2009. |
| Researcher : Lee PKK |
| Project Title: | International conference on slope engineering |
| Investigator(s): | Lee PKK |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Croucher Foundation - Conference / Seminars |
| Start Date: | 12/2003 |
| Abstract: |
| International conference on slope engineering |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Au F.T.K., Lou P., Li J., Jiang R., Leung C.Y.C., Lee P.K.K., Wong K.Y. and Chan H.Y., Simulation of Vibrations of Ting Kau Bridge due to Vehicular and Environmental Loading, Invited Paper, In: H. Xia and H. Takemiya, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Environmental Vibrations: Prediction, Monitoring, Mitigation and Evaluation (ISEV2009), Beijing, China, 28-30 October 2009. Beijing, Science Presss, 2009, II: 1109-16. |
| Liu C.H., Au F.T.K. and Lee P.K.K., Time-dependent behaviour of reinforced concrete multi-storey building frames due to shrinkage, In: F.T.K. Au, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings, 29-30 October 2009, Hong Kong, China. Singapore, Research Publishing, 2009, 659-668. |
| Researcher : Leung CYC |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Au F.T.K., Lou P., Li J., Jiang R., Leung C.Y.C., Lee P.K.K., Wong K.Y. and Chan H.Y., Simulation of Vibrations of Ting Kau Bridge due to Vehicular and Environmental Loading, Invited Paper, In: H. Xia and H. Takemiya, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Environmental Vibrations: Prediction, Monitoring, Mitigation and Evaluation (ISEV2009), Beijing, China, 28-30 October 2009. Beijing, Science Presss, 2009, II: 1109-16. |
| Leung C.Y.C. and Au F.T.K., Behaviour of in-situ concrete stitches in segmental prestressed concrete bridges, Proceedings of Second International Postgraduate Conference on Infrastructure and Environment, 1-2 June 2010, Hong Kong, China. Hong Kong, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 2010, 2: 256-262. |
| Zeng Y., Au F.T.K. and Leung C.Y.C., Numerical analysis of in-situ stitches in prestressed concrete segmental bridges, Proceedings of Second International Postgraduate Conference on Infrastructure and Environment, 1-2 June 2010, Hong Kong, China. Hong Kong, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 2010, 2: 271-277. |
| Researcher : Li A |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Li A., Zhang T. and Li X.Y., Fate of the aerobic bacterial granules with fungal contamination under different organic loading conditions, Chemosphere. 2010, 78: 500-509. |
| Li A., Zhang T. and Li X.Y., Modeling and verification of selective sludge discharge as the determining factor for aerobic granulation, 3rd IWA Asia-Pacific Regional (ASPIRE) Conference, Taipei, Taiwan. Taipei, Taiwan., 2009. |
| Sheng G., Li A., Li X.Y. and Yu H.Q., Effects of seed sludge properties and selective biomass discharge on aerobic sludge granulation, Chemical Engineering Journal. 2010, 160: 108-114. |
| Researcher : Li B |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Li B. and Zhang T., Biodegradation and adsorption of antibiotics in the activated sludge process, Environmental Science and Technology. 2010, 44: 3468–3473. |
| Li B. and Zhang T., Biodegradation and adsorption of antibiotics in the activated sludge process, Proceedings of 13th Cross-Strait Environmental Technology Conference. April 24-25, 2010, Chong Qing, China. . 2010. |
| Li B., Zhang T., Xu Z. and Fang H.H.P., Rapid analysis of 21 antibiotics of multiple classes in municipal wastewater using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry , Analytica Chimica Acta. 2009, 645(1-2): 64-72. |
| Researcher : Li H |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Li H. and Ng T.S.T., A framework of public engagement for PPP projects in China, In: R. McCaffer, A. Gibb & A.N. Baldwin, Proceedings: Global Innovation in Construction Conference 2009, September 13-16, Loughborough University, Loughborough. 2009, 46-56. |
| Li H. and Ng T.S.T., A study on the social assessment of infrastructure projects in China, In: A. Dainty, Proceedings: ARCOM 25th Annual Conference 2009, September 7-9, Albert Hall, Nottingham. 2009, 917-925. |
| Ng T.S.T., Wong K.K.W. and Li H., Improving public consultation in developing economies – lessons learnt from North America, In: A.R.A. Aziz, Proceedings: International Symposium on Construction in Developing Economies: Similarities among Diversities (CIB-W107), October 5-7, Bayview Hotel, Penang, Malaysia. 2009, 456-466. |
| Researcher : Li J |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Au F.T.K., Lou P., Li J., Jiang R., Leung C.Y.C., Lee P.K.K., Wong K.Y. and Chan H.Y., Simulation of Vibrations of Ting Kau Bridge due to Vehicular and Environmental Loading, Invited Paper, In: H. Xia and H. Takemiya, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Environmental Vibrations: Prediction, Monitoring, Mitigation and Evaluation (ISEV2009), Beijing, China, 28-30 October 2009. Beijing, Science Presss, 2009, II: 1109-16. |
| Researcher : Li Q |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Li Q. and Chen J., Investigation of urban land use change and anthropogenic heat effect on temperature change by WRF model in Guangzhou-Shenzhen, South China, PRAGMA 18, San Diego. 2010. |
| Li Q. and Chen J., Observational and modeling study of urban effect on weather variables in Guangzhou-Shenzhen, South China, AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco. 2009. |
| Li Q. and Chen J., Urban effect investigation on climate change by statistical analysis and WRF model, PRAGMA 17, Hanoi, Vietnam. 2009. |
| Researcher : Li R |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Li R. and Fang H.H.P., Heterotrophic photo fermentative hydrogen production, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 2009, 39(12): 1081-1108. |
| Researcher : Li T |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Li T., Wang G. and Chen J., A modified binary tree codification of drainage networks to support complex hydrological models, Computers and Geosciences. 2010. |
| Researcher : Li X |
| Project Title: | Trihalomethane formation potentials of Macao water supply contaminated by seawater and organic matter |
| Investigator(s): | Li XY |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | The Macao Water Supply Co. Ltd., Macau - General Award |
| Start Date: | 11/2000 |
| Abstract: |
| To evaluate the formation potentials of trihalomethanes in Macao water supply contaminated by seawater instrusion, and to characterize the organic matter in Macao water in terms of molecular weight distribution and associated trihalomethane formation potentials. |
| Project Title: | Nutrient transformations during the decay of settled algae in the ephemeral sediment after algal blooms |
| Investigator(s): | Li XY, Fang HHP |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 12/2003 |
| Abstract: |
| To investigate the stoichiometry and reaction kinetics of the decay of settled algal blooms and related nutrient fluxes, and to characterize the environmental effects, such as hydraulics, water chemistry and sediment properties, on nutrient transformation during the diagenesis of algal sediment; to develop kinetic models and process simulation for nutrient fluxes from the ephemeral layer of algal sediment in the warm water of sub-tropical climate; to conduct in-situ field measurement of sediment nutrient fluxes in relation to algal blooms, and thus to validate the models against the field data for the nutrient flux from settled algal mass. |
| Project Title: | Contribution of wastewater discharge to the formation of disinfection by-products in drinking water: characterization and treatment |
| Investigator(s): | Li XY |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2007 |
| Abstract: |
| (1) To characterize the types and concentration of the DBP precursor material in wastewater effluents of various degrees of treatment and the resulting DBP types and abundance in finished drinking water. (2) To identify cost-effective treatment technologies for tertiary wastewater treatment and drinking water pre-treatment for the minimization of wastewater-derived DBP formation in the drinking water supply. |
| Project Title: | Study on Characteristics of the Sewage and Soil |
| Investigator(s): | Li XY, Zhang T |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Operations and Maintenance Branch - Land Drainage Division |
| Start Date: | 02/2007 |
| Abstract: |
| To assess the characteristics on corrosivenes of the sewage and surrounding soil at Jordan Valley North Road in Ngau Tau Kok, Kowloon. |
| Project Title: | Hydrodynamic property and breakage behavior of fractal aggregates and microbial flocs in water: theoretical modeling, CFD simulation and PIV investigation |
| Investigator(s): | Li XY, Lam KM |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2008 |
| Abstract: |
| 1. To investigate the hydrodynamic properties of fractal aggregates and bioflocs, including the streamlines, internal permeation, and related particle collision frequency functions, using the numerical tool of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the flow visualization technique of particle image velocimetry (PIV); 2. To develop a force-based model to describe the breakage kinetics of aggregates accounting for the bonding strength between fractal clusters and the shear stress exerting on the aggregates, and to validate the model predictions for the shear breakage of particle aggregate and bioflocs using the PIV technique. |
| Project Title: | Consultancy Services for Study on Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms of Solid Deposition and Marine Growth within Salt Water Mains in Hong Kong and Recommendation of Minimization Methods |
| Investigator(s): | Li XY, Shih K, Zhang T |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Water Supplies Department - General Award |
| Start Date: | 03/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| To carry out a detailed investigation on the characteristics of solid deposition and marine growth inside salt water mains. Their formation mechanics can then be determined and preventive means devised based on the findings. |
| Project Title: | Membrane fouling by the combined effect of colloids and organic matter in wastewater treatment and reuse |
| Investigator(s): | Li XY |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 05/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| In the age of sustainable development, wastewater should be regarded as a resource of water supply, other than a waste. In fact, facing ever growing water shortage and pollution, wastewater reclamation and reuse has received increasing attention in recent years. Use of highly treated wastewater effluent is becoming an important component in water resources planning and implementation in the U.S., China, Japan, Australia, Hong Kong and many other parts of the world. In addition to agricultural and industrial usage, reclaimed water has been increasingly used for urban and domestic applications, including landscape irrigation, toilet flushing, fire protection, recreational water features and groundwater recharge. Membrane filtration provides probably the most promising technology for advanced wastewater treatment and reuse. The increased use of membranes in wastewater reuse applications is expected to continue well into the future. For such applications, loose nanofiltration (NF) is an attractive process because of its high rejection of particulate matter and organic compounds with a requirement of operating pressure much lower than reverse osmosis (RO). However, like other membrane separation processes, membrane fouling is still a major problem in the operation of NF systems. Membrane fouling causes a great reduction in filtration capacity of the membrane system, and thus largely increases the treatment cost. In filtration of biologically treated secondary wastewater effluent, membranes are subject to fouling by particulate solids, i.e. particles and colloids, and dissolved organic substances that consist mainly of soluble microbial products (SMP). Membrane fouling has been a subject of many investigations. However, because of the complex nature of natural water and wastewater effluent, almost all studies on the mechanism of membrane fouling in water and wastewater treatment have focused on one type of the foulants, either colloidal foulant or organic foulant . There is little understanding about the effect of particle-organic interactions on the fouling process. Recent research indicates a considerable acceleration of membrane fouling by the combined effect of particles and dissolved organics. The combined fouling was found to cause a significantly greater flux declining rate compared to the additive effects of colloidal fouling and organic fouling alone. However, the exact mechanism of the combined fouling by the particulate matter and dissolved organics is still unclear. More effective process strategies for controlling the combined particulate-organic fouling of the membrane filtration in wastewater treatment and reuse remain to be developed. The project is proposed to investigate the coupling effect of particulate matter and organic substances on the fouling of NF membranes. Laboratory dead-end and cross-flow membrane filtration modules will be employed, and both synthetic wastewater and actual wastewater effluent will be used for the fouling study. A new hypothesis about the effect of particle-organic interactions on the formation of fouling layer on the membrane surface has been proposed and will be validated, and a new model will be developed for the combined fouling process. The findings will provide an important insight into the mechanism of the combined fouling of NF membranes by solid matter and dissolved organics. the objectives of the propsed laboratory study are 1. To characterize the combined effect of particulate matter and soluble organics on the fouling of NF membranes, in comparison with the individual fouling effect of either particulate foulant or organic foulant. 2. To investigate the mechanism of combined particle-organic fouling of membranes and to determine important chemical and hydrodynamic factors for the combined fouling. |
| Project Title: | Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation from Water under Visible Light using Core/Shell Nano-Catalysts |
| Investigator(s): | Li XY, Shih K |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Applied Research |
| Start Date: | 01/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| Purpose of the project: A novel nano-sized photocatalyst will be developed for photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water using solar energy. The nano-catalyst will be synthesized using a microemulsion technique with different material combinations in a core-shell structure. The core of the catalyst nanoparticles will be CdS which has a small band-gap with a high photocatalytic activity, and the shell will be ZnS which has a larger band-gap with a higher degree of photo-stability. The core (CdS)/shell (ZnS) nano-structure will enhance the visible light response of the catalyst for direct hydrogen generation from water splitting and suppress the electro/hole recombination during the photocatalytic process. The objectives of the proposed project are as follows. (1) To develop the microemulsion technique for making the composite nano-photocatalyst with a core-shell structure. By varying the chemical composition and the microemulsion condition, different types of the catalyst nanoparticles can be prepared with different sizes and different shell thicknesses. (2) To evaluate the performance and efficiency of the different types of the photocatalysts in hydrogen generation from water splitting under visible light. The photophysical property, particle size, morphology and structure feature, and the stability of the catalysts will be examined. (3) To develop the photo-cells, or reactors, for catalytic hydrogen generation from water using visible light. The configuration of the reactors, the density of the catalysts applied, and the type and concentration of the chemicals used as electron donors will be optimized for effective photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Key issues and problems: Photocatalytic splitting of water is a promising and environmentally-friendly method to harvest the solar energy with hydrogen production. However, most photocatalysts, such as TiO2, function only under UV light. Visible light (λ>420 nm) covers 43% of the solar spectrum, but few catalysts are available that have a small band gap capable of splitting water under visible light. Efforts have been made to develop the photocatalysts, such as metal oxides and metal sulfides, that response to both UV and visible lights for hydrogen generation. However, the visible-light-driven catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen generation often have the following two typical problems. (1) The quantum yields of the catalysts are rather low due to mainly the recombination of photo-generated electron/hole pairs. (2) As the photoactivity of the catalysts increases, their stability usually decreases. Hence, the photoactive catalysts can suffer rapid photo-corrosion and lose their catalytic capability during application. A core-shell co-catalyst structure offers the benefit of integrated functions from the both catalyst materials. It allows a tailor-made property of the catalyst with the less active shell layer to passivate and protect the more active but less stable core material. This type of material structure has been recently used in solar cells and photochemistry. In the present development, the core-shell structure will be used for synthesize nano-sized composite photocatalysts. CdS will be used as the core material which has a short band-gap with a high level of response to visible light for hydrogen production. The more stale ZnS with a longer band-gap will be used to form the shell of the nano-sized photocatalysts. It is expected that the thin ZnS shell will provide the following two important functions: (1) to suppress the electron/hole recombination during the photocatalytic hydrogen production process and (2) to protect the active CdS core from photo-corrosion for long-term applications. |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Researcher : Li XY |
| Project Title: | Trihalomethane formation potentials of Macao water supply contaminated by seawater and organic matter |
| Investigator(s): | Li XY |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | The Macao Water Supply Co. Ltd., Macau - General Award |
| Start Date: | 11/2000 |
| Abstract: |
| To evaluate the formation potentials of trihalomethanes in Macao water supply contaminated by seawater instrusion, and to characterize the organic matter in Macao water in terms of molecular weight distribution and associated trihalomethane formation potentials. |
| Project Title: | Nutrient transformations during the decay of settled algae in the ephemeral sediment after algal blooms |
| Investigator(s): | Li XY, Fang HHP |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 12/2003 |
| Abstract: |
| To investigate the stoichiometry and reaction kinetics of the decay of settled algal blooms and related nutrient fluxes, and to characterize the environmental effects, such as hydraulics, water chemistry and sediment properties, on nutrient transformation during the diagenesis of algal sediment; to develop kinetic models and process simulation for nutrient fluxes from the ephemeral layer of algal sediment in the warm water of sub-tropical climate; to conduct in-situ field measurement of sediment nutrient fluxes in relation to algal blooms, and thus to validate the models against the field data for the nutrient flux from settled algal mass. |
| Project Title: | Contribution of wastewater discharge to the formation of disinfection by-products in drinking water: characterization and treatment |
| Investigator(s): | Li XY |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2007 |
| Abstract: |
| (1) To characterize the types and concentration of the DBP precursor material in wastewater effluents of various degrees of treatment and the resulting DBP types and abundance in finished drinking water. (2) To identify cost-effective treatment technologies for tertiary wastewater treatment and drinking water pre-treatment for the minimization of wastewater-derived DBP formation in the drinking water supply. |
| Project Title: | Study on Characteristics of the Sewage and Soil |
| Investigator(s): | Li XY, Zhang T |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Operations and Maintenance Branch - Land Drainage Division |
| Start Date: | 02/2007 |
| Abstract: |
| To assess the characteristics on corrosivenes of the sewage and surrounding soil at Jordan Valley North Road in Ngau Tau Kok, Kowloon. |
| Project Title: | Hydrodynamic property and breakage behavior of fractal aggregates and microbial flocs in water: theoretical modeling, CFD simulation and PIV investigation |
| Investigator(s): | Li XY, Lam KM |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2008 |
| Abstract: |
| 1. To investigate the hydrodynamic properties of fractal aggregates and bioflocs, including the streamlines, internal permeation, and related particle collision frequency functions, using the numerical tool of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the flow visualization technique of particle image velocimetry (PIV); 2. To develop a force-based model to describe the breakage kinetics of aggregates accounting for the bonding strength between fractal clusters and the shear stress exerting on the aggregates, and to validate the model predictions for the shear breakage of particle aggregate and bioflocs using the PIV technique. |
| Project Title: | Consultancy Services for Study on Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms of Solid Deposition and Marine Growth within Salt Water Mains in Hong Kong and Recommendation of Minimization Methods |
| Investigator(s): | Li XY, Shih K, Zhang T |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Water Supplies Department - General Award |
| Start Date: | 03/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| To carry out a detailed investigation on the characteristics of solid deposition and marine growth inside salt water mains. Their formation mechanics can then be determined and preventive means devised based on the findings. |
| Project Title: | Membrane fouling by the combined effect of colloids and organic matter in wastewater treatment and reuse |
| Investigator(s): | Li XY |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 05/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| In the age of sustainable development, wastewater should be regarded as a resource of water supply, other than a waste. In fact, facing ever growing water shortage and pollution, wastewater reclamation and reuse has received increasing attention in recent years. Use of highly treated wastewater effluent is becoming an important component in water resources planning and implementation in the U.S., China, Japan, Australia, Hong Kong and many other parts of the world. In addition to agricultural and industrial usage, reclaimed water has been increasingly used for urban and domestic applications, including landscape irrigation, toilet flushing, fire protection, recreational water features and groundwater recharge. Membrane filtration provides probably the most promising technology for advanced wastewater treatment and reuse. The increased use of membranes in wastewater reuse applications is expected to continue well into the future. For such applications, loose nanofiltration (NF) is an attractive process because of its high rejection of particulate matter and organic compounds with a requirement of operating pressure much lower than reverse osmosis (RO). However, like other membrane separation processes, membrane fouling is still a major problem in the operation of NF systems. Membrane fouling causes a great reduction in filtration capacity of the membrane system, and thus largely increases the treatment cost. In filtration of biologically treated secondary wastewater effluent, membranes are subject to fouling by particulate solids, i.e. particles and colloids, and dissolved organic substances that consist mainly of soluble microbial products (SMP). Membrane fouling has been a subject of many investigations. However, because of the complex nature of natural water and wastewater effluent, almost all studies on the mechanism of membrane fouling in water and wastewater treatment have focused on one type of the foulants, either colloidal foulant or organic foulant . There is little understanding about the effect of particle-organic interactions on the fouling process. Recent research indicates a considerable acceleration of membrane fouling by the combined effect of particles and dissolved organics. The combined fouling was found to cause a significantly greater flux declining rate compared to the additive effects of colloidal fouling and organic fouling alone. However, the exact mechanism of the combined fouling by the particulate matter and dissolved organics is still unclear. More effective process strategies for controlling the combined particulate-organic fouling of the membrane filtration in wastewater treatment and reuse remain to be developed. The project is proposed to investigate the coupling effect of particulate matter and organic substances on the fouling of NF membranes. Laboratory dead-end and cross-flow membrane filtration modules will be employed, and both synthetic wastewater and actual wastewater effluent will be used for the fouling study. A new hypothesis about the effect of particle-organic interactions on the formation of fouling layer on the membrane surface has been proposed and will be validated, and a new model will be developed for the combined fouling process. The findings will provide an important insight into the mechanism of the combined fouling of NF membranes by solid matter and dissolved organics. the objectives of the propsed laboratory study are 1. To characterize the combined effect of particulate matter and soluble organics on the fouling of NF membranes, in comparison with the individual fouling effect of either particulate foulant or organic foulant. 2. To investigate the mechanism of combined particle-organic fouling of membranes and to determine important chemical and hydrodynamic factors for the combined fouling. |
| Project Title: | Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation from Water under Visible Light using Core/Shell Nano-Catalysts |
| Investigator(s): | Li XY, Shih K |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Applied Research |
| Start Date: | 01/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| Purpose of the project: A novel nano-sized photocatalyst will be developed for photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water using solar energy. The nano-catalyst will be synthesized using a microemulsion technique with different material combinations in a core-shell structure. The core of the catalyst nanoparticles will be CdS which has a small band-gap with a high photocatalytic activity, and the shell will be ZnS which has a larger band-gap with a higher degree of photo-stability. The core (CdS)/shell (ZnS) nano-structure will enhance the visible light response of the catalyst for direct hydrogen generation from water splitting and suppress the electro/hole recombination during the photocatalytic process. The objectives of the proposed project are as follows. (1) To develop the microemulsion technique for making the composite nano-photocatalyst with a core-shell structure. By varying the chemical composition and the microemulsion condition, different types of the catalyst nanoparticles can be prepared with different sizes and different shell thicknesses. (2) To evaluate the performance and efficiency of the different types of the photocatalysts in hydrogen generation from water splitting under visible light. The photophysical property, particle size, morphology and structure feature, and the stability of the catalysts will be examined. (3) To develop the photo-cells, or reactors, for catalytic hydrogen generation from water using visible light. The configuration of the reactors, the density of the catalysts applied, and the type and concentration of the chemicals used as electron donors will be optimized for effective photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Key issues and problems: Photocatalytic splitting of water is a promising and environmentally-friendly method to harvest the solar energy with hydrogen production. However, most photocatalysts, such as TiO2, function only under UV light. Visible light (λ>420 nm) covers 43% of the solar spectrum, but few catalysts are available that have a small band gap capable of splitting water under visible light. Efforts have been made to develop the photocatalysts, such as metal oxides and metal sulfides, that response to both UV and visible lights for hydrogen generation. However, the visible-light-driven catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen generation often have the following two typical problems. (1) The quantum yields of the catalysts are rather low due to mainly the recombination of photo-generated electron/hole pairs. (2) As the photoactivity of the catalysts increases, their stability usually decreases. Hence, the photoactive catalysts can suffer rapid photo-corrosion and lose their catalytic capability during application. A core-shell co-catalyst structure offers the benefit of integrated functions from the both catalyst materials. It allows a tailor-made property of the catalyst with the less active shell layer to passivate and protect the more active but less stable core material. This type of material structure has been recently used in solar cells and photochemistry. In the present development, the core-shell structure will be used for synthesize nano-sized composite photocatalysts. CdS will be used as the core material which has a short band-gap with a high level of response to visible light for hydrogen production. The more stale ZnS with a longer band-gap will be used to form the shell of the nano-sized photocatalysts. It is expected that the thin ZnS shell will provide the following two important functions: (1) to suppress the electron/hole recombination during the photocatalytic hydrogen production process and (2) to protect the active CdS core from photo-corrosion for long-term applications. |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Chen W., Sun F., Wang X. and Li X.Y., A membrane bioreactor for an innovative biological nitrogen removal process, Water Science and Technology. 2010, 61(3): 671-676. |
| Fang F., Ni B.J., Li X.Y., Sheng G. and Yu H.Q., Kinetic analysis of the twp-step process of AOB and NOB in aerobic nitrifying granules, Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology. 2009, 83: 1159-1169. |
| Fei Y. and Li X.Y., Sediment organic diagenesis and its impact on the adsorption of selected EDCs and antibiotics on marine sediment, 6th International Conference on Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology, Hong Kong. Hong Kong, 2010. |
| Law C.M.C. and Li X.Y., Best Student Poster Award (to Cecilia M.C. Law, an MPhil student under the supervison of X.Y. Li) , 6th IWA/GRA Specialised Conference on Assessment and Control of Micropollutants/Hazardous Substances in Water, San Francisco, CA, USA. San Francisco, CA, USA, 2010. |
| Law C.M.C., Li X.Y. and Li Q.L., The combined colloid-organic fouling on nanofiltration membrane for wastewater treatment and reuse, Separation Science and Technology. 2010, 45: 935-940. |
| Law M.C.C., Li X.Y. and Li Q.L., Combined colloid-organic fouling on NF membrane for wastewater treatment and reuse, 5th IWA Specialised Membrane Technology Conference (IWA-MTC) for Water and Wastewater Treatment, Beijing, China. Beijing, China, 2009. |
| Li A., Zhang T. and Li X.Y., Fate of the aerobic bacterial granules with fungal contamination under different organic loading conditions, Chemosphere. 2010, 78: 500-509. |
| Li A., Zhang T. and Li X.Y., Modeling and verification of selective sludge discharge as the determining factor for aerobic granulation, 3rd IWA Asia-Pacific Regional (ASPIRE) Conference, Taipei, Taiwan. Taipei, Taiwan., 2009. |
| Li X.Y. and Xie Z., Electrochemical treatment of landfill leachate for nitrogen removal (invited), 2009 Wuhan International Conference on the Environment, Wuhan, China. Wuhan, China, 2009. |
| Li X.Y., Journal of China Water and Wastewater, China.. 2009. |
| Li X.Y., Xiao F., Zhong R. and Zhang X.H., PIV characterisation of flocculation dynamics and floc structure in water treatment (keynote), 6th International Conference on Interfaces Against Pollution, Beijing, China. Beijing, China., 2010. |
| Li X.Y., PIV characterisation of flocculation dynamics and floc structure in water treatment (keynote), 6th International Conference on Interfaces Against Pollution, Beijing, China.. Beijing, China., 2010. |
| Liu J., Li X.Y. and Xie Y.F., Wastewater organics as the precursors of disinfection byproducts in drinking water, 3rd IWA Asia-Pacific Regional (ASPIRE) Conference, Taipei, Taiwan. Taipei, Taiwan, 2009. |
| Ni B.J., Sheng G., Li X.Y. and Yu H.Q., Quantitative simulation of the granulation process of activated sludge for wastewater treatment, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2010, 49: 2864-2873. |
| Ren T., Xiao F. and Li X.Y., Investigation of the deformable feature of bio-flocs and its influence on mass transport using particle image velocimetry (PIV), 3rd IWA Asia-Pacific Regional (ASPIRE) Conference, Taipei, Taiwan. Taipei, Taiwan, 2009. |
| Ren T., Mu Y.A.N.G., Liu L., Yu H.Q. and Li X.Y., Quantification of the shear stresses in a microbial granular sludge reactor, Water Research. Elsevier, 2009, 43: 4643-4651. |
| Sheng G., Li A., Li X.Y. and Yu H.Q., Effects of seed sludge properties and selective biomass discharge on aerobic sludge granulation, Chemical Engineering Journal. 2010, 160: 108-114. |
| Shi X.Y., Sheng G., Li X.Y. and Yu H.Q., Operation of a sequencing batch reactor for cultivating autotrophic nitrifying granules, Bioresource Technology. 2010, 101: 2960-1964. |
| Sun F. and Li X.Y., Accumulation of organic substances in a submerged membrane bioreactor and its influence on membrane fouling, 5th IWA Specialised Membrane Technology Conference (IWA-MTC) for Water and Wastewater Treatment, Beijing, China. Beijing, China, 2009. |
| Sun F. and Li X.Y., Biopolymer cluster (BPC) accumulation in membrane bioreactor (MBR) and its role in membrane fouling, 3rd IWA Asia-Pacific Regional (ASPIRE) Conference, Taipei, Taiwan. Taipei, Taiwan, 2009. |
| Sun F. and Li X.Y., Evaluation of the importance of various operating and sludge property parameters to the fouling of membrane bioreactors, 5th IWA Specialised Membrane Technology Conference (IWA-MTC) for Water and Wastewater Treatment, Beijing, China. Beijing, China, 2009. |
| Wai T.C., Leung K.M.Y., Wu S.S., Shin P.K.S., Cheung S.G., Li X.Y. and Lee J.H.W., Stable isotope and fatty acid profile as effective tools for diagnosing environmental impact of open-sea-cage fish farm wastes, In: T C Wai1, K M Y Leung1, R S S Wu1, P K S Shin2, S G Cheung2, X Y Li3, J H W Lee3 , The 6th international Conference on Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology, 31 May-3 June 2010, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. 2010. |
| Wai T.C., Leung K.M.Y., Wu S.S., Shin P.K.S., Cheung S.G., Li X.Y. and Lee J.H.W., Stable isotope and fatty acid profile as effective tools for diagnosing environmental impact of open-sea-cage fish farm wastes, the SETAC Asia/Pacific 2010 Meeting, held during 4-7 June 2010 at Guangzhou, China. 2010. |
| Wang X., Shih K. and Li X.Y., Photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water under visible light using core/shell nano-catalysts, 3rd IWA Asia-Pacific Regional (ASPIRE) Conference, Taipei, Taiwan. Taipei, Taiwan, 2009. |
| Wang X., Shih K. and Li X.Y., Photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water under visible light using core/shell nano-catalysts, Water Science and Technology. 2010, 61(9): 2303-2308. |
| Xu X. and Li X.Y., Adsorption and desorption of antibiotic tetracycline on marine sediments, Chemosphere. 2010, 78: 430-436. |
| Xu X. and Li X.Y., Adsorption behaviour of benzyl butyl phthalate on marine sediments: equilibrium assessments, effects of organic carbon content, temperature and salinity, Marine Chemistry. 2009, 115: 66-71. |
| Xu X., Li X.Y., Li X.Z. and Li H., Degradation of melatonin by UV, UV/H2O2, Fe2+/H2O2 and UV/Fe2+/H2O2 processes, Separation and Purification Technology. 2009, 68: 261-266. |
| Zhai G., Xiao F. and Li X.Y., Transport and removal of nanoparticles during granular medium filtration, 6th International Conference on Interfaces Against Pollution, Beijing, China.. Beijing, China, 2010. |
| Zhang S., Li X.Y. and Chen P.J., An XPS study for mechanisms of arsenate adsorption onto a magnetite-doped activated carbon fiber, Hournal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2010, 343: 232-238. |
| Zhang S., Li X.Y. and Chen P.J., Preparation and evaluation of a magnetite doped activated carbon fiber for enhanced arsenic removal, Carbon. 2010, 48: 60-67. |
| Zhao Z.Y., Gu J.D., Li H.B., Li X.Y. and Leung K.M.Y., Disinfection characteristics of the dissolved organic fractions at several stages of a conventional drinking water treatment plant in Southern China, Joural of Hazardous Materials. 2009, 172: 1093-1099. |
| Researcher : Lin G |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Jia Y., Chi S., Yang J. and Lin G., Measurement of breakage energy of coarse granular aggregates, Rock and Soil Mechanics. 2009, 30(7): 1960-1966. |
| Researcher : Liu CH |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Liu C.H., Au F.T.K. and Lee P.K.K., Time-dependent behaviour of reinforced concrete multi-storey building frames due to shrinkage, In: F.T.K. Au, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings, 29-30 October 2009, Hong Kong, China. Singapore, Research Publishing, 2009, 659-668. |
| Researcher : Liu J |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Liu J., Li X.Y. and Xie Y.F., Wastewater organics as the precursors of disinfection byproducts in drinking water, 3rd IWA Asia-Pacific Regional (ASPIRE) Conference, Taipei, Taiwan. Taipei, Taiwan, 2009. |
| Researcher : Lo SH |
| Project Title: | Limit state analysis of non-homogeneous structures using integral equation technique |
| Investigator(s): | Lo SH, Dong C |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Incentive Award for RGC GRF Fundable But Not Funded Projects |
| Start Date: | 07/2003 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| Project Title: | Sixth World Congress on Computational Mechanics in conjunction with the Second Asian-Pacific Congress on Computational Mechanics High-performance 3D Solid 13-node Pyramid Elements |
| Investigator(s): | Lo SH |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 09/2004 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| Project Title: | Automatic Adaptive Refinement Analysis using high-performance hexahedral elements |
| Investigator(s): | Lo SH |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Small Project Funding |
| Start Date: | 01/2006 |
| Abstract: |
| The finite element method is now a well established tool for the analysis of complicated engineering structures of irregular geometry, such as tall buildings, bridges, automobiles and aircraft, etc. However, this versatile technique gives only an approximation solution whose accuracy depends on the number of elements and the sophistication of individual elements used in the finite element model. With the introduction of the adaptive refinement procedure, the goal of achieving economically reliable finite element solution of specified accuracy for general three-dimensional problems is possible and feasible. Many high-performance solid elements of various geometrical shapes and orders have recently been developed based on the hybrid stress approach and the weak continuity requirement between elements. Parallel to this development are advances in the automatic mesh generation techniques over curved surfaces and within three-dimensional volumes [1-5]. A research project is proposed to bring the latest advances in solid element technology and the mesh generation techniques together to form an integrated adaptive refinement analysis scheme for providing high-quality economical solutions to practical engineering and benchmark problems, which cannot be obtained otherwise by classical simplified models of reduced dimensions. |
| Project Title: | Earthquake Protection by Tire-Soil Mixtures |
| Investigator(s): | Lo SH |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 06/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| The 512 Wenchuan Earthquake once again reminded us the destructive power of earthquakes. In fact, a large proportion of the world’s population is living under the threat of earthquakes. In the past century, earthquakes have killed an average of over 20,000 people a year throughout the world, with 90% of fatalities occurring in developing countries. Moreover, the urban cities in developing countries are increasingly more vulnerable than those in developed countries. It is impossible to prevent earthquakes from occurring, but it is possible to mitigate the disastrous effects of strong earthquake shaking so as to save lives and properties. There are various kinds of earthquake-resistant design methods available nowadays. However, most, if not all, of these methods are expensive and normally require advanced construction techniques, both of which may not be available in developing countries. Tire-soil mixture has been proposed to be placed around the foundation of structures for absorbing seismic energy and exerting a function similar to that of a cushion. The low-cost of this method can greatly benefit developing countries where resources and technology are not adequate for earthquake mitigation with well-developed, yet expensive, techniques. On the other hand, the proposed method could potentially consume the huge stockpiles of scrap tires all over the world, which has been considered as a significant disposal problem. Proper uses of scrap tires have been a hot topic among the engineering community. The Problems of Scrap Tires The disposal of waste tires has been a significant environmental problem. Due to the huge increase in the number of vehicles, hundreds of millions of scrap tires are disposed of around the world every year. In the United States, approximately 300 million scrap tires were generated in 2005 and the number is expected to increase by about 2% every year. Historically, most scrap tires were dumped in landfills. Apart from taking up a lot of space and causing land wastage, scrap tire stockpiles provide a favorable environment for mosquitoes, increasing the risk of spreading dangerous diseases such as malaria. In addition, scrap tires are also susceptible to fires in which toxic smoke and oils are generated. The European Commission has imposed a ban on the disposal of whole scrap tires and shredded tires in landfills since 2003 and 2006 respectively. Over half of the states in the United States have also banned used tires from landfills. In the past decade, proper treatment of waste tires has become a hot topic among the engineering community and a number of researches have been conducted to explore beneficial ways to utilize the huge stockpile. In view of the high energy content of tires, certain applications associated with energy recovery have been developed. Nevertheless, uncontrolled burning of tires can generate black smoke and sulphur dioxide which will worsen air pollution. Apart from the potential air pollution problems of tire-derived fuel, from the perspective of sustainability, reusing and recycling of waste tires is preferred to energy recovery. Civil Engineering Applications of Scrap Tires Among various uses of scrap tires, lightweight embankment fills are the most common application. However, the scope of waste tire utilization in current civil engineering applications is relatively narrow and the amount of tires used in these applications is limited. It is essential to seek other beneficial and practical uses to consume the huge scrap tire stockpile. The damping property of rubber within waste tires is yet to be exploited in common civil engineering applications. In fact, the excellent energy absorption capability of rubber is useful in mitigating earthquake hazards around the world. In the past three decades, rubber has been used in seismic isolation systems for the purpose of decoupling the horizontal motions of the ground from that of a structure and thus reducing earthquake damage to the structure. Laminated rubber bearing is currently the most commonly adopted seismic isolation system, but the usage is not extensive due to the tremendous cost of implementation. There has been an increasing interest in developing alternative low-cost seismic isolation systems for use in developing countries, where resources and technology are not adequate for earthquake mitigation with well-developed, yet expensive, techniques. Utilizing rubber tires in earthquake hazard mitigation can be the way out to both the problems of waste tire disposal and costly seismic isolation systems. Project Objectives A number of seminal papers on the proposed method authored by the applicants have already been published, e.g. Lo et al. (2008), Tsang and Lo (2007). A series of numerical simulations using a 2-dimensional (2-D) finite element program were performed and the feasibility of the proposed scheme has been demonstrated. The objective of this proposed project is to extend the finite element modeling to a 3-dimensional (3-D) domain. With the rapid advance in computational hardware and the hybrid-stress solid element technology recently developed by the Principal Investigator (PI), the proposed model can be decomposed into solid brick elements of different shapes and order for analysis based on the exact geometry without any underlying kinematic assumptions. More accurate and comprehensive parametric study can then be carried out. References Lo, S.H., Xu, X., Tsang, H.H., Sheikh, M.N. (2008). Finite Element Modelling of a New Earthquake Protection Method involving Soil-Structure Interaction. In: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Structures Technology, Athens, Greece, September 2-5, 2008. Tsang, H.H., Lo, S.H. (2007). Seismic Isolation by Rubber-Soil Mixtures for Developing Countries. In: Proceedings of the Tenth World Conference on Seismic Isolation, Energy Dissipation and Active Vibrations Control of Structures, Istanbul, Turkey, May 28-31, 2007. |
| Project Title: | Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Core Wall and Shear Wall Building Structures using Nonlinear Pushover Analysis |
| Investigator(s): | Lo SH |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 06/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| Over the past century, Hong Kong has developed into an international financial and commercial hub in the Asia-Pacific region. A significant proportion of urban district is located on reclaimed lands, and it is well-known that landfill material could greatly amplify the local ground shaking. Substantial amount of researches in recent years have indicated that the potential earthquake risk in Hong Kong, due to low-probability high-consequence earthquake events, is no less than that in high seismic zones. Earthquake-resistant design has yet to be specifically required in the current building design codes in Hong Kong. Buildings with core walls or shear walls as their major lateral load resisting system are widely constructed in Hong Kong, as well as in China, such as Shanghai and Beijing, and other metropolises including Singapore, London and New York. Many wall structures have an irregular and unsymmetrical structural plan, which will induce torsional responses in an event of earthquake, and in turn result in additional and undesirable stresses in the load bearing components. High-rise reinforced concrete buildings with core walls and shear walls are therefore selected as the target of this proposed project. Seismic displacement demand and drift capacity of a suite of typical buildings in Hong Kong will first be investigated. Nonlinear pushover analysis will be adopted for damage and collapse analyses. Pushover analysis has been shown to be an effective method in assessing the inelastic behavior of a RC structure up to the collapse load. The analysis will be carried out under the framework of displacement-based approach, which refers to the methodologies in which structural design and assessment criteria are expressed in terms of achieving a set of displacement-based performance objectives. It has been increasingly attracting worldwide interest in the past decade, as opposed to the conventional seismic assessment and design methods which rely on force-based procedures. PB design requires a structure to suffer no damage in a frequent minor earthquake, resist occasional moderate earthquakes without structural damage, and resist major earthquakes without collapse. 1. Predict the ultimate drift capacity at member level and model the deformation behavior of RC buildings with core walls or shear walls. 2. Predict the inter-story drift demand of RC buildings with core walls or shear walls, taking into account earthquake magnitude and distance scenarios, site effects and the dynamic response behavior of the building including the torsional response in the inelastic range. 3. Identify critical parts in designing buildings with core walls or shear walls and suggest design guidelines for the construction industry. |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Tsang H.H., Su K.L., Lam N.T.K. and Lo S.H., Displacement-based rapid seismic assessment procedure for building structures, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings, 29-30 October 2009, Hong Kong China. Singapore, Research Publishing, 2009, 267-278. |
| Zhou D., Cheung Y.K., Lo S.H. and Au F.T.K., Three-dimensional vibration analysis of prisms with isosceles triangular cross-section, Archive of Applied Mechanics. New York, Springer, 2010, 80(6): 699-710. |
| Researcher : Lou P |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Au F.T.K., Lou P., Li J., Jiang R., Leung C.Y.C., Lee P.K.K., Wong K.Y. and Chan H.Y., Simulation of Vibrations of Ting Kau Bridge due to Vehicular and Environmental Loading, Invited Paper, In: H. Xia and H. Takemiya, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Environmental Vibrations: Prediction, Monitoring, Mitigation and Evaluation (ISEV2009), Beijing, China, 28-30 October 2009. Beijing, Science Presss, 2009, II: 1109-16. |
| Researcher : Lu H |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Lu H., Liang P., Yang J. and Shang S., Analysis of dynamic soil-structure interaction, Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration. 2009, 29(6): 182-190. |
| Researcher : Lu X |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Lu X., Zhang T. and Fang H.H.P., Effect of two non-ionic surfactants on anoxic biodegradation of PAHs in marine sediment., 6th International Conference on Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology. May 31 to June 3, 2010, Hong Kong. . 2010. |
| Tang Y., Shih K. and Lu X., Potential of Using Copper Aluminate Spinel to Stabilize Copper-Bearing Sludge., The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Asia/Pacific Annual Meeting, Guangzhou, China.. 2010. |
| Researcher : Lu X |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Lu X., Zhang T. and Fang H.H.P., Effect of two non-ionic surfactants on anoxic biodegradation of PAHs in marine sediment., 6th International Conference on Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology. May 31 to June 3, 2010, Hong Kong. . 2010. |
| Tang Y., Shih K. and Lu X., Potential of Using Copper Aluminate Spinel to Stabilize Copper-Bearing Sludge., The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Asia/Pacific Annual Meeting, Guangzhou, China.. 2010. |
| Researcher : Ma R |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Ma R., Wang F. and Shih K., Detection of Perfluorochemicals in Sludge and Sediments in Hong Kong., The 13th Mainland-Taiwan Environmental Protection Conference, Chongqing, China.. 2010. |
| Ma R. and Shih K., Partition and Fate of Perfluorochemicals in Wastewater Sludge, The 42nd IUPAC Congress: Chemistry Solutions, Glasgow, UK.. 2009. |
| Ma R. and Shih K., Perfluorochemicals in Wastewater Treatment Plants and Sediments in Hong Kong, Environmental Pollution . 2010, 158: 1354-1362. |
| Researcher : Mahesh G |
| Project Title: | International Research Conference on Sustainability in Built Environment Conceptual Framework to Maximise Building Stock ‘Utility Life’ and ‘Whole Life Value’ |
| Investigator(s): | Mahesh G |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 06/2010 |
| Completion Date: | 06/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Kumaraswamy M.M., Ofori G., Mahesh G., Teo E., Tjandra I. and Wong K.W.K., Construction Industry Improvement Initiatives: Are We Really Translating Rhetoric into Reality?, In: R. Rameezdeen, S. Senaratne and Y.G. Sandanayake, International Research Conference on Sustainability in Built Environment. Sri Lanka, BEMRU, Univ. of Moratuwa, 2010, 116-125. |
| Mahesh G. and Kumaraswamy M.M., Co-opetition or Convenient Coalitions? – JV’s for Indian Airports redevelopment in the context of the Infrastructure Sector, In: Kiyoshi Kobayashi, Khairuddin Abdul Rashid, George Ofori and Stephen Ogunlana, Multi-national Joint Ventures for Construction in Asia. London, UK, Thomas Telford, 2009, 62-67. |
| Mahesh G., Kumaraswamy M.M., Wong K.W.K. and Xie H., Framework to Maximise Building Stock ‘Utility Life’ and ‘Whole Life Value’, In: R. Rameezdeen, S. Senaratne and Y.G. Sandanayake, International Research Conference on Sustainability in Built Environment. Sri Lanka, BEMRU, Univ. of Moratuwa, 2010, 134-140. |
| Wong K.W.K., Kumaraswamy M.M., Mahesh G. and Ng T.S.T., Improving the image and sustainability of the Hong Kong construction industry through societal engagement for balanced infrastructure Development, Proceedings: 16th International Sustainable Development Research Conference, May 30 - June 1, The Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, Hong Kong. Hong Kong, The University of Hong Kong, 2010, 574-582. |
| Zou W., Kumaraswamy M.M., Mahesh G. and Chan S.Y.S., Two sets of External Variables influencing the Partnership Arrangements, Dynamics and Performance levels in PPP projects, In: C.J. Anumba, N.M. Bouchlaghem, J.I. Messner and M.K. Parfitt, 6th International Conference on Innovation in Architecture, Engineering and Construction. UK, Dept. of Civil & Building Engg., Loughborough University, 2010, 725-734. |
| Researcher : Mahesh G |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Kumaraswamy M.M., Ofori G., Mahesh G., Teo E., Tjandra I. and Wong K.W.K., Construction Industry Improvement Initiatives: Are We Really Translating Rhetoric into Reality?, In: R. Rameezdeen, S. Senaratne and Y.G. Sandanayake, International Research Conference on Sustainability in Built Environment. Sri Lanka, BEMRU, Univ. of Moratuwa, 2010, 116-125. |
| Mahesh G. and Kumaraswamy M.M., Co-opetition or Convenient Coalitions? – JV’s for Indian Airports redevelopment in the context of the Infrastructure Sector, In: Kiyoshi Kobayashi, Khairuddin Abdul Rashid, George Ofori and Stephen Ogunlana, Multi-national Joint Ventures for Construction in Asia. London, UK, Thomas Telford, 2009, 62-67. |
| Mahesh G., Kumaraswamy M.M., Wong K.W.K. and Xie H., Framework to Maximise Building Stock ‘Utility Life’ and ‘Whole Life Value’, In: R. Rameezdeen, S. Senaratne and Y.G. Sandanayake, International Research Conference on Sustainability in Built Environment. Sri Lanka, BEMRU, Univ. of Moratuwa, 2010, 134-140. |
| Wong K.W.K., Kumaraswamy M.M., Mahesh G. and Ng T.S.T., Improving the image and sustainability of the Hong Kong construction industry through societal engagement for balanced infrastructure Development, Proceedings: 16th International Sustainable Development Research Conference, May 30 - June 1, The Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, Hong Kong. Hong Kong, The University of Hong Kong, 2010, 574-582. |
| Zou W., Kumaraswamy M.M., Mahesh G. and Chan S.Y.S., Two sets of External Variables influencing the Partnership Arrangements, Dynamics and Performance levels in PPP projects, In: C.J. Anumba, N.M. Bouchlaghem, J.I. Messner and M.K. Parfitt, 6th International Conference on Innovation in Architecture, Engineering and Construction. UK, Dept. of Civil & Building Engg., Loughborough University, 2010, 725-734. |
| Researcher : Mao J |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Mao J., Lee J.H.W. and Choi D.K.W., The extended Kalman filter for forecast of algal bloom dynamics, Water Research. Elsevier, 2009, 43: 4214-4224. |
| Researcher : Megawati K |
| Project Title: | Basin effects in the seismic hazard of Hong Kong |
| Investigator(s): | Megawati K, Chandler AM |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 10/2005 |
| Abstract: |
| The main objective of the proposed research is to investigate the extent of basin effects in Hong Kong by means of numerical ground-motion simulations. The narrow sedimentary basin along the northern coast of Hong Kong Island has been selected as the study region. A numerical model of the basin will be constructed and implemented into a ground-motion simulation program developed by the Co-I, Prof Koketsu. |
| Researcher : Ng PL |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Kwan A.K.H., Au F.T.K., Wong H.C. and Ng P.L., Shrinkage of Hong Kong granite aggregate concrete, Magazine of Concrete Research. London, Thomas Telford, 2010, 62(2): 115-126. |
| Lam Y.K., Ng P.L. and Kwan A.K.H., Tension stiffening in concrete beams. Part 2: section and member analysis, Proceedings, Institution of Civil Engineers, Structures and Buildings. 2010, 163, No.SB1: 29-39. |
| Ng P.L., Lam Y.K. and Kwan A.K.H., Tension stiffening in concrete beams. Part 1: FE analysis, Proceedings, Institution of Civil Engineers, Structures and Buildings. 2010, 163, No.SB1: 19-28. |
| Researcher : Ng PL |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Kwan A.K.H., Au F.T.K., Wong H.C. and Ng P.L., Shrinkage of Hong Kong granite aggregate concrete, Magazine of Concrete Research. London, Thomas Telford, 2010, 62(2): 115-126. |
| Lam Y.K., Ng P.L. and Kwan A.K.H., Tension stiffening in concrete beams. Part 2: section and member analysis, Proceedings, Institution of Civil Engineers, Structures and Buildings. 2010, 163, No.SB1: 29-39. |
| Ng P.L., Lam Y.K. and Kwan A.K.H., Tension stiffening in concrete beams. Part 1: FE analysis, Proceedings, Institution of Civil Engineers, Structures and Buildings. 2010, 163, No.SB1: 19-28. |
| Researcher : Ng TST |
| Project Title: | Reinventing Hong Kong Construction Industry for Sustainable Development |
| Investigator(s): | Ng TST, Lee PKK, Kumaraswamy MM, Lee CF |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Construction Industry Institute Hong Kong - General Award |
| Start Date: | 10/2006 |
| Abstract: |
| To review the development of the local construction industry and identify the key factors contributing to the present status of the construction industry in Hong Kong; to summarise the ways in which the construction industry of other advanced countries reacted and adjusted during periods of construction volume shrinkage; to explore available opportunities and identify possible options in response to the prevailing market conditions and regional developpment trends; to confirm with construction stakeholders the feasibility of the identified options and their potential value in promoting a more balanced and sustainable industry. |
| Project Title: | Development Strategy for Professional Resources of Hong Kong's Construction and Related Engineering Services Sector |
| Investigator(s): | Ng TST, Kumaraswamy MM, Wong JMW |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Works Branch, Development Bureau - General Award |
| Start Date: | 08/2007 |
| Abstract: |
| To evaluate the Hong Kong market situation in order to project the future manpower demands of the local construction industry in 2008-2012; to identify and evaluate the market opportunities for Hong Kong professional resources and special needs in the areas of architectural, engineering, landscape architectural, surveying and town planning in selected cities in Mainland, South East Aisa and Middle East, as well as Macau in 2008-2012. |
| Project Title: | A comprehensive policy framework for public private partnerships schemes in Hong Kong |
| Investigator(s): | Ng TST |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Public Policy Research |
| Start Date: | 10/2007 |
| Completion Date: | 12/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| The purpose of this study is to formulate a comprehensive policy framework to guide the feasibility, tendering and operation stages of Public Private Partnerships (PPP) schemes with a desire to uphold the government's credibility and promote social harmony as envisioned in the Chief Executive's policy philosophy of "strong governance for the people". To achieve the stated purpose, the following objectives are envisaged: i) to investigate the current PPP policy and its strengths and weakness, ii) to identify the critical success factors of PPP from the perspective of various stakeholders, iii) to develop an appraisal tool for financial and socio-economic factors identified in (ii), iv) to formulate a comprehensive policy framework for PPP based on (i)-(iii), and v) to verify the policy and appraisal tool developed in (iii) & (iv). |
| Project Title: | Vector error correction modelling technique applied to sectoral construction demand forecasting |
| Investigator(s): | Ng TST |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2008 |
| Completion Date: | 06/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| (1) To review the currently used approaches for construction demand forecasting in Hong Kong and other jurisdictions. (2) To identify a set of key performance indicators that best reflects the pattern of construction industry development in Hong Kong. (3) To examine the variables influencing the demand of various construction sub-sectors in Hong Kong. (4) To develop vector error correction models for forecasting the future demand of various construction sub-sectors. (5) To validate and verify the predictive models developed |
| Project Title: | Prediction of financial healthiness of construction companies at times of economic austerity |
| Investigator(s): | Ng TST, Wong JMW |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 04/2008 |
| Abstract: |
| I. Key Issues and Problems The construction industry enjoyed its long lasting prosperity before 1998. According to the data provided by the Census and Statistics Department (2007), the annual gross value of construction output by the main contractors had been continuously growing since 1983. Unfortunately, the unexpected shock brought by the Asian financial crisis which was followed by the local economic recession, the trend of the construction industry was on the reversed cycle recording a dropped of more than 47% in construction volume in 2006 when compared with its peak level. The unemployment rate of the construction workers has also been considerably higher than that of other local industries, reaching a historical height of 20.1% in 2003 (Census and Statistics Department, 2007). The chain effects of the depression of construction industry cannot be ignored. The industry ties in a substantial amount of capital investment and corporate relationships that the collapse of individual construction company will harm the other related business parties such as the public agents, private developers, materials suppliers and financial institutions. A symbolic case is the business failure of Dickson Group Holdings Limited which seriously disrupted the public housing supply programme of the Housing Authority. The industry employs a significant working population in Hong Kong. The employment instability of construction workers has created societal problems and burden. For survival, the construction companies need to compete for projects at a cut-throat price. Usually it is at the tradeoff of the work quality, which consequently leads to long-term problems of the end-users. The financial status of local construction companies is normally evaluated using traditional financial ratios and the renowned Altman’s business distress model (Edum-Fotwe et al, 1996). The output of the model is a composite indicator (i.e. Z-Score), which was originally created to discriminate between the financially distressed and the financially healthy companies (Altman, 1968). An initial analysis was conducted by the investigators based on the financial data of 36 construction publicly listed companies in Hong Kong. Data was extracted from their published annual reports which cover the period between 1994 and 2006. An annual weighted mean was derived based on the relative weighting of the construction segment turnover of individual company to total turnover of all companies in the same year to reflect the average corporate financial performance within the industry. The results which include the corporate Z-Scores and some financial ratios like the liquidity and profitability showed that the corporate financial performance of the construction companies was substantially deteriorated since 1998 and extremely volatile in the subsequent period. All the three trends examined had sharp troughs in 1999 and 2003. The trends rebounded since 2003 and appear to gradually attain a relatively stable level in recent years. The results confirm that the construction business in Hong Kong had faced critical challenges and serious disturbances in the last decade. Most of the previous research on corporate performance of construction industry followed the Altman’s studies, which aim at developing models or indicators to distinguish the financially distressed and the financially healthy construction companies. Some early works (e.g. Mason and Harris, 1979; Zhai and Russell, 1999) purely utilized the corporate financial data in their analysis while the latest works (e.g. Tang and Ogunlana, 2003) and tried to relate the corporate performance with the external factors such the macro economic and industrial variables. Most works are based on the overseas experiences, and relevant studies in local context (e.g. Chan, Tam and Cheung, 2005a and 2005b) are very rare. In addition, no study has investigated the impact of sudden change in external environment on the corporate financial status of the construction industry at the micro level. In general, any sudden fluctuation in environmental factors, such as an escalation of the key resource prices, will impose a dramatic disturbance on finance performance and stability such as the liquidity, profitability and gearing ratio of a company. However, the interrelationship between the variation of these macro variables and the corporate financial performance of construction firms is still unexplored. II. Aim and Objectives The purpose of the study is to develop a model to predict the dynamic interactions between the macro economic variables and financial performance of construction companies and forecast the long-term impacts on financial status when significant change in the economic condition occurs. More specifically, the objectives of the study involve: 1) To assess the changing financial performance of local construction companies subsequent to the economic downturn; 2) To explore the currently used approaches for modelling contractor financial performance in Hong Kong and other jurisdictions; 3) To examine the factors influencing the financial performance of construction companies in Hong Kong and to unveil their relationships; and 4) To determine the lag effects and sensitivity of construction financial performance to economic shocks. |
| Project Title: | Equipping construction and related engineering students for the global market needs |
| Investigator(s): | Ng TST, Wong JMW |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Leung Kau Kui Research and Teaching Endowment Fund - Teaching Grants |
| Start Date: | 09/2008 |
| Abstract: |
| I. Key Issues and Problems The Mainland’s 11th Five-Year Plan outlines the new modes as well as the new targets and objectives of China’s future development, where Hong Kong is first included in the five-year planning of China. Mainland enterprises have been prompted to demand greater support from difference kinds of services, especially professional services. Hence, Hong Kong has to seize all kinds of opportunities while proactively responding to and coping with the challenges arising from the implementation of the 11th Five-Year Plan. Following the Economic Summit on ‘China’s 11th Five-Year Plan and the Development of Hong Kong’ held in September 2006, a sub-group on Professional Services was established under the Focus Group on Professional Services, Information and Technology and Tourism to follow up the deliberations at the Economic Summit. A spectrum of strategic proposals was formulated to foster the development and promotion of professional services. One of the key strategic proposals for construction and related engineering profession is to "strengthen the support for the development of the local construction and related engineering services sector in the Mainland and overseas markets", including reinforcing the initiatives to attract, maintain and nurture professionals. II. Aim and Objectives of the Study The aim of this study is to identify suitable strategies and implementation plans to nurture construction and related engineering students in order to maximise their opportunities in the increasingly globalise markets. The detailed objectives of this study include: 1) To review of current curricula for construction and related engineering disciplines being offered by local institutions; 2) To examine the strengths and weaknesses of the local construction and engineering related programmes; 3) To identify the expectations of China and other emerging countries when recruiting HK construction and related engineering graduates; 4) To investigate whether the construction and related engineering programmes offered by HKU have met the expectations in (3) above; and 5) To formulate strategies and implementation plans to nurture the student to enhance their competitiveness to capitalise the opportunities. |
| Project Title: | A negotiation protocol for long-term strategic planning of construction |
| Investigator(s): | Ng TST, Wong JMW |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 06/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| Key Issues and Problems Construction industry has long been a pillar of Hong Kong’s economy. In 2007, the total gross value of construction works amounted to approximately $93 billion in nominal terms contributing to around 6 percent of the gross domestic product (Census and Statistics Department, 2008a). The sector employed some 280,000 people in the same year which was equivalent to almost 8 percent of the total workforce in the territory (Census and Statistics Department, 2008b). However, the global financial meltdown has resulted in a severe cut in private construction activities. While the ten major infrastructure projects should relief the tension of bankruptcy or unemployment in short to medium term (Cheung et al, 2008), better long-term planning at strategic level would not only improve the confidence of construction stakeholders, but could also help stabilise the overall economy as well as the society as a whole. Despite that, devising a successful strategic plan for construction is never an easy task as it may affect the interests of the government, the investors and the society by and large (IAPP, 2000). Like other advanced countries, strategic planning for construction has not been taken up seriously in Hong Kong. As demonstrated by the ten major infrastructure projects, the government did not direct enough effort understanding and analysing the concerns of the investors and the general public. This would not only lead to unnecessary disputes (Soneryd and Weldon, 2003), but could also hinder the implementation certain key construction projects just like the West Kowloon Cultural District or the Kai Tak Cruise Terminal. One way to minimise the conflict when formulating a strategic plan for construction is by introducing the concept of public participation (Creighton, 2005). Getting the public to participate in the planning process has been commonly adopted in Hong Kong. However, the downside of involving the public is that decisions may be overshadowed by the strong views of general public if no thorough investigation is conducted to examine the things to be considered (Rietbergen-McCracken and Narayan, 1997), and this could induce biases or unfairness. To improve the transparency and accuracy of this type of decision, approaches in artificial intelligence in particular the multi-agent systems may have a strong avenue (Billari et al, 2006). However, before an agent-based system is built, it is essential to determine the predominant characteristics of negotiation items and formulate a suitable negotiation strategy. Purpose of Proposed Project The purpose of this investigation is to devise a negotiation protocol which is suitable for the strategic planning of construction so as to enable the interests of the government, investors and general public be carefully captured and analysed before any key decisions are made. To do that necessitate the following operational objectives be achieved: 1) To examine the current practice of strategic planning in construction; 2) To identify the interests and considerations of various stakeholders in strategic planning; 3) To formulate a negotiation protocol based on (2); and 4) To verify the suitability of the developed negotiation protocol. |
| Project Title: | HKU Overseas Fellowship Awards 2009-10 |
| Investigator(s): | Ng TST |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | HKU Overseas Fellowship Awards |
| Start Date: | 09/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| To visit the Department of Civil and Building Engineering in Loughborough University, UK to develop innovative strategic research areas for construction industry development and to determine the operation mode of a new international journal. |
| Project Title: | A model for establishing the carbon footprint of construction materials in Hong Kong |
| Investigator(s): | Ng TST, Wong JMW |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 04/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| Key Issues and Problems Excessive greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been recognised as the root cause for climate change (IPCC, 2007). Scientists propose capping the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations to below 450 parts per million with the desire to keep the global temperature increase to less than 2 degree Centigrade (Baer and Mastrandrea, 2006). This requires global emissions to be cut back to 60-75 percent of the 1990 levels by 2020 (UNFCCC, 2007). Many countries around the globe are adopting mandatory or voluntary measures to control greenhouse gas emissions, and Hong Kong is no exception. As highlighted in the Policy Address 2009-10, the Government of the HKSAR is committed to reducing the energy intensity of Hong Kong by at least 25 percent by 2030, compared with 2005 levels. The construction industry has a critical role to play for the commitment, as the intensity of CO2 emissions in the industry is very noticeable (Gonzalez and Navarro, 2006). Goldenberg (1998) calculated that a third of the energetic expense, and therefore of the production of GHGs, comes directly or indirectly from the construction activity. In particular, construction material manufacturing usually contributes 70 percent of the construction GHG emissions (Smith et al, 2002). Minimising the output of CO2 in the construction field through the selection of materials is therefore highly desirable (Hill and Bowen, 1997). Over the last decade, various tools and certification systems for appraising the environmental impact of construction design and materials have been developed, such as the life cycle analysis rating method (Wooley et al, 1997); lifecycle assessment models (Jönsson, 1998; Tukker, 2000); environmental performance assessment method (CIB, 1998); Building Research Establishment environmental assessment method (BREEAM) (BRE, 1998); Hong Kong Building environmental assessment method (HKBEAM) (CET, 1999); leadership in energy and environmental design (LEED) (USGBC, 2001); etc. While these tools have some strong attributes for use in the analysis of buildings (Veys, 2008), most of the construction industry energy considerations have been made with respect to the design and operational phases rather than the construction stage (Dias and Pooliyadda, 2004). Even for materials and resources, focus was merely on reuse/recycle of materials and waste management. Fieldson et al (2009) stress the importance of making the best decisions on materials in the early stages of a project, which can reduce overall life cycle emission. A practical mitigation mechanism to reduce CO2 emissions through undergoing rapid development is carbon labelling (Brenton et al, 2008). This involves measuring carbon footprints from the production of products or services and conveying that information to consumers and those making sourcing decisions within companies (Carbon Trust, 2007). Well designed schemes will create incentives for production of different parts of the supply chain to move to lower emission materials, approaches, or locations. Thus carbon labelling is an instrument that enables construction professionals and policy makers to make appropriate choices on types building materials. Existing carbon assessment standards are essentially a set of norms, or ‘guidance manuals’ rather than tools for calculating products or service carbon footprints, hence they need to be supported by appropriate set of quantitative tools and datasets based on any guidelines. There are a number of footprint tools available, however, not many of them apply the life cycle approach and few are suitable for use by the construction industry primarily due to their different calculation methodology and region specific datasets (Fieldson et al, 2009). With the ever increasing awareness of the strong links between the environment and the economy, clients have an undeniable obligation to ensure their projects are environmentally responsible by introducing measures at the construction process (Suzuki, 1995; Sterner, 2002). Hence, a carbon footprint evaluation model tailor-made for the Hong Kong industry, which takes into account the embedded energy and CO2 emission caused by various types of construction products, to insistently monitor and control of GHGs at the project level is indispensable. Purpose of the Proposed Project This research aims to develop a model for establishing the carbon footprint of construction materials for the Hong Kong construction industry. By tracing the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions embodied in a construction material through the proposed model, a “carbon label” can be assigned to each construction material and thus allows clients, consultants and contractors to decide which construction materials to be adopted to meet their peculiar emission goals. Specific objectives to achieve the stipulated aim are: i) To examine the existing carbon footprint calculators and their applicability to the construction industry; ii) To unveil the characteristics of different categories of construction materials and their effects on greenhouse gas emissions; iii) To identify the generic elements encapsulating carbon footprint of various construction materials; and iv) To establish a practical model to assess the carbon footprint of construction materials used in Hong Kong. |
| Project Title: | Sixth International Conference on Urban Regeneration and Sustainability (The Sustainable City 2010) Public Participation in Public Private Partnerships Projects - The Way Forward |
| Investigator(s): | Ng TST |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 04/2010 |
| Completion Date: | 04/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Chow L.K. and Ng T.S.T., Delineating the performance levels of engineering consultants at design stage, Construction Management and Economics. Taylor & Francis, 2010, 28(1): 3-11. |
| Fan Y.C., Ng T.S.T. and Wong J.M.W., Reliability of the Box-Jenkins model for forecasting construction demand during economic austerity, Construction Management and Economics. 2010, 28(3): 241-254. |
| Li H. and Ng T.S.T., A framework of public engagement for PPP projects in China, In: R. McCaffer, A. Gibb & A.N. Baldwin, Proceedings: Global Innovation in Construction Conference 2009, September 13-16, Loughborough University, Loughborough. 2009, 46-56. |
| Li H. and Ng T.S.T., A study on the social assessment of infrastructure projects in China, In: A. Dainty, Proceedings: ARCOM 25th Annual Conference 2009, September 7-9, Albert Hall, Nottingham. 2009, 917-925. |
| Mak M.M.Y. and Ng T.S.T., Feng shui – a Chinese approach to integrated design, In: C.T. Tzeng, S. Emmitt & M. Prins, Proceedings: International Symposium on Future Trends in Architectural Management (CIB-W096), November 2-3, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. 2009, 129-138. |
| Ng T.S.T. and Liu Q., A multiple regression model for predicting the volume of public works in Hong Kong, In: P. Barrett, Proceedings: CIB World Congress 2010, May 10-13, The Lowry, Salford Quays, Manchester, UK. 2010, 12 pages. |
| Ng T.S.T., Wong M.W. and Wong J.M.W., A structural equation model of feasibility evaluation and project success for public private partnerships, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. IEEE, 2010, 57(2): 310-322. |
| Ng T.S.T., CIB World Congress 2010: CIB W55 Building Economics Best Paper Award (Title of Paper: A multiple regression model for predicting the volume of public construction works in Hong Kong), Taylor and Francis. 2010. |
| Ng T.S.T., Editorial Board, Construction Innovations - Information, Process, Management. Bingley, UK, Emerald, 2009. |
| Ng T.S.T., Editorial Board, International Journal of Information Technology Project Management. Hershey, PA, IGI Publishing, 2010. |
| Ng T.S.T., Editorial Board, The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal. Oak Park, Illinois, USA, Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., 2010. |
| Ng T.S.T., Wong K.W.K. and Wong J.M.W., Equipping construction and related engineering students for the market needs in mainland China, In: H.W. Chu, J. Baralt & J.V. Carrasquero, Proceedings: 2nd International Symposium on Engineering Education and Educational Technologies (EEET 2010), June 29 - July 2, Rosen Center Hotel, Orlando, Florida. 2010, 5 pages. |
| Ng T.S.T., Tang Z. and Ekambaram P., Factors contributing to the success of equipment-intensive subcontractors in construction, International Journal of Project Management. Elsevier, 2009, 27(7): 736-744. |
| Ng T.S.T., Wong K.K.W. and Li H., Improving public consultation in developing economies – lessons learnt from North America, In: A.R.A. Aziz, Proceedings: International Symposium on Construction in Developing Economies: Similarities among Diversities (CIB-W107), October 5-7, Bayview Hotel, Penang, Malaysia. 2009, 456-466. |
| Ng T.S.T., Managing Editor, International Journal of Building Environment Project and Asset Management. Emerald, 2010. |
| Ng T.S.T. and Wong J.M.W., Proceedings: HKICM Symposium 2010: New Visions of the Middle East Construction Industry – Opportunities and Challenges Ahead. Hong Kong Institute of Construction Managers Press, 2010, 68 pages. |
| Ng T.S.T., Wong J.M.W. and Wong K.W.K., Public participation in public private partnership projects – the way forward, In: C.A. Brebbia, S. Hernandez & E. Tiezzi, Proceedings: Sixth International Conference on Urban Regeneration and Sustainability, April 14-16, La Coruña, Spain. 2010, 9 pages. |
| Ng T.S.T., Who’s Who in the World 2010 Edition, Marquis. 2009. |
| Soo K.L., Kumaraswamy M.M., Ng T.S.T. and Ling F.Y.Y., Role-playing for Group Learning of Law in Engineering and Construction Programmes’, ASCE Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction. USA, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009, 1, No. 4: 169-172. |
| Wong J.M.W. and Ng T.S.T., Company failure in the construction industry: a critical review and a future research agenda, In: P. Harcombe, Proceedings: FIG International Congress 2010, April 11-16, Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre, Sydney, Australia. 2010, 17 pages. |
| Wong J.M.W. and Ng T.S.T., Construction at the crossroads: strategic planning for its sustainable development, Habitat International. Elsevier Ltd, 2009, 34(2): 256-263. |
| Wong J.M.W. and Ng T.S.T., Econometric modelling and forecasting of private housing demand, In: A.T. Molnar, Economic Forecasting. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York., 2009. |
| Wong K.W.K., Kumaraswamy M.M., Mahesh G. and Ng T.S.T., Improving the image and sustainability of the Hong Kong construction industry through societal engagement for balanced infrastructure Development, Proceedings: 16th International Sustainable Development Research Conference, May 30 - June 1, The Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, Hong Kong. Hong Kong, The University of Hong Kong, 2010, 574-582. |
| Xie J. and Ng T.S.T., A multi-objective decision support model for public private partnerships schemes, In: P. Barrett, Proceedings: CIB World Congress 2010, May 10-13, The Lowry, Salford Quays, Manchester, UK. 2010, 11 pages. |
| Yeung A.T., Ng T.S.T., Tham L.G. and Lee P.K.K., HKU's double professional civil engineering and law programme, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Management, Procurement and Law. 2010, 163(MP2): 77-85. |
| Researcher : Niu J |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Chen J., Niu J. and Sivakumar B., Development of simple runoff models for Hong Kong, WPGM, Taipei. 2010. |
| Chen J. and Niu J., High anomaly streamflow in a head water basin of the East River in South China, Hydrology in the 21th Century: Links to the past, and a vision for the future, Steve Burges Retirement Symposium. 2010. |
| Niu J. and Chen J., Dominant variability in terrestrial hydrological processes over the Pearl River basin in southern China, AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco. 2009. |
| Niu J. and Chen J., Terrestrial hydrological features of the Pearl River basin in southern China, Journal of Hydro-environmental Research . 2010. |
| Researcher : Pam HJ |
| Project Title: | Effects of strain gradient on reinforced concrete compressive and flexural strengths |
| Investigator(s): | Pam HJ, Ho JCM |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 03/2008 |
| Completion Date: | 03/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| Prior to the mid nineties, determination of the flexural strength of a reinforced concrete (RC) member was based on the working stress or elastic method, which gave very conservative results. This method adopted elastic or linear stress-strain relationships for steel reinforcement and concrete, which are not realistic. Not until 1938 that the working stress method was replaced by the strength method. The latter method allows steel reinforcement to yield and adopts non-linear concrete stress-strain relationships. Although the strength method gives a more economical result, it still underestimates the actual flexural strength of an RC member. The problem is most probably caused by ignoring the effect of strain gradient induced by bending across the depth of concrete section when adopting the respective concrete stress from the stress-strain relationships. Up to now, all design codes in the world adopt concrete stress-strain curves obtained from concentric compressive tests. The underestimation without taking into account the safety factors can be as high as 30% and it will even be higher if the safety factors are taken into account. Therefore, research is needed to revise the concrete stress-strain curve for use in the strength method in order to achieve further economical results. The objectives of this proposed research work are: (1) To investigate the effects of strain gradient on concrete compressive stress-strain relationships that are widely adopted by most of the design codes. (2) By taking into account the strain gradient, to produce concrete stress-strain curves that are suitable for flexural design calculation of RC members. |
| Project Title: | 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (14WCEE) Proposed confinement steel design within critical region for limited ductile high-strength reinforced concrete columns |
| Investigator(s): | Pam HJ |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 10/2008 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| Project Title: | Feasibility of hybrid RC-masonry structure design for earthquake resistance |
| Investigator(s): | Pam HJ |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 06/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| Recent devastating earthquakes (EQs) (e.g. Wenchuan in China 12/5/2008, Samoa Island 29/9/2008, Padang in Indonesia 30/9/2009, etc.) caused severe failure beyond repair and even brittle collapse to majority of residential houses constructed of plain masonry (bricks). Similar failures also happened to many residential masonry houses containing not-properly designed reinforced concrete (RC) beams and columns. Plain masonry buildings cannot be relied on to resist EQs as they always fail in a brittle manner, and therefore they should be banned for EQ regions. However, masonry buildings that have RC beams and columns should be able to withstand EQs provided they are designed properly. This type of buildings is normally termed as “confined masonry” buildings, which consists of plain masonry walls (made of either clay bricks or concrete block units) confined on all four sides by RC columns (vertical members) and RC beams (horizontal members). The RC column is termed tie-column or practical column, which is not meant to take any gravity load, and therefore its cross-section dimensions are smaller than those of an ordinary RC column. The RC beam is termed tie-beam, whose cross-section dimensions are also smaller than those of an ordinary RC beam. Alternatively, the RC beams and columns may be referred to as horizontal ties and vertical ties, respectively. In fact, confined masonry buildings have been adopted since the early of 20th century (1900’s). Since 1949, the construction of one- or two- storey confined masonry buildings in Chile has been regulated by the code [Brzev 2007], and since then research on confined masonry buildings around the world has progressed slowly. Triggered by recent major earthquakes that caused damages and collapses of confined masonry buildings, extensive research on this topic has escalated in the late 1990’s [Aguilar et al 1996, Tomazevic and Klemenc 1997, Hashemi et al 2003, Yoshimura and Kuroki 2003, Alcocer et al 2004, Meisl et al 2006, Brzev 2007, etc.]. In confined masonry buildings, RC beams and columns act only as ties and confinement to masonry walls (see Fig. 1) to prevent collapse of the building, but cannot prevent severe damages and/or soft storeys; whereas the masonry walls carry all the gravity loads as well as resist the lateral EQ loads. In contrast with confined masonry buildings, the beams and columns in RC frame buildings carry gravity as well as lateral EQ loads, while the masonry walls have no function and act as infill only. Therefore, their cross-section dimensions are much larger compared to those in confined masonry buildings. However, for a simple ordinary residential house, RC frame building is not necessary, as it is much more expensive compared to a confined masonry building and its strength can be too excessive. In this research, a new type of “hybrid RC-masonry” building will be proposed. This research will combine the advantages of both confined masonry and RC frame buildings in that the beam-column frames will carry all gravity loads and part of EQ load, while masonry walls will carry the rest of the lateral EQ load. This way, the masonry walls will become the weakest region and may suffer damage during EQ attacks, however, the building will not collapse and the RC frame will not suffer severe damage. Post-EQ repair can easily be carried out to the masonry walls and the building can be reused immediately because its structural frames are still in good shape. Table 1 compares confined masonry building, RC frame building and the proposed hybrid-RC building. It is obvious from the table that the proposed hybrid RC-masonry building is much better than confined masonry building and also more economical than RC frame building. The long-term objective of this research is to investigate the feasibility of the proposed hybrid RC-masonry buildings, including optimizing the dimensions of RC beam-column frames, ductility of hybrid-RC system, streamline the design guidelines for hybrid-RC buildings, etc. As it will take a much longer time and need a larger amount of grant to achieve this longterm objective, this research proposal will form a pilot project to the long-term research, which the PI and Co-I will later apply an external grant via NSFC (National Natural Science Foundation of China) / RGC (Research Grants Council of Hong Kong) Joint Research Scheme. Application to the latter grant body is justified as this is a collaborative research between HKU and South China University of Technology (SCUT), where all of the experimental tests will be carried out in SCUT. The objectives of this proposed pilot research project are: 1. To investigate the feasibility of the proposed hybrid RC-masonry buildings by means of 2-dimensional hybrid RC-masonry walls. 2. In relation to item 1, to conduct experimental tests on 2- dimensional hybrid RC-masonry walls. 3. In relation to items 1 and 2, to conduct numerical analyses on 2-dimensional hybrid RC-masonry walls. |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Pam H.J. and Ho J.C.M., Effects of steel lap splice locations on strength and ductility of reinforced concrete columns, In: Prof J.G. Teng, Advances in Structural Engineering. UK, Multi-Science Publishing Co Ltd, 2009, 13(1): 199-214. |
| Pam H.J. and Ho J.C.M., Length of critical region for confinement steel in limited ductility high-strength reinforced concrete columns, In: Prof S. Kitipornchai, Engineering Structures. NY, USA, Elsevier, 2009, 31: 2896-2908. |
| Peng J., Ho J.C.M., Pam H.J. and Wong Y.L., Concrete compressive stress distribution of RC members subjected to flexure, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings. 2009, 527-537. |
| Yang Y., Pam H.J. and Kumaraswamy M.M., Framework Development of Performance Prediction Models for Concrete Bridges, Journal of Transportation Engineering. USA, ASCE, 2009, 135, No. 8: 545-554. |
| Researcher : Pan ADE |
| Project Title: | Cross Strait Conference on Steel Structures A Review of Tubular Steel Scaffold Systems and Modes of Failure |
| Investigator(s): | Pan ADE |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 05/2000 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| Researcher : Pei X |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Pei X., Wong S.C. and Sze N.N., Negative binomial regression model for disaggregate analysis of road accidents in Hong Kong, Paper presented at the 14th HKSTS International Conference, 10-12 December, Hong Kong. Hong Kong, 2009. |
| Pei X., Wong S.C. and Sze N.N., Negative binomial regression model for road accidents analysis in Hong Kong, Paper presented at the 89th Annual Meeting of Transportation Research Board, 10-14 January. Washington D.C., USA, 2010. |
| Researcher : Peng J |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Peng J., Ho J.C.M., Pam H.J. and Wong Y.L., Concrete compressive stress distribution of RC members subjected to flexure, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings. 2009, 527-537. |
| Researcher : Ren T |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Ren T., Xiao F. and Li X.Y., Investigation of the deformable feature of bio-flocs and its influence on mass transport using particle image velocimetry (PIV), 3rd IWA Asia-Pacific Regional (ASPIRE) Conference, Taipei, Taiwan. Taipei, Taiwan, 2009. |
| Ren T., Mu Y.A.N.G., Liu L., Yu H.Q. and Li X.Y., Quantification of the shear stresses in a microbial granular sludge reactor, Water Research. Elsevier, 2009, 43: 4643-4651. |
| Researcher : Shao M |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Shao M., Zhang T. and Fang H.H.P., Chemolithotrophic denitrification in nitrate-induced anoxic marine sediment remediation and isolation of AST-10 a novel Thiomicrospira denitrificans-like bacterial strain, FEMS 2009. June 28 - July 2, 2009, Gothenburg, Sweden. . 2009. |
| Shao M., Zhang T. and Fang H.H.P., Autotrophic denitrification and its effect on metal speciation during marine sediment remediation., Water Research. 2009, 43(12): 2961-2968. |
| Zhang M., Zhang T., Shao M. and Fang H.H.P., Autotrophic denitrification in nitrate-induced marine sediment remediation and Sulfurimonas denitrificans-like bacteria , Chemosphere. 2009, 76(5): 677-682. |
| Researcher : Sheng G |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Fang F., Ni B.J., Li X.Y., Sheng G. and Yu H.Q., Kinetic analysis of the twp-step process of AOB and NOB in aerobic nitrifying granules, Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology. 2009, 83: 1159-1169. |
| Ni B.J., Sheng G., Li X.Y. and Yu H.Q., Quantitative simulation of the granulation process of activated sludge for wastewater treatment, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2010, 49: 2864-2873. |
| Sheng G., Li A., Li X.Y. and Yu H.Q., Effects of seed sludge properties and selective biomass discharge on aerobic sludge granulation, Chemical Engineering Journal. 2010, 160: 108-114. |
| Shi X.Y., Sheng G., Li X.Y. and Yu H.Q., Operation of a sequencing batch reactor for cultivating autotrophic nitrifying granules, Bioresource Technology. 2010, 101: 2960-1964. |
| Researcher : Shi W |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Shi W., Tong C.O., Wong S.C. and Yang H., Influence of multi-class customer-searching strategy of taxi drivers on taxi system performance, Paper presented at the 14th HKSTS International Conference, 10-12 December, Hong Kong. Hong Kong, 2009. |
| Shi W., Tong C.O., Wong S.C. and Yang H., Influence of vacant taxi driver’s customer searching strategy on taxi system performance, Paper presented at the Eleventh International Conference on Advanced Systems for Public Transport, 20-22 July, Hong Kong. Hong Kong, Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies, 2009. |
| Researcher : Shih K |
| Project Title: | Incorporation Mechanisms of Nickel and Copper Waste Solids in Ceramic Materials |
| Investigator(s): | Shih K |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Applied Research |
| Start Date: | 06/2008 |
| Completion Date: | 09/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| Hazardous metal waste solids are among the most environmentally dangerous types of wastes, as they can be highly mobile and are capable of leaching into water supplies leading to bioaccumulation. When addressing waste metal releases, a common strategy is to remove them from wastestreams by precipitation processes that result in hazardous metal-laden sludge, thereby qualifying the sludge as hazardous waste. Another source can come from the incineration of hazardous metal containing solid waste, which results in hazardous metal-concentrated fly ash. Fly ash generated from the incineration of domestic solid wastes has been frequently reported with hazardous metal contents of copper, cadmium, lead, nickel, zinc and chromium (Struis et al., 2004). The generators of industrial wastestreams, such as metal plating industry, are also having a great need for innovative strategy to treat their wastewater and sludge, laden with hazardous metals like nickel, copper, and chromium. The rapid growth of hazardous metal waste due to the industrialization in Asia creates incredibly impact on human health and ecosystem. At present, the majority of hazardous metal laden waste or its derived forms are disposed of in controlled landfills. However, this option is expensive and is encouraging many Asian industries to seek alternatives for wastestream management. Hong Kong has been a key role as the technology resource for industry consulting needs in Asia and is competent to pursue the leading position in this environmental market. Moreover, Hong Kong is looking for alternatives to replace the current strategy of landfill for domestic solid waste and sewage sludge, and the incineration (or combustion) has been proposed as a core technology to be this alternative (HKEPD, 2005). Therefore, an economical and effective strategy to stabilize hazardous metals in fly ash will be an urgent need for this practice. Portland cement is a hydraulic cement produced by pulverizing clinkers consisting essentially of hydraulic calcium silicates, usually containing one or more of the forms of calcium sulfate as an inter ground addition. Portland cement is usually added as a binder to immobilize heavy metals because of its low cost and effectiveness in terms of current regulation (Bonen and Sarkar, 1995). However, it was found that the stabilization mechanisms of cement additives include encapsulation, adsorption, and precipitation rather than incorporation of metals into crystalline matrix. Thus, the metals in cement products are not unconditionally stable and the immobilized reaction(s) may be reversible. Many experimental observations have shown these cement additives were generally not able to prevent leaching of hazardous metals in acidic environments, i.e., at pH less than 4.0 (Cheeseman et al., 1993; Yousuf et al., 1995), or under conditions with aggressive CO2 attack (Bonen and Sarkar, 1995). Therefore, other hazardous metal stabilization strategies, which depend on irreversible reaction mechanisms are needed. Based on the change of mineral phase during thermal treatment, many studies successfully demonstrated the stabilization of radioactive waste in glass and ceramic materials (Esh et al., 1999; Sun et al., 1999). Nevertheless, the radioactive nature of these products means they are limited to containment in geologic repositories. The purpose of this study is to study the thermal stabilization of hazardous metal-laden sludge and fly ash while incorporating them into aluminum-rich and iron-rich construction ceramics. The approach is to blend metal-laden waste solids, starting with nickel and copper, into ceramic raw materials and thermally generate stable metal phases within construction ceramic products. The annual production of construction ceramics is of a volume sufficient to receive the on-going generation of metal-laden solid waste, even if incorporated in trace concentration. In order to minimize the cost of waste blending, existing industrial production processes will be adapted to work within the limitations of precursor choice, sintering temperature and sintering time. A reliable metal stabilization strategy requires detailed analysis of immobilization mechanism(s) and thorough evaluation of long-term metal leachability. References: Bonen, D.; Sarkar, S. L. The effect of simulated environmental attack on immobilization of heavy metal doped in cement-based materials. Journal of Hazardous Materials 1995, 40, 321-335. Cheeseman, C. R.; Butcher, E. J.; Sollars, C. J.; Perry, R. Heavy metal leaching from hydroxide, sulphide and silicate stabilized/solidified wastes. Waste Management 1993, 13, 545-552. Esh, D. W.; Goff, K. M.; Hirsche, K. T.; Battisti, T. J.; Simpson, M. F.; Johnson, S. G.; Bateman, K. J. Development of a ceramic waste form for high-level waste disposal. Proceeding, Material Research Society Symposium; 1999, 107-113. HKEPD, A policy framework for the management of municipal solid waste (2005-2014), Environmental Protection Department, The Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 2005. Struis, R.P.W.J.; Ludwig, C.; Lutz, H.; Scheidegger, A.M. Speciation of zinc in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash after heat treatment: An X-ray absorption spectroscopy study, Environmental Science & Technology 2004, 38(13), 3760-3767. Sun, D.; Wronkiewicz, D. J.; Simpson, L. J. A Study of Alteration Phases on Glass-bonded Zeolite and Sodalite Using the Vapor Hydration Test. Proceeding, Material Research Society Symposium; 1999, 189-196. Yousuf, M.; Mollah, A.; Vempati, R.; Lin, T.; Cocke, D. The interfacial chemistry of solidification/stabilization of metals in cement and pozzolanic material systems. Waste Management 1995, 15, 137-148. |
| Project Title: | Fabrication of Anti-Biofouling PVDF Water Membrane through Impregnation of Alumina Nanomaterials |
| Investigator(s): | Shih K, Li XY, Zhang T |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Innovation and Technology Support Programme (Tier 2) |
| Start Date: | 11/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| The applicant research team are keen to develop the most crucial and innovative environmental materials while seeking the high product quality and availability in industrial applications. Three outstanding R&D goals aiming to couple inorganic nanomaterials into PVDF membrane for permanent alteration of membrane surface affinity toward hydrophobic bio-foulants are going to provide a significant breakthrough in water membrane anti-fouling technology. The objectives of this ITF project are: (1) Methodological investigation of the best impregnation strategy to embed alumina nanomaterials in the skin-top layer of PVDF hollow-fiber membranes, assisted by the product monitoring through electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron techniques. (2) Selection of best mineral phase and structural form of alumina material for being embedded in the final membrane product with detailed understanding of new surface property and pollutant interfacial behavior. (3) Development of next generation PVDF hollow-fiber membrane material with strong hydrophilicity provided by alumina nanomaterials to resist the adsorption and interfacial reaction with hydrophobic bio-foulants. |
| Project Title: | Sorption of Perfluorochemicals on Sediments and Sludge of Hong Kong |
| Investigator(s): | Shih K |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 11/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| Refer to hard copy |
| Project Title: | The 13th Mainland-Taiwan Environmental Protection Conference (MTEPC) (1) Detection of Perfluorochemicals in Sludge and Sediments in Hong Kong (2) Copper Stabilization and Detoxification of by Aluminate Spinel |
| Investigator(s): | Shih K |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 04/2010 |
| Completion Date: | 04/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| Project Title: | Sustainable Recycling Technology for Waterworks Sludge: Metal Speciation in Ceramic Products |
| Investigator(s): | Shih K |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 05/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| The purpose of this project is to conduct applied research to develop beneficial use of water treatment works sludge as raw materials for ceramic products (tiles, bricks, aggregates, pigments). Based on this goal, the fundamental science of how metal speciation evolves during thermal treatment of water treatment works sludge will be explored. Particularly, the capability of sludge in hosting major hazardous metals through thermal reactions will be thoroughly investigated with the attempts of identification, quantification and simulation. The leaching and other durability testes of metal-containing phases will be performed to evaluate the quality of resulted products. The state-of-the-art electron microscopies and X-ray tools will be utilized to investigate reactions to the nanoscale. Feasibility study will follow mechanistic investigation and aim to provide optimized processing parameters for this promising strategy. Sludge is the settleable solids separated from liquid during industrial processes, such as water and wastewater treatments. At this time, water treatment works sludge (also referred as waterworks sludge) remains an inescapable by-product of water treatment processes. Such sludges typically contain mineral and humic matters removed and precipitated from the raw water, together with the residues of any treatment chemicals used as coagulant (commonly aluminum or iron salts) and coagulant acids (mostly organic polymer). At Hong Kong, estimated around 40 thousands tons of waterworks sludge were generated every year. In Europe, several million tons of waterworks sludges are produced every year, and this may double by the next decade (Basibuyuk and Kalat, 2004). On a global scale, available literature estimates that a whopping 10 thousands tons of waterworks sludge is produced daily (Dharmappa et al., 1997). While considerable development has been made in waterworks sludge treatment, options available for its disposal are continually dwarfed by the increasingly stringent environmental regulations. Therefore, it is only a matter of time before the waterworks sludge issue becomes worrisome for every major city of the world. The goal of this project is to address this problem by providing a sustainable solution based on the scientific understandings of thermal reactions during the ceramic sintering of waterworks sludge. Similar to the waterworks sludge generated by many other cities, all the sludge generated from Hong Kong water treatment works were dewatered (as sludge cakes) and sent to local strategic landfills for disposal. Although the information of landfill disposal cost at Hong Kong for these water treatment works sludges is unavailable, a total disposal cost of staggering US$18-25 million per year was reported (Horth et al, 1994) in a case study of the Netherlands (estimated 34 thousands tons per year, comparing to 40 thousands tons at Hong Kong). With increasing problems and cost for landfill practice, Hong Kong is looking for alternatives to replace the landfill practice for domestic solid waste and sludge, and the incineration (or combustion) has been proposed as a core technology to be this alternative (HKEPD, 2005). With the rapid growth of Asian cities due to the industrialization and economic development, many of them will also start to seek more sustainable and efficient alternatives for treating their waterworks sludge. Hong Kong has been a key role as the technology resource for industry consulting needs in Asia, and it is our main objective to pursue the leading position of R&D for Hong Kong in this environmental technology market. With the high-temperatures during ceramic sintering, nearly all the organic contents in waterworks sludge will be oxidized and destroyed. The remaining inorganic components (mostly metal oxides) will be further enriched after such thermal treatment, and the metal speciation dominates the properties of ceramic products. The water treatment works at Hong Kong use aluminum salts as coagulant and result in aluminum-rich waterworks sludge. The principle investigator (PI) of this project has developed a spinel-formation technique to incorporate hazardous divalent metals together with aluminum-rich precursors to produce environmentally benign ceramics (Shih et al. 2006a, 2006b; Shih and Leckie, 2007). The approach of this project is to study the how the metals in waterworks sludge were stabilized after ceramic sintering, and also to explore the potential of using waterworks sludge to stabilize other hazardous waste metal sludge, such as nickel, copper and zinc. In order to minimize the cost of treatments, existing industrial ceramic production processes will be adapted to work within the limitations of mixing process, sintering temperature and sintering time. A reliable metal stabilization strategy requires detailed analysis of immobilization mechanism(s) and thorough evaluation of long-term metal leachability, which will be the main focuses discussed in this research. References: *Basibuyuk, M.; Kalat, D. G. The use of waterworks sludge for the treatment of vegetable oil refinery idustry waterwater, Journal of Environmental Technology 2004, 25(3), 373-380. *Dharmappa, H. B.; Hasia, A; Hagare, P. Water treatment plant residuals management, Water Science and Technology 1997, 35(8), 45-56. *HKEPD, A policy framework for the management of municipal solid waste (2005-2014), Environmental Protection Department, The Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 2005. *Horth, H.; Gendebien, A.; Agg, R.; Cartwright, N. Treatment and disposal of waterworks sludge in selected European counties, In: Foundation for Water Research technical reports no.0428, 1994. *Shih, K.; White, T. J.; Leckie, J. O. Spinel Formation for Stabilizing Simulated Ni-Laden Sludge with Aluminum-Rich Ceramic Precursors. Environmental Science & Technology 2006a, 40(16), 5077-5083. *Shih, K.; White, T. J.; Leckie, J. O. Nickel Stabilization Efficiency of Aluminate and Ferrite Spinels and their Leaching Behavior. Environmental Science & Technology 2006b, 40(17), 5520-5526. *Shih, K.; Leckie, J. O. Nickel Aluminate Spinel Formation during Sintering of Simulated Ni-Laden Sludge and Kaolinite. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 2007, 27, 91-99. |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Hu C.Y., Shih K. and Leckie J.O., Formation of Copper Aluminate Spinel and Cuprous Aluminate Delafossite to Thermally Stabilize Simulated Copper-Laden Sludge, Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2010, 181: 399-404. |
| Hu C.Y., Lo S.L., Liou Y.H., Hsu Y.W., Shih K. and Lin C.J., Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Near Natural Water by Copper-Iron Bimetallic Particles, Water Research . 2010, 44: 3101-3108. |
| Ma R., Wang F. and Shih K., Detection of Perfluorochemicals in Sludge and Sediments in Hong Kong., The 13th Mainland-Taiwan Environmental Protection Conference, Chongqing, China.. 2010. |
| Ma R. and Shih K., Partition and Fate of Perfluorochemicals in Wastewater Sludge, The 42nd IUPAC Congress: Chemistry Solutions, Glasgow, UK.. 2009. |
| Ma R. and Shih K., Perfluorochemicals in Wastewater Treatment Plants and Sediments in Hong Kong, Environmental Pollution . 2010, 158: 1354-1362. |
| Shih K., Associate Editor , HKIE Transactions. 2009. |
| Shih K., Characterizations of Environmental Materials for Pollution Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China. . 2010. |
| Shih K., Environmental Materials: Water Membrane Characterization and Material Design, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China. 2010. |
| Shih K., Tang Y., Wang Y., He Y. and Jiang X., Stabilized Nickel Phases via Aluminum- and Iron-Rich Ceramic Precursors., The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Asia/Pacific Annual Meeting, Guangzhou, China.. 2010. |
| Shih K., Thermal Stabilization for Nickel and Copper in Sludge, The 8th Young Chinese Environmental Scholars Symposium, Nanjing, China. . 2009. |
| Shih K., Thermal Technology for Stabilizing Hazardous Metals: Sludge and Incineration Ash Recycling, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Forum: Beauty for Brokenness – Highlights of Solid Waste and Wastewater Treatment Technologies, Hong Kong.. 2010. |
| Shih K., Transform Hazardous Metals from Sludge to Spinels: Examples of Nickel and Copper, 2009 Wuhan International Conference on the Environment, Wuhan, China.. 2009. |
| Shih K., XRD and Electron Microscopic Characterizations of Environmental Materials, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China.. 2010. |
| Tang Y., Shih K. and Chan K., Copper Aluminate Spinel in the Stabilization and Detoxification of Simulated Copper-Laden Sludge, Chemosphere. 2010, 80: 275-380. |
| Tang Y. and Shih K., Copper Stabilization and Detoxification of by Aluminate Spinel, The 13th Mainland-Taiwan Environmental Protection Conference, Chongqing, China.. 2010. |
| Tang Y., Shih K. and Lu X., Potential of Using Copper Aluminate Spinel to Stabilize Copper-Bearing Sludge., The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Asia/Pacific Annual Meeting, Guangzhou, China.. 2010. |
| Wang X., Shih K. and Li X.Y., Photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water under visible light using core/shell nano-catalysts, 3rd IWA Asia-Pacific Regional (ASPIRE) Conference, Taipei, Taiwan. Taipei, Taiwan, 2009. |
| Wang X., Shih K. and Li X.Y., Photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water under visible light using core/shell nano-catalysts, Water Science and Technology. 2010, 61(9): 2303-2308. |
| Researcher : Si X |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Au F.T.K. and Si X., Effects of long-term time-dependent behaviour on dynamic properties of cable-stayed bridges, Paper 270, abstract, 539-540, In: Walid Tizani, Proceedings of the International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, 30 June – 2 July 2010, Nottingham, UK. Nottingham, Nottingham University Press, 2010, 6 pages. |
| Au F.T.K. and Si X., Time-dependent analysis of frames taking into account creep, shrinkage and cable relaxation, In: F.T.K. Au, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings, 29-30 October 2009, Hong Kong, China. Singapore, Research Publishing, 2009, 649-658. |
| Si X., Au F.T.K. and Guo W.H., Riding comfort of a double-deck long-span bridge under both road vehicles and monorail trains, Proceedings of Second International Postgraduate Conference on Infrastructure and Environment, 1-2 June 2010, Hong Kong, China. Hong Kong, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 2010, 2: 196-203. |
| Si X., Au F.T.K., Su K.L. and Tsang N.C.M., Time-dependent analysis of concrete bridges with creep, shrinkage and cable relaxation, Paper 120, In: B.H.V. Topping, L.F. Costa Neves and R.C. Barros, Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal, 1-4 September 2009. Stirlingshire, Scotland, Civil-Comp Press, 17 pages. |
| Researcher : Siu WH |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Siu W.H. and Su K.L., Effects of plastic hinges on partial interaction behaviour of bolted side-plated beams, Journal of Constructional Steel Research. Oxford, UK, Elsevier, 2010, 66(5): 622-633. |
| Su K.L., Siu W.H. and Smith S.T., Effects of bolt-plate arrangements on steel plate strengthened reinforced concrete beams, Engineering Structures . Oxford, Elsevier Science, 2010, 32(6): 1769-1778. |
| Su K.L., Siu W.H., Zhu Y., Cheng B. and Wang L., Strengthening of reinforced concrete structures by bolted steel plates, Proceedings of The IStructE Asia Pacific Forum on Sustainability & Excellence in Structural Engineering, 10-11 June 2010, Shanghai, China. Shanghai, 2010, 59-73. |
| Researcher : Smith ST |
| Project Title: | Prevention of Debonding Failures in Externally Bonded Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composite Strengthening Systems using FRP Anchors |
| Investigator(s): | Smith ST |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2008 |
| Abstract: |
| (1) Experimentally quantify the fundamental behaviour of FRP anchors in uncracked and cracked concrete using a pull-out test to simulate tension loading, as well as a novel inclined shear pull test to simulate shear, and combined tension and shear loading. The failure mode, failure load, and load-displacement (ductility) response will be monitored. Important variables such as anchor diameter, embedment depth and concrete strength will be investigated. Different existing anchor designs will be tested. (2) Experimentally investigate the bond-slip behaviour between the FRP plate and concrete substrate to understand the full range process from debonding to anchor failure using an inclined shear pull test. (3) Test FRP flexurally-strengthened RC slabs fitted with FRP anchors. Anchors will be assessed in (i) their capability to inhibit/delay debonding of the FRP, and (ii) their ability to act as sole shear connection for partially debonded FRP. Model the slabs with finite elements. (4) Develop semi-empirical strength design models for anchors that can be used by consulting engineers with confidence. |
| Project Title: | Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Slabs with Large Penetrations using Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites |
| Investigator(s): | Smith ST |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 10/2008 |
| Abstract: |
| 1. Experimentally quantify the fundamental behaviour of two-way spanning RC slabs with penetrations which have been strengthened with adhesively bonded FRP composites and subjected to uniformly distributed loading. Two advanced strengthening schemes will be investigated, namely (i) EB plates with FRP anchors, and (ii) NSM strips. Particular attention will be devoted to strength, failure mechanisms, ductility and serviceability. 2. Develop an analytical model to determine the load carrying capacity and deflection of the strengthened slabs. The model can then be used in strength and serviceability limit state design respectively. 3. Develop a numerical model incorporating different failure modes observed in experiments. In order to understand the effect of various geometrical and material properties that are too difficult, time consuming or too expensive to ascertain from experimental testing alone, parametric studies will be performed with the numerical model. 4. Develop a holistic but rigorous design methodology based on the analytical model and parametric study results. Finally, conduct a cost effectiveness analysis |
| Project Title: | Novel Applications of FRP Anchors in Civil Infrastructure Repair |
| Investigator(s): | Smith ST |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 03/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| Existing reinforced concrete (RC) and timber civil infrastructure can be strengthened and repaired with externally bonded high-strength and light-weight fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Such technology has been proven to be most effective from experimental investigations over almost two-decades with practical applications for about one decade. Most activity has been confined to RC structures however timber structures can also benefit. A major obstacle to fully utilising the inherent benefits of FRP composites is their propensity to separate (also known as debonding) from the substrate of the material it is bonded to. Such debonding generally occurs suddenly and in a generally brittle manner and is therefore most undesirable. Anchorage of the FRP is therefore a logical remedy however the limited studies which have been conducted to date have been mainly confined to the strengthening of reinforced concrete and masonry structures. Also, a wide range of anchors has been tested however the so called FRP spike anchor (Kim and Smith 2008a, b) have been deemed by the PI to be the most promising due to their flexibility and potential use to a wide range a concrete and timber structural elements. FRP spike anchors (herein FRP anchors) have the potential to not only prevent or delay debonding but to also promote a more gradual failure of the strengthened specimen as the FRP would be allowed to debonding locally between the anchors this ensuring the effectiveness of the FRP strengthening. Eventual failure would then be by the much more accurately predicted modes of concrete crushing or rupture of the FRP strengthening plate. The PI is currently investigating the strength and behaviour of FRP anchors in isolation in concrete under pull-out forces and shear forces as part of a General Research Fund (GRF) grant of the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong which commenced in January 2008. Such tests are vital in characterising the anchors and in the development of numerical and analytical models which can be used in design. The primary objective of the project described herein is to explore the effectiveness of FRP anchors in preventing or delaying debonding of externally bonded FRP strengthening systems in different types of RC and timber structural elements. Such pilot tests and subsequent analysis will identify the structural elements which will benefit the most (and the least) from anchorage. In addition, the performance of the FRP anchors in damaged structural members (e.g. cracked RC or timber beam) will also be ascertained; damaged members are particularly important to address as the limited research which exists today is generally not suitable for design. The most promising pilot test results will then form the basis of more detailed investigations and in doing so will dictate the direction this research field will then assume in the immediate years to come; this project is most strategic for the PIs research on advanced materials. The project is also an ideal opportunity to trial and possibly refine the FRP anchors developed by the PI (and his research group) with accompanying theory that has been developed to date. The specific objectives of this pilot project are: 1. Investigate FRP flexurally-strengthened uncracked and cracked RC beams fitted with FRP anchors. The anchors will be assessed in (i) their capability to inhibit/delay debonding of the FRP, and (ii) their ability to act as sole shear connection for partially debonded FRP strengthening. 2. Apply FRP anchors to other external bonding solutions such as the shear strengthening of beams and the confined of columns. 3. Investigate FRP flexurally-strengthened uncracked and cracked timber beams fitted with FRP anchors. In as objective (a), the anchors will be assessed in (i) their capability to inhibit/delay debonding of the FRP, and (ii) their ability to act as sole shear connection for partially debonded FRP. 4. Streamline the FRP anchor design and application procedure when applied in bulk and to large structures. References 1. Kim, S.J. and Smith, S.T. “Behaviour of FRP spike anchors under tensile load in uncracked concrete”, Advances in Structural Engineering, Special APFIS 2007 Bond Edition, under review. 2. Smith, S.T. and Kim, S.J. (2008) “Fundamental behavior and shear strength of FRP-to-concrete joint assemblies”, International Journal of Solids and Structures, under review. |
| Project Title: | Advanced Composites in Construction Conference 2009 (ACIC 09) Calculation of Deflection of FRP-Strengthened RC Slabs Using a Tri-Linear Moment-Curvature Relationship |
| Investigator(s): | Smith ST |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 09/2009 |
| Completion Date: | 09/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Khomwan N., Foster S.J. and Smith S.T., FE modelling of FRP-repaired planar concrete elements subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading, Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE. 2010, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000126. |
| Kim S.J. and Smith S.T., Behaviour of handmade FRP anchors under tensile load in uncracked concrete, Advances in Structural Engineering. 2009, 12: 845-865. |
| Kim S.J. and Smith S.T., Pullout strength models for FRP anchors in uncracked concrete, Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE. 2010, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000097. |
| Kim S.J. and Smith S.T., Shear strength and behaviour of FRP spike anchors in cracked concrete, In: D.J. Oehlers, M.C. Griffith and R. Seracino, Proceedings (CD Rom), Ninth International Symposium on Fiber Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures, FRPRCS-9, Sydney, Australia, 13-15 July,. 2009. |
| Kim S.J. and Smith S.T., Strengthening of RC slabs with large penetrations using anchored FRP composites, In: J.S. Sim, Proceedings, Second Asia-Pacific Conference on FRP in Structures, APFIS 2009, Seoul, Korea, 9-11 December,. 2009, 111-116. |
| Loo M.K.Y., Foster S.J. and Smith S.T., Fatigue behaviour of CFRP-repaired corroded RC beams, In: D.J. Oehlers, M. Griffith and R. Seracino, Proceedings (CD Rom), Ninth International Symposium on Fiber Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures, FRPRCS-9, Sydney, Australia, 13-15 July,. 2009. |
| Mohamed I., Seracino R. and Smith S.T., Analysis of FRP-to-concrete joint assemblies with FRP spike anchors using the applied element method, In: J.S. Sim, Proceedings, Second Asia-Pacific Conference on FRP in Structures, APFIS 2009, Seoul, Korea, 9-11 December,. 2009, 223-228. |
| Shrestha R., Smith S.T. and Samali B., Strengthening RC beam-column connections with FRP strips, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Structures and Buildings. 2009, 162: 323-334. |
| Smith S.T., Anchorage of FRP Strengthening Systems, The University of Sydney, Australia: Invited Lecture, July. 2009. |
| Smith S.T., Kim S.J. and Zhang H., Behavior and effectiveness of FRP wrap in the confinement of large concrete cylinders, Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE. 2010, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000119. |
| Smith S.T. and Kim S.J., Calculation of deflection of FRP-strengthened RC slabs using a tri-linear moment-curvature relationship, In: S. Halliwell and C. Whysall, Proceedings, Advanced Composites in Construction Conference, ACIC 2009, Edinburgh, UK, 1-3 September,. 2009, 239-249. |
| Smith S.T. and Kim S.J., Deflection calculation of FRP-strengthened RC flexural members, Australian Journal of Structural Engineering. 2010, Online (February): 1-12. |
| Smith S.T., FRP Anchors: Recent Advances in Research and Understanding (Keynote), In: J.S. Sim, Second Asia-Pacific Conference on FRP in Structures, APFIS 2009, Seoul, Korea, 9-11 December,. Korea, 2009, 35-44. |
| Smith S.T., FRP Composites in Construction Research at The University of Hong Kong, Beijing Jiaotong University, China: Invited Lecture, April. 2010. |
| Smith S.T., FRP anchors: recent advances in research and understanding (Keynote), In: J.S. Sim, Proceedings, Second Asia-Pacific Conference on FRP in Structures, APFIS 2009, Seoul, Korea, 9-11 December,. 2009, 35-44. |
| Smith S.T., Recent Advances in the use of FRP Composites in Civil Infrastructure, The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, Hong Kong: Invited Lecture, January. 2010. |
| Smith S.T., Recent FRP-to-Concrete Research at The University of Hong Kong, The University of Edinburgh, UK: Invited Lecture, September. 2009. |
| Smith S.T., Strengthening of Civil Infrastructure with FRP Composites: Recent Advances, The University of New South Wales, Australia: Invited Lecture, July. 2009. |
| Smith S.T. and Kim S.J., Testing of large concrete cylinders confined with FRP, Proceedings, Third Congress of the International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib), Washington, D.C., USA, 29 May - 2 June,. 2010, CD Rom. |
| Smith S.T., Towards Achieving Deformability in FRP-Strengthened RC Members, Tsinghua University, China: Invited Lecture, April. 2010. |
| Su K.L., Siu W.H. and Smith S.T., Effects of bolt-plate arrangements on steel plate strengthened reinforced concrete beams, Engineering Structures . Oxford, Elsevier Science, 2010, 32(6): 1769-1778. |
| Teng J.G., Chen J.F. and Smith S.T., Special Issue on Bond Behaviour of Externally Bonded FRP Reinforcement, In: J.G. Teng, J.F. Chen and S.T. Smith, Advances in Structural Engineering. Multi-Science Publishing, 2009, 12. |
| Researcher : So TC |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Yeung A.T., So T.C., Kwong A.K.L., Tham L.G. and Zhao W.B., Field-scale constructability evaluation of underwater vacuum preloading, Geomechanics and Geoengineering: An International Journal. 2009, 4(3): 245-252. |
| Researcher : Soo KL |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Cheng T.Y.W., Soo K.L., Kumaraswamy M.M. and Wu J., Are there ways to ensure fair and prompt payment? , Journal of the Hong Kong Electrical Contractors Association. Hong Kong, Hong Kong Electrical Contractors Association, 2009, 14: 124-230. |
| Cheng T.Y.W., Soo K.L., Kumaraswamy M.M. and Wu J., Security of Payment for Hong Kong Construction Industry , Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Management, Procurement and Law. London, UK, Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) UK, 2010, 163, Issue 1: 17–28. |
| Soo K.L., Kumaraswamy M.M. and Wu J., Exploratory Study of Measures for securing Payment to Contractors: The International Landscape, International Law Review. Wuhan, Wuhan University Press, 2010, 10: 27-41. |
| Soo K.L., Kumaraswamy M.M., Ng T.S.T. and Ling F.Y.Y., Role-playing for Group Learning of Law in Engineering and Construction Programmes’, ASCE Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction. USA, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009, 1, No. 4: 169-172. |
| Researcher : Su KL |
| Project Title: | A Study of Widespread Collapse of Half-Reinforced Masonry Buildings in the Sichuan Earthquakes |
| Investigator(s): | Su KL |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Small Project Funding |
| Start Date: | 11/2008 |
| Completion Date: | 10/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| 1. To identify the causes of failure and collapse of half-reinforced masonry (HRM) buildings during the Sichuan Earthquake 2. To give design recommendations for enhancing the seismic resistance of HRM buildings |
| Project Title: | A Generic Displacement-Based Approach for Designing Plated Concrete Beams with Bolt Connections |
| Investigator(s): | Su KL, Smith ST |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| 1. To develop a new displacement-based theory for the design of plate-bolt systems that can strengthen typical RC beams while maintaining adequate ductility after retrofitting. 2. To launch a comprehensive experimental program to investigate the influence of concrete grade, and metal plate-bolt arrangements on the strength and ductility of plated beams and to ascertain the effectiveness of an innovative rhombic LVDT arrangement in conjunction with the digital image correlation technique for direct measurement of slips between the steel plate and RC elements. 3. To quantify load-slip relationships of different adhesive anchors which constitute a key component in the selection of appropriate shear connectors in the strengthening system. 4. To implement an original non-linear numerical model to aid engineers in the analysis and design of plated beams. |
| Project Title: | Experimental Study of Facture Parameters of Local Concrete |
| Investigator(s): | Su KL |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Small Project Funding |
| Start Date: | 10/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| Fracture toughness is a criterion for the initiation and propagation of the cracks in concrete and reflects the resistance of the concrete to fracture. It is an important material parameter for linear/nonlinear fracture analysis of concrete and is significant for the design of reinforced concrete structures, especially for the structures with strict fracture requirements, such as dams, bridge decks, and chemical pipes and containers. Although the increasing use of reinforced fibers, modern trend that concrete structural members are increasing in size makes the study on concrete fracture even more significant. It is well known that the larger of the structure size, the more “fracture like” [1]. Many studies have been carried out on the fracture toughness, yet not so many references have been published for local concrete and the current fracture toughness of concrete used locally is referred to the experimental results in other regions. It is revealed that local concrete presents quite different material properties due to factors, such as raw ingredients, the process of production, aggregates, environment, and so on. The elastic modulus of local concrete is much lower than that calculated by other design codes [2] and the strength of local concrete is also quite different with that in other regions. Because of those two differences, the fracture toughness of local concrete is also different, thus it is necessary to make the experimental evaluation and provide local reference for Hong Kong engineers. This project aims to evaluate experimentally the fracture toughness and the related fracture parameters of local concrete. Specifically, this study would (1) quantify the fracture parameters of concrete such as critical stress intensity factor, effective crack length, critical fracture energy release rate and direct tensile strength; (2) compare local fracture parameters with the experimental results in other regions to enable a deeper understanding of the local concrete properties; and (3) develop convenient empirical formulas for estimate the fracture behaviors of local concrete which are particularly useful for practical design and numerical simulations of concrete structures. |
| Project Title: | The Second International Symposium on Computational Mechanics (ISCM II) in conjunction with The Twelfth International Conference on the Enhancement and Promotion of Computational Methods in Engineering and Science (EPMESC XII) Nonlinear analysis of forced responses of an axially moving beam by incremental harmonic balance method |
| Investigator(s): | Su KL |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 11/2009 |
| Completion Date: | 12/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Chen H. and Su K.L., Study on fracture behaviors of concrete using electronic speckle pattern interferometry and finite element method, Proceedings of ICCES’10, International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, 28 March-1 April 2010, Las Vegas, USA. Las Vegas, 2010, 77-88. |
| Cheng B. and Su K.L., An experimental study of strengthening of deep concrete coupling beams with bolted steel plate, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Advances in Steel Structures, 16-18 December 2009, Hong Kong. China, The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, 2009, 1: 584-591. |
| Cheng B. and Su K.L., Numerical studies of retrofitted deep coupling beams by lateral restrained steel plate, Proceedings of ICCES’10, International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences. Las Vegas, 2010, 956. |
| Feng W., Su K.L., Liu J.X. and Li S.Y., Fracture analysis of bounded magnetoelectroelastic layers with interfacial cracks under magnetoelectromechanical loads: plane problem, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures. Thousand Oaks, California, Sage Publications, 2010, 21(6): 581-594. |
| Feng W. and Su K.L., The most cited articles published between 2004 and 2008 , The International Journal of Solids and Structures. Oxford, U.K., Elsevier, 2009. |
| Huang J., Su K.L. and Lee Y.Y., Nonlinear analysis of forced responses of an axially moving beam by incremental harmonic balance method, The Second International Symposium on Computational Mechanics and in conjunction with The Twelfth International Conference on the Enhancement and Promotion of Computational Methods in Engineering and Science, 30 November to 3 December 2009, Hong Kong and Macao. 2009. |
| Huang J., Su K.L. and Chen S.H., Precise Hsu’s method for analyzing the stability of periodic solutions of multi-degrees-of-freedom systems with cubic nonlinearity, Computers and Structures. New York, NY, ScienceDirect, 2009, 87(23-24): 1624-1630. |
| Lee Y.Y., Su K.L., Ng C.F. and Hui C.K., The effect of modal energy transfer on the sound radiation and vibration of a curved panel: Theory and experiment, Journal of Sound and Vibration. London, UK, Academic Press, 2009, 324(3-5): p1003-1015. |
| Si X., Au F.T.K., Su K.L. and Tsang N.C.M., Time-dependent analysis of concrete bridges with creep, shrinkage and cable relaxation, Paper 120, In: B.H.V. Topping, L.F. Costa Neves and R.C. Barros, Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal, 1-4 September 2009. Stirlingshire, Scotland, Civil-Comp Press, 17 pages. |
| Siu W.H. and Su K.L., Effects of plastic hinges on partial interaction behaviour of bolted side-plated beams, Journal of Constructional Steel Research. Oxford, UK, Elsevier, 2010, 66(5): 622-633. |
| Su K.L. and Cheng M.H., Earthquake induced shear concentration in shear walls above transfer structures, The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings. Chichester, U.K., John Wiley & Sons, 2009, 18(6): 657-671. |
| Su K.L., Siu W.H. and Smith S.T., Effects of bolt-plate arrangements on steel plate strengthened reinforced concrete beams, Engineering Structures . Oxford, Elsevier Science, 2010, 32(6): 1769-1778. |
| Su K.L., Half-day Training Seminar on 'Key issues of seismic design and construction of school buildings in China', The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, 26 September 2009. China, 2009. |
| Su K.L., Invited Seminar on 'Key issues of seismic design of multi-storey buildings in China', Department of Engineering Mechanics, Shijiazhuang Railway Institute, Shijiazhuang, 2 November 2009. China, 2009. |
| Su K.L., Invited Seminar on “Strengthening of reinforced concrete structures by bolted steel plates”, IStructE Asia Pacific Forum on Sustainability & Excellence in Structural Engineering, 10 June 2010. Shanghai, China, 2010. |
| Su K.L., Tsang H.H. and Lam N.T.K., One-day Training Seminar on “Seismic Structural Analysis”, The University of Hong Kong, 30 and 31 March 2010, Hong Kong Housing Authority, Hong Kong, 2010. |
| Su K.L. and Wang L., Post-compressed plates for strengthening preloaded rectangular reinforced concrete columns, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings, 29-30 October 2009, Hong Kong China. Singapore, Research Publishing, 2009, 193-201. |
| Su K.L., Siu W.H., Zhu Y., Cheng B. and Wang L., Strengthening of reinforced concrete structures by bolted steel plates, Proceedings of The IStructE Asia Pacific Forum on Sustainability & Excellence in Structural Engineering, 10-11 June 2010, Shanghai, China. Shanghai, 2010, 59-73. |
| Tsang H.H., Su K.L., Lam N.T.K. and Lo S.H., Displacement-based rapid seismic assessment procedure for building structures, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings, 29-30 October 2009, Hong Kong China. Singapore, Research Publishing, 2009, 267-278. |
| Wang Y.P., Lee C., Chen Y.H. and Su K.L., Damage localization of frame structures using seismic acceleration response data, Proceedings of the 6th Cross-Strait Workshop on Engineering Mechanics, 22-23 May 2010, Taipei, Taiwan. Taiwan, 2010, 6. |
| Zhu Y. and Su K.L., Behavior of strengthened reinforced concrete coupling beams by bolted steel plates, Part 2: Evaluation of theoretical strength, Structural Engineering and Mechanics. Korea, Techno-Press, 2010, 34(5): 563-580. |
| Zhu Y., Su K.L. and Zhou Y., Effects on seismic strengthening of coupling beams with or without bolt connections in beam span, Industrial Construction. China, Ye jin bu jian zhu yan jiu zong yuan, 2009, 39(12): 42-44. |
| Zhu Y., Zhang S.Y.X. and Su K.L., Nonlinear analysis of FRP- reinforced concrete slabs with a shear-locking free layered composite plate element, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings, 29-30 October 2009, Hong Kong China. Singapore, Research Publishing, 2009, 203-211. |
| Zhu Y., Su K.L. and Zhang J.C., Seismic analysis of Guang Dong Science Centre with or without base-isolation: a case study, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings, 29-30 October 2009, Hong Kong China. Singapore, Research Publishing, 2009, 417-423. |
| Researcher : Sun F |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Chen W., Sun F., Wang X. and Li X.Y., A membrane bioreactor for an innovative biological nitrogen removal process, Water Science and Technology. 2010, 61(3): 671-676. |
| Sun F. and Li X.Y., Accumulation of organic substances in a submerged membrane bioreactor and its influence on membrane fouling, 5th IWA Specialised Membrane Technology Conference (IWA-MTC) for Water and Wastewater Treatment, Beijing, China. Beijing, China, 2009. |
| Sun F. and Li X.Y., Biopolymer cluster (BPC) accumulation in membrane bioreactor (MBR) and its role in membrane fouling, 3rd IWA Asia-Pacific Regional (ASPIRE) Conference, Taipei, Taiwan. Taipei, Taiwan, 2009. |
| Sun F. and Li X.Y., Evaluation of the importance of various operating and sludge property parameters to the fouling of membrane bioreactors, 5th IWA Specialised Membrane Technology Conference (IWA-MTC) for Water and Wastewater Treatment, Beijing, China. Beijing, China, 2009. |
| Researcher : Sun F |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Chen W., Sun F., Wang X. and Li X.Y., A membrane bioreactor for an innovative biological nitrogen removal process, Water Science and Technology. 2010, 61(3): 671-676. |
| Sun F. and Li X.Y., Accumulation of organic substances in a submerged membrane bioreactor and its influence on membrane fouling, 5th IWA Specialised Membrane Technology Conference (IWA-MTC) for Water and Wastewater Treatment, Beijing, China. Beijing, China, 2009. |
| Sun F. and Li X.Y., Biopolymer cluster (BPC) accumulation in membrane bioreactor (MBR) and its role in membrane fouling, 3rd IWA Asia-Pacific Regional (ASPIRE) Conference, Taipei, Taiwan. Taipei, Taiwan, 2009. |
| Sun F. and Li X.Y., Evaluation of the importance of various operating and sludge property parameters to the fouling of membrane bioreactors, 5th IWA Specialised Membrane Technology Conference (IWA-MTC) for Water and Wastewater Treatment, Beijing, China. Beijing, China, 2009. |
| Researcher : Sun L |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Chen J. and Sun L., Land cover change due to 2008 ice storms in southern China, WPGM, Taipei. 2010. |
| Researcher : Sun TK |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Sun T.K. and Yan R.W.M., Development of neutral plane in a pile in a consolidating ground., Proceedings of 2nd International Symposium on Computational Mechanics and 12th International Conference on the Enhancement and Promotion of Computational Methods in Engineering and Science. AIP, 2009, 1594-1599. |
| Researcher : Sze HY |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Sze H.Y. and Yang J., Initial static shear effect on cyclic liquefaction of sand, HKIE Transactions. 2009, 16(4): 20-27. |
| Yang J., Sze H.Y. and Heung M.K., Effect of initial static shear on cyclic behavior of sand, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Alexandria, Egypt. 2009. |
| Yang J. and Sze H.Y., Failure of saturated sand in non-symmetric loading, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Recent Advances in Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Dynamics, San Diego, California. 2010. |
| Researcher : Sze NN |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Pei X., Wong S.C. and Sze N.N., Negative binomial regression model for road accidents analysis in Hong Kong, Paper presented at the 89th Annual Meeting of Transportation Research Board, 10-14 January. Washington D.C., USA, 2010. |
| Researcher : Szeto WY |
| Project Title: | Managing degradable multi-modal transport networks with multiple private public transport operators considering travel choice behavior and information provision |
| Investigator(s): | Szeto WY, Wong SC |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 04/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| Any transport network is susceptible to disruptions. Such occurrences in some cases can lead to serious impacts on the mobility and productivity of a region; for example, the 1995 Kobe earthquake in Japan, and more recently, the 2009 Padang earthquake in Indonesia. On a day-to-day basis, traffic accidents, landslides, maintenance closures, train service breakdown, etc. result in disruptions on a minor scale. Nevertheless, even minor incidents can lead to major impacts, especially in already congested transport networks as in Hong Kong. Lindley (1986) estimated that incidents cause over 60% of all traffic delay. How should the government manage a degradable transport network to achieve cost-effective network reliability improvements? Traditionally, the above question is undertaken within the discipline of reliable transport network design, which includes the subject of transport network reliability. Transport network reliability and hence transport network design is significantly affected by travelers’ route choice behavior. Should a roadway segment or transit service be disrupted, the seriousness of the outcome will depend on whether there are alternative routes; whether these routes have spare capacity; and the diversion propensity of people. One aspect on route choice behavior is that travelers with different behaviors may respond differently to network uncertainties caused by supply and demand variations. For example, some travelers may pick routes with lower expected travel times, while others prefer lower travel time variability or more predictable travel times. Their attitude toward uncertainty must be taken into account when managing and designing the transport networks. Some models have been developed for this purpose but they are all path-based and can be computationally intensive, since a realistic network normally has many paths. Therefore, one of the objectives of this project is to develop a link-based route choice model and a solution method that can avoid computationally intensive path enumeration. Analyses of the effects of route choice behavior on network reliability and design will be carried out. The type and quality of information available to travelers also affect network reliability and design because route choice is affected by the type and quality of information available to them. When real-time incident information is not available, travelers may select routes based on their knowledge or past experience of the alternatives’ travel time expectations and variability. When the information is available, travelers will adapt their choices en-routes depending on their perception. Hence, another objective of this study is to develop methods to analyze the effect of the type and quality of information provision on network reliability and network design, and then the value of providing incident information under different reliability measures, including travel time reliability, capacity reliability and connectivity reliability. Another aspect on information provision is that providing very accurate information to travelers may not be good from the perspective of the overall network reliability, because travelers may be overreacted with minor incidents and make the alternatives around the incident locations very congested. Meanwhile, providing information to travelers comes at a cost. Under the limited budget, how accurate should the information be provided to travelers? What is the percentage of the budget allocated to improving information infrastructure to optimize transport network reliability? These two questions are important to answer, and hence the third objective is to address these questions. Given that both route choice and information provision affects network reliability and network design, modeling their combined effects on network reliability and network design are critical. Methodologies will also be developed by combining network improvement and information provision to achieve cost-effective network reliability improvements, while explicitly accounting for route choice. Other than route choice behavior and information provision, one more aspect to recognize is that in reality, the transport network is multimodal. The combined mode-route choice characteristic of travelers has to be considered in reliable transport network design. In addition, some public transport services are private-operated. Their objectives are to maximize their own profit and are not consistent with the objective of the government which is to improve the transport network reliability. Furthermore, there can be multiple private public transport operators in the network competing or cooperating with others. The government has to consider the objective of each of the private operators, their competition and cooperation (i.e., their strategic interactions), and the combined mode-route choice characteristic of travelers when making decisions for improving network reliability. Surprisingly, to our best knowledge, the interaction between private operators and the combined mode-route choice effect have not been considered in reliable transport network design. Therefore, the fifth objective of this study is to incorporate these two considerations in reliable network design. The resultant reliable network design problem becomes tri-level. The top level problem is the management problem of the government. The middle level problem describes the interactions between operators. The bottom level problem is the multi-modal transport assignment which takes into account the combined mode-route choice characteristics of travelers. This problem is more difficult to solve than the classical two level reliable network design problem, as there is one more level compared with the classical design problem, and there are multiple modes and multiple operators interacting with each other. This problem is also NP-hard and difficult to solve, especially when transport networks have many links and nodes. Good solution methods for this problem will be developed to determine the best government strategy for each reliability measure so that different reliability-based design can be compared and analyzed. To sum up, the objectives of this study are to: 1. Develop models and solution algorithms to investigate the effects of route choice behavior and the type and quality of information provision on network reliability and to analyze the value of incident information; 2. Develop methodologies by combining network improvement and information provision to achieve cost-effective network reliability improvements, and; 3. Analyze and compare different strategies to manage the degradable multimodal transport network and provide information infrastructure while explicitly considering different network reliability measures, the combined mode-route choice characteristics of travelers, and information provision. Reference: Lindley, J. 1986. Qualification of Urban Freeway Congestion and Analysis of Remedial Measures. FHWA Report RD/87-052, Washington, DC. |
| Project Title: | Innovations in Pricing of Transportation Systems: Workshop and Conference Road pricing strategies to resolve both emission and Braess’ paradoxes TIME-DEPENDENT TOLLING STRATEGIES |
| Investigator(s): | Szeto WY |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 05/2010 |
| Completion Date: | 05/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Szeto W.Y. and Solayappan M., A Novel Doubly Stochastic Transit Assignment Formulation: An Application to Singapore Bus Network, HKIE Transactions. 2009, 16: 63-71. |
| Szeto W.Y., Wu Y.Z. and Wong S.C., Designing Bus Routes and Frequencies for Tin Shui Wai, Hong Kong, Proceedings of The HKIE Civil Division Conference 2010 - Infrastructure Solutions for Tomorrow. 2010. |
| Researcher : Tang Y |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Shih K., Tang Y., Wang Y., He Y. and Jiang X., Stabilized Nickel Phases via Aluminum- and Iron-Rich Ceramic Precursors., The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Asia/Pacific Annual Meeting, Guangzhou, China.. 2010. |
| Tang Y., Shih K. and Chan K., Copper Aluminate Spinel in the Stabilization and Detoxification of Simulated Copper-Laden Sludge, Chemosphere. 2010, 80: 275-380. |
| Tang Y. and Shih K., Copper Stabilization and Detoxification of by Aluminate Spinel, The 13th Mainland-Taiwan Environmental Protection Conference, Chongqing, China.. 2010. |
| Tang Y., Shih K. and Lu X., Potential of Using Copper Aluminate Spinel to Stabilize Copper-Bearing Sludge., The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Asia/Pacific Annual Meeting, Guangzhou, China.. 2010. |
| Researcher : Tang Z |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Ng T.S.T., Tang Z. and Ekambaram P., Factors contributing to the success of equipment-intensive subcontractors in construction, International Journal of Project Management. Elsevier, 2009, 27(7): 736-744. |
| Researcher : Tham LG |
| Project Title: | Instrumentation of Rock-socketed Steel H-piles |
| Investigator(s): | Tham LG |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Architectural Services Department - General Award |
| Start Date: | 03/2007 |
| Abstract: |
| To Investigate the load transfer mechanism of rock socketed H piles; to determine the bond strength between the H-piles and the grout; to determine the temperature in the grout body by thermo-couples. |
| Project Title: | Large Direct Shear Tests of Soil Blocks with Roots |
| Investigator(s): | Tham LG, Kwong AKL, Lee PKK |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2008 |
| Completion Date: | 12/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| (1) Be able to quantify the relative contribution of shearing resistance from the roots and from the soil so that parameters can be used in the practical design. (2) Be able to measure the tensile strength of the roots and the change in moisture content in a vertical profile of the combined root and soil system. (3) Be able to accurately measure the depth and lateral extent of the roots to assess whether the roots of the Vetiver grass can penetrate and anchor below the potential sliding surface.(4) Be able to evaluate the reduction of surface erosion due to planting of the vegetation. |
| Project Title: | Full-scale Field Testing of Massive Landslide in Liquefiable Loess to Investigate the Change in Pore Water Pressure and Collapse Mechanisms Triggered by Water Infiltration |
| Investigator(s): | Tham LG, Kwong AKL, Lee PKK |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 10/2008 |
| Abstract: |
| 1. To enhance our understanding of the failure mechanisms of landslides involving liquefiable soil, the debris of which travels in a very long run out distance. 2. To measure the migration of the wetting band and the change in positive or negative pore water pressure within different parts of the soil mass when subjected to artificially induced rainfall. 3. To capture the surface and internal movement of the soil mass when it is subjected to a change in positive or negative pore water pressure within different parts of the soil mass. 4. To compare the stress path measured in the field with that from the laboratory. 5. To numerically model the movement of the soil mass when the positive or negative pore water pressure within different parts of the soil mass are captured in the field. |
| Project Title: | Unified modelling of movement of saturated and unsaturated slopes |
| Investigator(s): | Tham LG, Cheuk JCY |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| 1. To investigate fundamental material behaviour, including yielding, dilatancy and water retention capability, of unsaturated decomposed soils during wetting, drying and shearing 2. To develop a unified constitutive model for both saturated and unsaturated decomposed soils 3. To implement the unified constitutive model in a numerical code for solving boundary value problems 4. To identify soil response and deformation mechanisms using the unified constitutive model |
| Project Title: | 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Effect of surface and sub-surface infiltration on the behaviour of loose fill slopes |
| Investigator(s): | Tham LG |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 10/2009 |
| Completion Date: | 10/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| Project Title: | Green Slope Engineering for Hong Kong |
| Investigator(s): | Tham LG, Hau CH, Yan RWM |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Collaborative Research Fund (CRF) - Group Research Project |
| Start Date: | 06/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| To investigate and understand the ecological role of vegetation cover and tree root systems including live poles in the stability and rehabilitation of slopes; To test and measure the tensile and shear strength of selected live poles; To carry out centrifuge model tests to investigate stability and failure mechanisms of live pole reinforced soil slopes under various rainfall and ground water conditions; To evaluate the reliability of bioengineered slopes based on observed performance and formulate plans for quality assurance of vegetated slopes; To explore the possibility of using the “integrated bioengineered live slope cover” developed to replace existing shotcrete cover; To develop innovative and reliability-based preliminary design guidelines for integrated, environmentally friendly bioengineered slopes in Hong Kong. |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Yeung A.T., Ng T.S.T., Tham L.G. and Lee P.K.K., HKU's double professional civil engineering and law programme, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Management, Procurement and Law. 2010, 163(MP2): 77-85. |
| Researcher : Thoe W |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Thoe W., Wong H.C., Choi D.K.W. and Lee J.H.W., Daily Forecasting of Coastal Beach Water Quality, Proceedings of 17th IAHR-APD Congress. Auckland, New Zealand, 2010, USB. |
| Researcher : Tong CO |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Shi W., Tong C.O., Wong S.C. and Yang H., Influence of multi-class customer-searching strategy of taxi drivers on taxi system performance, Paper presented at the 14th HKSTS International Conference, 10-12 December, Hong Kong. Hong Kong, 2009. |
| Shi W., Tong C.O., Wong S.C. and Yang H., Influence of vacant taxi driver’s customer searching strategy on taxi system performance, Paper presented at the Eleventh International Conference on Advanced Systems for Public Transport, 20-22 July, Hong Kong. Hong Kong, Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies, 2009. |
| Tong C.O. and Wong S.C., Heuristic algorithms for simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment, Transportmetrica. U.K., Taylor & Francis, 2010, 6: 97-120. |
| Tong C.O., Optimal bus fleet management strategies in a congested road network, Paper presented at the Eleventh International Conference on Advanced Systems for Public Transport, 20-22 July, Hong Kong. Hong Kong, Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies, 2009. |
| Zhang Y., Lam H.K., Sumalee A., Lo H.K. and Tong C.O., The multi-class schedule-based transit assignment model in network with uncertainties, Paper presented at the Eleventh Internaational Conference on Advanced Systems for Public Transport, 20-22 July, Hong Kong., In: Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies, 2009. |
| Researcher : Tsang HH |
| Project Title: | ASCE-TCLEE 2009 Conference Protecting Underground Tunnel by Rubber-Soil Mixtures |
| Investigator(s): | Tsang HH |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 06/2009 |
| Completion Date: | 07/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Su K.L., Tsang H.H. and Lam N.T.K., One-day Training Seminar on “Seismic Structural Analysis”, The University of Hong Kong, 30 and 31 March 2010, Hong Kong Housing Authority, Hong Kong, 2010. |
| Tsang H.H., Su K.L., Lam N.T.K. and Lo S.H., Displacement-based rapid seismic assessment procedure for building structures, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings, 29-30 October 2009, Hong Kong China. Singapore, Research Publishing, 2009, 267-278. |
| Researcher : Wan KM |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Wan K.M., Kumaraswamy M.M. and Liu D.T.S., Contributors to Construction Debris from Electrical & Mechanical Work in Hong Kong Infrastructure Projects , Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. USA, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009, 135, No. 7: 637-646. |
| Wan K.M., Dynamic and balanced performance management for delivering quality building services installations in Hong Kong, The 7th Asian Quality Congress and ANQ Congress 2009. Tokyo, Japan, Japanese Society for Quality Control, 1191-1196. |
| Wan K.M., Reinforcing the Role of Coordinator to Reduce Production Shortcomings in Building Service Sector, Joint Symposium 2008 on Shaping our Future Environment – The Role of Building Services Professionals . Hong Kong, HKIE, ASHRAE & CIBSE, 2009, 143-150. |
| Researcher : Wang F |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Ma R., Wang F. and Shih K., Detection of Perfluorochemicals in Sludge and Sediments in Hong Kong., The 13th Mainland-Taiwan Environmental Protection Conference, Chongqing, China.. 2010. |
| Researcher : Wang G |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Li T., Wang G. and Chen J., A modified binary tree codification of drainage networks to support complex hydrological models, Computers and Geosciences. 2010. |
| Researcher : Wang L |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Su K.L. and Wang L., Post-compressed plates for strengthening preloaded rectangular reinforced concrete columns, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings, 29-30 October 2009, Hong Kong China. Singapore, Research Publishing, 2009, 193-201. |
| Su K.L., Siu W.H., Zhu Y., Cheng B. and Wang L., Strengthening of reinforced concrete structures by bolted steel plates, Proceedings of The IStructE Asia Pacific Forum on Sustainability & Excellence in Structural Engineering, 10-11 June 2010, Shanghai, China. Shanghai, 2010, 59-73. |
| Researcher : Wang X |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Chen W., Sun F., Wang X. and Li X.Y., A membrane bioreactor for an innovative biological nitrogen removal process, Water Science and Technology. 2010, 61(3): 671-676. |
| Wang X., Shih K. and Li X.Y., Photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water under visible light using core/shell nano-catalysts, 3rd IWA Asia-Pacific Regional (ASPIRE) Conference, Taipei, Taiwan. Taipei, Taiwan, 2009. |
| Wang X., Shih K. and Li X.Y., Photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water under visible light using core/shell nano-catalysts, Water Science and Technology. 2010, 61(9): 2303-2308. |
| Researcher : Wang X |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Chen W., Sun F., Wang X. and Li X.Y., A membrane bioreactor for an innovative biological nitrogen removal process, Water Science and Technology. 2010, 61(3): 671-676. |
| Wang X., Shih K. and Li X.Y., Photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water under visible light using core/shell nano-catalysts, 3rd IWA Asia-Pacific Regional (ASPIRE) Conference, Taipei, Taiwan. Taipei, Taiwan, 2009. |
| Wang X., Shih K. and Li X.Y., Photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water under visible light using core/shell nano-catalysts, Water Science and Technology. 2010, 61(9): 2303-2308. |
| Researcher : Wang Y |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Shih K., Tang Y., Wang Y., He Y. and Jiang X., Stabilized Nickel Phases via Aluminum- and Iron-Rich Ceramic Precursors., The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Asia/Pacific Annual Meeting, Guangzhou, China.. 2010. |
| Researcher : Wong HC |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Kwan A.K.H., Fung W.S. and Wong H.C., Reducing drying shrinkage of concrete by treatment of aggregate, Magazine of Concrete Research. 2010, 62(6): 435-442. |
| Kwan A.K.H., Au F.T.K., Wong H.C. and Ng P.L., Shrinkage of Hong Kong granite aggregate concrete, Magazine of Concrete Research. London, Thomas Telford, 2010, 62(2): 115-126. |
| Kwan A.K.H., Fung W.S. and Wong H.C., Water film thickness, flowability and rheology of cement-sand mortar, Advances in Cement Research. 2010, 22(1): 3-14. |
| Thoe W., Wong H.C., Choi D.K.W. and Lee J.H.W., Daily Forecasting of Coastal Beach Water Quality, Proceedings of 17th IAHR-APD Congress. Auckland, New Zealand, 2010, USB. |
| Researcher : Wong HC |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Kwan A.K.H., Fung W.S. and Wong H.C., Reducing drying shrinkage of concrete by treatment of aggregate, Magazine of Concrete Research. 2010, 62(6): 435-442. |
| Kwan A.K.H., Au F.T.K., Wong H.C. and Ng P.L., Shrinkage of Hong Kong granite aggregate concrete, Magazine of Concrete Research. London, Thomas Telford, 2010, 62(2): 115-126. |
| Kwan A.K.H., Fung W.S. and Wong H.C., Water film thickness, flowability and rheology of cement-sand mortar, Advances in Cement Research. 2010, 22(1): 3-14. |
| Thoe W., Wong H.C., Choi D.K.W. and Lee J.H.W., Daily Forecasting of Coastal Beach Water Quality, Proceedings of 17th IAHR-APD Congress. Auckland, New Zealand, 2010, USB. |
| Researcher : Wong HC |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Kwan A.K.H., Fung W.S. and Wong H.C., Reducing drying shrinkage of concrete by treatment of aggregate, Magazine of Concrete Research. 2010, 62(6): 435-442. |
| Kwan A.K.H., Au F.T.K., Wong H.C. and Ng P.L., Shrinkage of Hong Kong granite aggregate concrete, Magazine of Concrete Research. London, Thomas Telford, 2010, 62(2): 115-126. |
| Kwan A.K.H., Fung W.S. and Wong H.C., Water film thickness, flowability and rheology of cement-sand mortar, Advances in Cement Research. 2010, 22(1): 3-14. |
| Thoe W., Wong H.C., Choi D.K.W. and Lee J.H.W., Daily Forecasting of Coastal Beach Water Quality, Proceedings of 17th IAHR-APD Congress. Auckland, New Zealand, 2010, USB. |
| Researcher : Wong JMW |
| Project Title: | Developing a Business Failure Prediction Model for Construction Companies |
| Investigator(s): | Wong JMW, Ng TST |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Small Project Funding |
| Start Date: | 09/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| Key Issues and Problems Risk of business failure is always inherent in any industry. Construction companies are, however, particularly vulnerable due to the fragmented nature of the industry, high competition because of the low entry barrier, the high uncertain and risk involved, and considerable fluctuations of construction volume (Kangari, 1988; Kale and Arditi, 1999). A slump in construction volume after 1998 has resulted in the bankruptcy of many construction companies in Hong Kong and caused significant rippling effects in the economy. A symbolic case is the failure of Dickson Group which seriously disrupted the public housing supply programme of the Housing Authority. This phenomenon could be replicated under the recent financial turmoil stemmed from the global credit crunch. Therefore it is timely for methods of early detection of business failure to be explored and applied when necessary. The resultant economic and social damage from construction business failures goes beyond the obvious and quantifiable costs to the company owners, creditors and employees (Mason and Harris, 1979). It is important that potential company failures be recognised at the earliest opportunity. In addition, construction company evaluation is a critical step in successfully completing a project (Russell and Zhai, 1996). At present the method used to select companies for contracts is not geared to discriminating between solvent and potentially bankrupt firms. When there is so much concern about public accountability and the need to spend the financial resources efficiently, obviously there is need to devise an assessment tool to identify impending company failures. The “Z-score” model developed by Altman (1968, 1977) based on the multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA) has been used extensively by government agencies and commercial sector to identify potential insolvent companies. Previous studies by Homen (1988), and Scott (1981) mainly focused on other industries. Preliminary financial analyses of U.S. construction firms for identifying symptoms of business failure were conducted by Argenti (1976), Abbinante (1987) and Kangari (1988). These studies concluded that the usefulness of statistical models developed from financial ratios could only be increased by concentrating on individual industries. Business failure prediction for the local construction industry is still unexplored. Understanding the mechanism of failure is the key to attempting to avoid business failure. But most of the failure studies in the construction field focused at the project level for prequalification purposes (e.g. Hall, 1982; Kharbanda and Stallworthy, 1983; Morris and Hough, 1987) rather than at the company level. They were also addressed from the legal and organizational theory perspectives (Russell and Casey, 1992; Kale and Arditi, 1999). Some early works at the company level (e.g. Mason and Harris, 1979; Abidali and Harris, 1995) followed the Altman’s studies, which aimed at developing models or indicators to distinguish the financially distressed and the financially healthy construction companies. No prior investigations have attempted to develop failure models for predicting the probability of construction company failure. In addition, previous studies purely utilized the corporate financial data in their analysis. Little considerations were given to macroeconomic factors which account for an excess of 60% of construction company failures (Russell, 1991). Purpose of Proposed Investigation The purpose of this study is to develop a statistical model, constructed from financial and macroeconomic variables, to assess the solvency of construction companies and predict the chance of business failure. To achieve the desired purpose, the following objectives are envisaged: i) To assess the recent trend of business failure in the local construction industry and the common causes of failure; ii) To identify the key financial and economic variables determining the solvency of a company; iii) To develop a statistical model, based on the variables identified in (ii), to detect the impending insolvent company and predict the chance of business failure in the construction industry; and iv) To verify the predictability and robustness of the developed prediction model. |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Chan D.W.M., Lam P.T.I., Chan A.P.C. and Wong J.M.W., Achieving Better Performance Through Target Cost Contracts – The Tale Of An Underground Railway Station Modification Project, Facilities. 2010, 28(5/6): 261-277. |
| Chan D.W.M., Chan A.P.C., Lam P.T.I. and Wong J.M.W., Empirical Study Of The Risks And Difficulties In Implementing Guaranteed Maximum Price And Target Cost Contracts In Construction, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE. 2010, 136(5): 495-507. |
| Fan Y.C., Ng T.S.T. and Wong J.M.W., Reliability of the Box-Jenkins model for forecasting construction demand during economic austerity, Construction Management and Economics. 2010, 28(3): 241-254. |
| Ng T.S.T., Wong M.W. and Wong J.M.W., A structural equation model of feasibility evaluation and project success for public private partnerships, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. IEEE, 2010, 57(2): 310-322. |
| Ng T.S.T., Wong K.W.K. and Wong J.M.W., Equipping construction and related engineering students for the market needs in mainland China, In: H.W. Chu, J. Baralt & J.V. Carrasquero, Proceedings: 2nd International Symposium on Engineering Education and Educational Technologies (EEET 2010), June 29 - July 2, Rosen Center Hotel, Orlando, Florida. 2010, 5 pages. |
| Ng T.S.T. and Wong J.M.W., Proceedings: HKICM Symposium 2010: New Visions of the Middle East Construction Industry – Opportunities and Challenges Ahead. Hong Kong Institute of Construction Managers Press, 2010, 68 pages. |
| Ng T.S.T., Wong J.M.W. and Wong K.W.K., Public participation in public private partnership projects – the way forward, In: C.A. Brebbia, S. Hernandez & E. Tiezzi, Proceedings: Sixth International Conference on Urban Regeneration and Sustainability, April 14-16, La Coruña, Spain. 2010, 9 pages. |
| Wong J.M.W. and Ng T.S.T., Company failure in the construction industry: a critical review and a future research agenda, In: P. Harcombe, Proceedings: FIG International Congress 2010, April 11-16, Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre, Sydney, Australia. 2010, 17 pages. |
| Wong J.M.W. and Ng T.S.T., Construction at the crossroads: strategic planning for its sustainable development, Habitat International. Elsevier Ltd, 2009, 34(2): 256-263. |
| Wong J.M.W. and Ng T.S.T., Econometric modelling and forecasting of private housing demand, In: A.T. Molnar, Economic Forecasting. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York., 2009. |
| Wong J.M.W., Chan A.P.C. and Chiang Y.H., Modelling Construction Occupational Demand: The Case Of Hong Kong, Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE. 2010. |
| Researcher : Wong KKW |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Ng T.S.T., Wong K.K.W. and Li H., Improving public consultation in developing economies – lessons learnt from North America, In: A.R.A. Aziz, Proceedings: International Symposium on Construction in Developing Economies: Similarities among Diversities (CIB-W107), October 5-7, Bayview Hotel, Penang, Malaysia. 2009, 456-466. |
| Researcher : Wong KTM |
| Project Title: | Research Output Prize |
| Investigator(s): | Wong KTM, Lee JHW |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Research Output Prize (in Faculty) |
| Start Date: | 10/2008 |
| Abstract: |
| To identify and recognize the best research outputs in different faculties. |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Lee J.H.W., Wong K.T.M., Choi D.K.W. and Arega Woldemariam F., A post-operation audit of the Tai Hang Tung Storage Scheme, In: George C. Christodoulou & Anastasios I. Stamou, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Environmental Hydraulics. CRC Press/Balkema, 2010, 1: 27-37. |
| Researcher : Wong KWK |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Kumaraswamy M.M., Ofori G., Mahesh G., Teo E., Tjandra I. and Wong K.W.K., Construction Industry Improvement Initiatives: Are We Really Translating Rhetoric into Reality?, In: R. Rameezdeen, S. Senaratne and Y.G. Sandanayake, International Research Conference on Sustainability in Built Environment. Sri Lanka, BEMRU, Univ. of Moratuwa, 2010, 116-125. |
| Mahesh G., Kumaraswamy M.M., Wong K.W.K. and Xie H., Framework to Maximise Building Stock ‘Utility Life’ and ‘Whole Life Value’, In: R. Rameezdeen, S. Senaratne and Y.G. Sandanayake, International Research Conference on Sustainability in Built Environment. Sri Lanka, BEMRU, Univ. of Moratuwa, 2010, 134-140. |
| Ng T.S.T., Wong K.W.K. and Wong J.M.W., Equipping construction and related engineering students for the market needs in mainland China, In: H.W. Chu, J. Baralt & J.V. Carrasquero, Proceedings: 2nd International Symposium on Engineering Education and Educational Technologies (EEET 2010), June 29 - July 2, Rosen Center Hotel, Orlando, Florida. 2010, 5 pages. |
| Ng T.S.T., Wong J.M.W. and Wong K.W.K., Public participation in public private partnership projects – the way forward, In: C.A. Brebbia, S. Hernandez & E. Tiezzi, Proceedings: Sixth International Conference on Urban Regeneration and Sustainability, April 14-16, La Coruña, Spain. 2010, 9 pages. |
| Wong K.W.K., Kumaraswamy M.M., Mahesh G. and Ng T.S.T., Improving the image and sustainability of the Hong Kong construction industry through societal engagement for balanced infrastructure Development, Proceedings: 16th International Sustainable Development Research Conference, May 30 - June 1, The Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, Hong Kong. Hong Kong, The University of Hong Kong, 2010, 574-582. |
| Researcher : Wong MW |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Ng T.S.T., Wong M.W. and Wong J.M.W., A structural equation model of feasibility evaluation and project success for public private partnerships, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. IEEE, 2010, 57(2): 310-322. |
| Researcher : Wong SC |
| Project Title: | A multi-period lane-based optimization method for signalized network with explicit consideration of spatial queues |
| Investigator(s): | Wong SC |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2006 |
| Abstract: |
| The main objectives of this project are: 1. An extension of the lane-based optimization method to network analysis by incorporating a traffic model that can encapsulate the spatial queue propagation; and 2. Consideration of multi-period analysis in which a unique set of reliable lane markings that work well with different traffic patterns in different periods can be obtained. |
| Project Title: | Optimization theory and technology |
| Investigator(s): | Wong SC |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Matching Fund for NSFC Young Researcher Award |
| Start Date: | 01/2007 |
| Abstract: |
| To study optimization theory and technology. |
| Project Title: | Role of exposure and speed in road traffic accident analyses |
| Investigator(s): | Wong SC |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2008 |
| Abstract: |
| (1) To collect speed data on highways. (2) To establish the relationship between speed, speed dispersion, speed limit, and traffic counts, and estimate the length of exposure to risk on highways. (3) To develop risk models for the occurrence of an accident given a certain level of exposure and for injury severity in the event of an accident. |
| Project Title: | Dynamic continuum modeling approach to urban traffic equilibrium problems |
| Investigator(s): | Wong SC |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| 1. The first objective will be to develop dynamic continuum models for an urban transportation system that satisfy the dynamic system-optimal and predictive dynamic user-optimal principles. 2. The second objective will be to study the theoretical properties of the dynamic continuum models. 3. The third objective will be to develop effective and efficient solution procedures to solve the dynamic continuum models. |
| Project Title: | Reliability-based network design problems |
| Investigator(s): | Wong SC |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Small Project Funding |
| Start Date: | 09/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| The network design problem (NDP) is one of optimizing the improvement of a transportation network with respect to a system-wide objective while considering the travel choice behavior of network users. It involves making the optimal decisions at the strategic, tactical, and operational levels as to how to choose improvements for the network in such a way as to make efficient use of limited resources to achieve the stated objective (e.g., the minimization of total travel time or the maximization of social welfare). The NDP has long been recognized as one of the most difficult and challenging problems in the transportation literature, where it has received much attention. Despite the extensive development of the NDP, the emerging technique of reliability analysis has received relatively little attention in the design of reliable networks. In this project, we formulate the NDP within the context of reliability analysis, in which both demand and capacity variability are explicitly considered in an integrated framework. This demand and capacity variability is caused by a number of unforeseeable factors such as weather, work rescheduling, vehicle maintenance, etc. for the demand, and weather, traffic incident, traffic signal malfunctioning, etc. for the capacity. We aim to design a reliable network subject to a limited budget and opportunity for network improvement. This suggests the optimal use of limited resources to improve the network to ensure a smooth operation of the transportation network most of the times. The problem will be formulated as a bi-level program, in which the upper-level subprogram will maximize the network reliability and the lower-level subprogram will model the users’ responses to the new network design. Although a large segment of the literature has been devoted to the consideration of different kinds of variability in a transportation network, little attention has been paid to the assessment of interactions between the short-run variability and the long-run decisions of users. The network design not only influences the long-run choice of demand locations and levels, but also the reliability of the network operations in the short-run. Network reliability, in terms of how often a network breaks down due to unexpected demand or capacity degradation, will also affect users’ long-run perceptions of travel mobility and accessibility that will in turn affect their travel choices. Therefore, will be highly desirable to develop a model that can integrate both long-run and short-run interactions within a systematic and unified framework. To measure the network reliability at the upper-level subprogram, we will define a network reliability index that utilizes the concept of reserve capacity for a signal-controlled network, which measures the probability that all of the traffic links are operating below their respective stochastic capacities. To facilitate the search for the optimal network design, we will need to predict the users’ responses with respect to an improvement scenario specified at the upper-level. Therefore, we will establish a sensitivity analysis at the lower-level equilibrated solution, so that this information can be fed back to the upper-level to indicate the best search direction. For the decision variables in the NDP, we will consider both the reallocation of activity opportunities at demand locations and road improvements in the network, to ensure a flexible allocation of resources. Objective 1. The first objective will be to develop a reliability-based transportation network in which both long-run travel choices and short-run demand and capacity variability will be explicitly considered. Objective 2. The second objective will be to develop an efficient solution algorithm for the reliability-based network design problem. |
| Project Title: | Outstanding Researcher Award 2008-2009 |
| Investigator(s): | Wong SC |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Outstanding Researcher Award |
| Start Date: | 12/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| The Awards are intended to recognize, reward, and promote exceptional research accomplishments of academic and research staff. |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Chen A., Ryu S., Yang C. and Wong S.C., Alpha reliable network design problem: efficiency versus equity, Proceedings of the 14th HKSTS International Conference, 10-12 December, Hong Kong. Hong Kong, HKSTS, 2009, 2: 883-892. |
| Chen A., Ryu S., Yang C. and Wong S.C., Alpha reliable network design with multiple objectives and demand uncertainty, Paper presented at the 89th Annual Meeting of Transportation Research Board, 10-14 January. Washington D.C., USA, 2010. |
| Chen W., Wong S.C., Shu C.W. and Zhang P., Front tracking algorithm for the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards traffic flow model with a piecewise quadratic, continuous, non-smooth, and non-concave fundamental diagram, International Journal of Numerical Analysis and Modeling. Alberta, Canada, Institute for Scientific Computing and Information, 2009, 6: 562-585. |
| Guo R.Y., Wong S.C., Huang H.J., Zhang P. and Lam W.H.K., A microscopic pedestrian-simulation model and its application to intersecting flows, Physica A. New York, Elsevier, 2010, 389: 515-526. |
| Jiang Y.Q., Xiong T., Wong S.C., Shu C.W., Zhang M., Zhang P. and Lam W.H.K., A reactive dynamic continuum user equilibrium model for bi-directional pedestrian flows, Acta Mathematica Scientia. Wuhan, China, Elsevier Ltd., 2009, 29B: 1541-1555. |
| Lam W.H.K., Wong S.C. and Lo H.K., Transportation and Traffic Theory 2009: Golden Jubilee. USA, Springer, 2009. |
| Li Z.C., Lam W.H.K. and Wong S.C., Optimization of a bus and rail transit system with feeder bus services under different market regimes, In: W.H.K. Lam, S.C. Wong and H.K. Lo, Transportation and Traffic Theory 2009: Golden Jubilee. USA, Springer, 2009, 495-516. |
| Lo H.K., Lam W.H.K., Wong S.C. and Leung J.M.Y., Guest Editor, Special Issue on Advanced Methods for Public Transport System Management, Public Transport. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 2010, 2: 1-155. |
| Loo B.P.Y., Ho H.W., Wong S.C. and Zhang P., Using the Continuum Equilibrium Approach to Solve Airport Competition Problems: Computational and Application Issues, In: Li Weigang, Alexandre G. de Barros and Italo Romani de Oliveira, Computational Models, Software Engineering and Advanced Technologies in Air Transportation: Next Generation Applications. New York, IGI Global, 2010, 88-108. |
| Lu Y., Wong S.C., Zhang M. and Shu C.W., The entropy solutions for the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards traffic flow model with a discontinuous flow-density relationship, Transportation Science. Linthicum, MD, Transporation INFORMS, 2009, 43: 511-530. |
| Pei X., Wong S.C. and Sze N.N., Negative binomial regression model for disaggregate analysis of road accidents in Hong Kong, Paper presented at the 14th HKSTS International Conference, 10-12 December, Hong Kong. Hong Kong, 2009. |
| Pei X., Wong S.C. and Sze N.N., Negative binomial regression model for road accidents analysis in Hong Kong, Paper presented at the 89th Annual Meeting of Transportation Research Board, 10-14 January. Washington D.C., USA, 2010. |
| Shi W., Tong C.O., Wong S.C. and Yang H., Influence of multi-class customer-searching strategy of taxi drivers on taxi system performance, Paper presented at the 14th HKSTS International Conference, 10-12 December, Hong Kong. Hong Kong, 2009. |
| Shi W., Tong C.O., Wong S.C. and Yang H., Influence of vacant taxi driver’s customer searching strategy on taxi system performance, Paper presented at the Eleventh International Conference on Advanced Systems for Public Transport, 20-22 July, Hong Kong. Hong Kong, Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies, 2009. |
| Szeto W.Y., Wu Y.Z. and Wong S.C., Designing Bus Routes and Frequencies for Tin Shui Wai, Hong Kong, Proceedings of The HKIE Civil Division Conference 2010 - Infrastructure Solutions for Tomorrow. 2010. |
| Tong C.O. and Wong S.C., Heuristic algorithms for simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment, Transportmetrica. U.K., Taylor & Francis, 2010, 6: 97-120. |
| Tsui K.L., Sze N.N., So F.L. and Wong S.C., Association between drink driving and severity of crash injuries to road users, Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine. Hong Kong, Hong Kong Society for Emergency Medicine and Surgery, 2010, 17: 34-39. |
| Wong S.C., A reliability-based land use and transportation optimization model, Invited presentation at the Workshop on New Frontiers in Transportation Modeling, 29 January 2010, Melbourne, Australia.. 2010. |
| Wong S.C., Associate Editor, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. N.J., U.S.A., IEEE, 2009. |
| Wong S.C., Associate Editor, Journal of Advanced Transportation. Calgary, Canada, Institute for Transportation, 2009. |
| Wong S.C., Leung W.L., Chan S.H., Lam W.H.K., Yung N.H.C., Liu C. and Zhang P., Bidirectional pedestrian stream model with oblique intersecting angle, ASCE Journal of Transportation Engineering. New York, USA, ASCE, 2010, 136: 234-242. |
| Wong S.C., Editioral Board, The Open Transportation Journal. Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., 2009. |
| Wong S.C., Editor-in-Chief, International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. Philadelphia, USA, Taylor and Francis, Inc., 2009. |
| Wong S.C., Editor-in-Chief, Transportmetrica. Hong Kong, Taylor and Francis, Inc., 2009. |
| Wong S.C., Editorial Board, ASCE Journal of Urban Planning and Development. New York, ASCE, 2009. |
| Wong S.C., Editorial Board, International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics. United Kingdom, Inderscience Publishers, 2009. |
| Wong S.C., Editorial Board, Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems. Philadelphia, Taylor and Francis, Inc., 2009. |
| Wong S.C., Editorial Board, Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology. Amsterdam, Elsevier Publishing Service, 2009. |
| Wong S.C., Editorial Board, Open Environmental Sciences. Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., 2009. |
| Wong S.C., Editorial Board, The Open Numerical Methods Journal. Bentham Science Publishers, 2009. |
| Wong S.C., Editorial Board, The Open Urban Studies Journal. Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., 2009. |
| Wong S.C., Editorial Board, Transport Reviews. London, Taylor & Francis, 2009. |
| Wong S.C., Editorial Board, Transportation Research Part B. New York, Pergamon Press, 2009. |
| Wong S.C., Effectiveness of setting quantified targets in road safety strategies, Keynote lecture at the 2nd ATRANS Symposium on Transportation for Sustainable Development under Global Financial Crisis: Opportunity or Disaster?, 27-28 August 2009. Bangkok, Thailand, 2009. |
| Wong S.C. and Sze N.N., Is the effect of quantified road safety target sustainable?, Invited presentation at the Scientific Workshop on Road Safety Management, 16-17 November 2009. Haarlem, The Netherlands. |
| Wong S.C., Optimization of housing allocation in an urban city using continuum modeling approach, Invited presentation at the Workshop on New Frontiers in Transportation Modeling, 29 January 2010, Melbourne, Australia. 2010. |
| Yang H., Fung C.S., Wong K.I. and Wong S.C., Nonlinear pricing of taxi services, Transportation Research Part A. New York, Elsevier Ltd., 2010, 44: 337-348. |
| Yang T., Yang H. and Wong S.C., Meeting functions and returns to scales in urban taxi services, Paper presented at the Eleventh International Conference on Advanced Systems for Public Transport, 20-22 July, Hong Kong.. Hong Kong, Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies, 2009. |
| Yang T., Yang H. and Wong S.C., Modeling taxi services with a bilateral taxi-customer searching and meeting function, Paper presented at the 89th Annual Meeting of Transportation Research Board, 10-14 January. Washington D.C., USA, 2010. |
| Yim K.W., Wong S.C., Chen A. and Wong C.K., A reliability-based land use and transportation optimization model, Poster presented at the 18th International Symposium on Transportation and Traffic Theory, 16-18 July, Hong Kong. Hong Kong, Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies, 2009. |
| Zhang P., Wong S.C. and Dai S.Q., A note on the weighted essentially non-oscillatory numerical scheme for a multi-class Lighthill-Whitham-Richards traffic flow model, Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering. New York, Wiley, 2009, 25: 1120-1126. |
| Researcher : Wu J |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Cheng T.Y.W., Soo K.L., Kumaraswamy M.M. and Wu J., Are there ways to ensure fair and prompt payment? , Journal of the Hong Kong Electrical Contractors Association. Hong Kong, Hong Kong Electrical Contractors Association, 2009, 14: 124-230. |
| Cheng T.Y.W., Soo K.L., Kumaraswamy M.M. and Wu J., Security of Payment for Hong Kong Construction Industry , Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Management, Procurement and Law. London, UK, Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) UK, 2010, 163, Issue 1: 17–28. |
| Soo K.L., Kumaraswamy M.M. and Wu J., Exploratory Study of Measures for securing Payment to Contractors: The International Landscape, International Law Review. Wuhan, Wuhan University Press, 2010, 10: 27-41. |
| Researcher : Wu Y |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Chen J. and Wu Y., Enhancement of physical representation in a basin-scale hydrologic model, SWAT, Singapore, AOGS2009. |
| Chen J. and Wu Y., What is the philosophy of modeling soil moisture movement?, AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco. 2009. |
| Wu Y. and Chen J., Simulation of nitrogen and phosphorus loads in the Dongjiang River basin in South China using SWAT, Frontiers of Earth Science in China. Higher Education Press, co-published with Springer-Verlag Gm, 2009, 3: 273-278. |
| Researcher : Xiao F |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Li X.Y., Xiao F., Zhong R. and Zhang X.H., PIV characterisation of flocculation dynamics and floc structure in water treatment (keynote), 6th International Conference on Interfaces Against Pollution, Beijing, China. Beijing, China., 2010. |
| Ren T., Xiao F. and Li X.Y., Investigation of the deformable feature of bio-flocs and its influence on mass transport using particle image velocimetry (PIV), 3rd IWA Asia-Pacific Regional (ASPIRE) Conference, Taipei, Taiwan. Taipei, Taiwan, 2009. |
| Zhai G., Xiao F. and Li X.Y., Transport and removal of nanoparticles during granular medium filtration, 6th International Conference on Interfaces Against Pollution, Beijing, China.. Beijing, China, 2010. |
| Researcher : Xie H |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Mahesh G., Kumaraswamy M.M., Wong K.W.K. and Xie H., Framework to Maximise Building Stock ‘Utility Life’ and ‘Whole Life Value’, In: R. Rameezdeen, S. Senaratne and Y.G. Sandanayake, International Research Conference on Sustainability in Built Environment. Sri Lanka, BEMRU, Univ. of Moratuwa, 2010, 134-140. |
| Researcher : Xie J |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Xie J. and Ng T.S.T., A multi-objective decision support model for public private partnerships schemes, In: P. Barrett, Proceedings: CIB World Congress 2010, May 10-13, The Lowry, Salford Quays, Manchester, UK. 2010, 11 pages. |
| Researcher : Xie Z |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Li X.Y. and Xie Z., Electrochemical treatment of landfill leachate for nitrogen removal (invited), 2009 Wuhan International Conference on the Environment, Wuhan, China. Wuhan, China, 2009. |
| Researcher : Xu K |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Zhou Y., Cheuk J.C.Y., Xu K. and Tham L.G., Effect of surface and sub-surface infiltration on the behaviour of loose fill slopes, the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Millpress Science Publishers, 2009. |
| Researcher : Xu X |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Xu X. and Li X.Y., Adsorption and desorption of antibiotic tetracycline on marine sediments, Chemosphere. 2010, 78: 430-436. |
| Xu X. and Li X.Y., Adsorption behaviour of benzyl butyl phthalate on marine sediments: equilibrium assessments, effects of organic carbon content, temperature and salinity, Marine Chemistry. 2009, 115: 66-71. |
| Xu X., Li X.Y., Li X.Z. and Li H., Degradation of melatonin by UV, UV/H2O2, Fe2+/H2O2 and UV/Fe2+/H2O2 processes, Separation and Purification Technology. 2009, 68: 261-266. |
| Researcher : Xu Z |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Li B., Zhang T., Xu Z. and Fang H.H.P., Rapid analysis of 21 antibiotics of multiple classes in municipal wastewater using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry , Analytica Chimica Acta. 2009, 645(1-2): 64-72. |
| Researcher : Yan Q |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Jin T., Zhang T. and Yan Q., Characterization and quantification of ammonia-oxidizing Archaea (AOA) and Bacteria (AOB) in a nitrogen-removing reactor using T-RFLP and qPCR, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2010, 87: 1167-1176. |
| Researcher : Yan RWM |
| Project Title: | Numerical analysis of the onset and propagation of shear band in bonded granular materials |
| Investigator(s): | Yan RWM |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 09/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| Failure of earth structures characterised by a localised failure zone with extremely large relative displacements is common in geotechnical engineering, for instance landslide and shallow foundation failure. Such failures cause not only engineers’ attention but also public concern. Similar failure pattern can be observed in the laboratory when localised failures occur in triaxial or biaxial compression tests. The deformation mode changes from uniform to a localised shear band starting from some stages of the shearing. Analytical solution using Mohr circle analysis only shows a shear band orientated at to the minor principal stress, where is the friction angle of the material. The specimen then splits into two blocks and they slide with respect to each other. This classical solution does not address the band formation mechanism nor describe its formation process. Localisation problem in geomaterials received more attention in the last decade (Mühlhaus et al. 2001; Labuz and Drescher 2003). Theoretically it is a bifurcation problem with solution uniqueness and stability being questioned in the corresponding boundary value problem. It is well accepted that such strain localisation phenomenon is due to the softening characteristic of the study material. Strictly speaking, softening is attributed to two different mechanisms: geometric and true material softening. Geometric softening is caused by non-uniform stress state inside the specimen where end-platen friction is a typical source (Drescher and Vardoulakis 1982). On the contrary, peak strength associated with dilation and subsequent strength reduction owing to particle rearrangement and force chains collapse account for the true material softening. Strain softening explains the strain localisation failure phenomenon in a fundamental approach. It rationalises force equilibrium but not deformation compatibility along the shear band by taking into account a plastic loading and elastic unloading inside and outside the band respectively (Vardoulakis and Sulem 1995). In cohesionless materials, dilation gives rise to strength that is higher than the ultimate value at the critical state. Dilation then vanishes at large strains and leads to a purely frictional residual strength. This is a well observed behaviour in dense sands under drained shearing. The redistribution of force chains concept is usually employed to explain this macroscopic strength reduction (Oda and Kazama 1998; Mitchell and Soga 2005). The development of shear banding in bonded granular materials is, however, more complicated. Bonded material is usually characterised by its high stiffness, brittleness with distinct peak shear strength, and substantial softening. Soil improvement by the intrusion of bonding agent, such as portland cement, on one hand results in a stiffer material with higher strength. Unfortunately the soil becomes vulnerable to an abrupt localised failure caused by strain softening. At low strain level dilatancy is suppressed by the interparticle bonds in a way that it materialises a stable force chain system. Shear strength is inevitably increased due to the bonds. On one hand, further straining causes bond breakage and leads to strength reduction. On the other hand, such bond breakage allows dilation to occur which provides additional strength by interlocking (Wang and Leung 2008). The two factors are competing against each other. Interplay between the two mechanisms definitely plays a key role on the development of strain softening and thus the onset and propagation of shear band in a bonded geomaterial. Understanding the underlying mechanism is only possible by a careful examination of interrelated parameters at the particulate level. The proposed research aims to understand the underlying mechanism of the band onset and propagation in a bonded geomaterial. The discrete element approach is adopted so that the mechanism at the particulate level can be revealed numerically. Careful particulate level monitoring includes the number and location of bond breakage, particle translation and rotation inside and outside the shear band, evolution of void space, and distribution of contact force vectors during the shearing process. The microscopic observation is associated with macroscopic boundary conditions and configuration evolution of the specimen. |
| Project Title: | 16th US National Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics A model for natural soils with the dissipation of locked energy |
| Investigator(s): | Yan RWM |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 06/2010 |
| Completion Date: | 07/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Sun T.K. and Yan R.W.M., Development of neutral plane in a pile in a consolidating ground., Proceedings of 2nd International Symposium on Computational Mechanics and 12th International Conference on the Enhancement and Promotion of Computational Methods in Engineering and Science. AIP, 2009, 1594-1599. |
| Yan R.W.M., A model for natural soils with the dissipation of locked energy, Proceedings of the 16th US National Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. 2010. |
| Yan R.W.M., Yuen K.V. and Yoon G.L., Bayesian probabilistic approach for the correlations of compression index for marine clays, In: Jonathan P. Stewart, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering ASCE. USA, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009, 135: 1932-1940. |
| Yan R.W.M., Ng I.T. and Cheuk C.Y., Displacement field around an open-tube sampling, In: Springman, Laue and Seward, Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics. London, Taylor and Francis group, 2010, 411-416. |
| Yan R.W.M. and Ma Y., Geotechnical characterization of Macau marine deposits, In: Crosta, G. B. and Shlemon, R. J., Engineering Geology: An International Journal. Elsevier, 2010, 113: 62-69. |
| Researcher : Yang J |
| Project Title: | Identification of Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction Effects on Soil Liquefaction |
| Investigator(s): | Yang J, Li XS |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2006 |
| Abstract: |
| The main objectives of this project are: (a) to investigate dynamic SSI effects on soil liquefaction by means of physical modeling, numerical simulations and case history analyses. (b) to provide a body of physical data on soil-structure interaction at liquefiable sites, and improve understanding of the mechanisms involved in the process. |
| Project Title: | Outstanding Young Researcher Award 2006-2007 |
| Investigator(s): | Yang J |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Outstanding Young Researcher Award |
| Start Date: | 11/2007 |
| Abstract: |
| Nil |
| Project Title: | A micoscale study of fabric anisotropy of granular soils |
| Investigator(s): | Yang J |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 04/2008 |
| Completion Date: | 09/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| Geomaterials such as sand and gravel are granular matters comprising discrete particles and voids. Because of the discrete nature, the behaviour of this kind of materials is extremely complex and is not yet fully understood. One of the most difficult problems in understanding the stress-strain-strength behaviour of granular soils is the effect of fabric anisotropy. Due primarily to the deposition process under the earth gravity, the in situ behaviour of soils is inherently anisotropic, meaning that the response of the same soil mass may vary as the stress tensor rotates with reference to the orientation of the soil fabric. The anisotropic effect has been consistently observed in the laboratory (Tatsuoka et al., 1986; Vaid et al., 1999): two specimens of a granular soil, prepared by different methods, may exhibit quite different responses to applied loading under otherwise identical conditions. On the other hand, many experimental investigations (Riemer and Seed, 1997; Yoshimine et al., 1998) have indicated that two specimens of a granular soil, even prepared using the same method, may exhibit different responses if the loading paths applied to them are different. The traditional pathway to the study of granular soils is to treat them as a continuum material, and the constitutive description of their behaviour is established with the continuum mechanical concepts and the phenomenological methods. The incorporation of fabric anisotropy in the context of classical continuum mechanics and plasticity generally produces extremely complicated constitutive models that are practically intractable. The primary difficulties lie in (a) how to effectively quantify the fabric anisotropy and (b) how to rationally introduce the anisotropic effects into the continuum mechanics framework. As a result, the fundamental mechanisms behind the diverse behaviour of granular soils observed in the laboratory and in situ are not well understood. For example, great uncertainties exist in the critical state of granular soil, which is the key concept in modern soil mechanics. It is common to postulate that soil has a unique structure at the critical state irrespective of its initial fabric and the loading history. In recent years, however, there are many arguments about whether the initial fabric affects the critical state of soil and whether the critical state line is unique irrespective of loading paths and other factors. It should be noted that the complex behaviour of granular soil mainly originates from its discrete nature. That is to say, the macroscale behaviour observed in the laboratory and in situ is not only dependent on the interaction between the discrete particles but also on that how these discrete particles are packed in space. It then follows that a better understanding of the behaviour of granular soils can be obtained on the basis of the microscale considerations. From this point of view, the principal objective of this proposed project is set to investigate the fabric anisotropy of granular soil and its effect on the macroscale behaviour at the microscale/particulate scale. The proposed research will be conducted by means of advanced discrete element modelling and physical modelling, with particular attention paid to the following fundamental issues: (1) What are the effects of particle properties (inter-particle friction, particle shape, and particle grading) on initial fabric? (2) How does the initial fabric evolve during loading history and how do the particle properties affect the evolution? (3) Whether is the critical state line unique, and if not, what are the main influencing factors? Note: A list of references is given in Section VII. |
| Project Title: | Investigation of the Role of Fine Particles in Flow Liquefaction of Sands |
| Investigator(s): | Yang J |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 06/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| A mass of sand in loose and saturated state, when subjected to a shear load under constant volume conditions, will collapse to flow rapidly to large deformations. In such a process the mass of sand transfers from a solid state to a fluid state as the result of sudden, dramatic loss of strength. This flow type of behavior, known as flow liquefaction in geotechnical engineering (Kramer, 1996; Ishihara, 1993), can cause devastating effects on earth structures (dams, embankments, slopes, etc.). The slides failure of Sheffield Dam is a typical example of flow liquefaction. Therefore, considerable effort has been made worldwide to understand the mechanisms underlying flow liquefaction, mainly through well-controlled laboratory tests on clean sands having particle size between 200 and 600 micrometers. A number of factors affecting sand liquefaction have been identified and several methods have been developed for evaluating the potential of flow liquefaction of earth structures and for mitigating risks of flow failures of these structures. However, most natural sands encountered in situ or in practical applications always contain some quantity of finer particles whose size ranges from several to several tens micrometers. These particles are referred to as silt and clay particles in soil mechanics. It is thus necessary to investigate the effect of fine particles on the mechanical behavior of sand masses. A review of published studies in the literature shows that the presence of fine particles will in some manner affect the resistance of a sand assembly to flow liquefaction; but no clear conclusions can be drawn as to in what manner and to what degree the liquefaction resistance will be affected by fine particles. Several studies have reported that increasing the content of silt particles in a mass of sand will increase the liquefaction resistance of the sand (Pitman et al., 1994; Kuerbis et al., 1988); several other studies, however, arrived at an opposite conclusion that increasing the silt content will decrease the resistance (Lade and Yamamuro, 1997; Zlatovic and Ishihara, 1995). The conflicting findings indicate that great uncertainty and inconsistency exists in understanding the effects of fine particles, underscoring the need for continued research. The complexity of the problem lies in that sand-silt mixtures are essentially granular materials comprising of discrete particles that interact with each other. In this connection, their behavior observed in the laboratory or in the field are strongly dependent on how these particles are packed in space before loading and on how the packing pattern evolves in the subsequent loading process. Furthermore, it should be noted that the packing pattern is closely related to the physical properties of particles, including particle shape, particle size distribution, and plasticity of particles (i.e. plastic particles or non-plastic particles), and that the evolution of packing pattern is also related to the loading or stress path. Most of the existing studies on the effects of fine particles have concentrated on the fraction of fines by testing sand specimens with different fines contents. The effects of particle properties, which should play a more fundamental role, have however received much less attention. Keeping the above observations and considerations in mind, the principal objective of this proposed study is set to investigate the role of fine particles in flow liquefaction of sand through a comprehensive experimental program, with particular attention on the following key issues: (1) What is the effect of particle size distribution? (2) What is the effect of particle shape? (3) What is the effect of plasticity of fine particles? (4) What is the effect of loading path on the response? |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Jia Y., Chi S., Yang J. and Lin G., Measurement of breakage energy of coarse granular aggregates, Rock and Soil Mechanics. 2009, 30(7): 1960-1966. |
| Lu H., Liang P., Yang J. and Shang S., Analysis of dynamic soil-structure interaction, Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration. 2009, 29(6): 182-190. |
| Sze H.Y. and Yang J., Initial static shear effect on cyclic liquefaction of sand, HKIE Transactions. 2009, 16(4): 20-27. |
| Yang J., Sze H.Y. and Heung M.K., Effect of initial static shear on cyclic behavior of sand, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Alexandria, Egypt. 2009. |
| Yang J. and Dai B., Fabric anisotropy of granular materials: a microscale modeling, Proceedings of the 16th US National Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Pennsylvania, USA. 2010. |
| Yang J. and Sze H.Y., Failure of saturated sand in non-symmetric loading, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Recent Advances in Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Dynamics, San Diego, California. 2010. |
| Yang J., Is our seismic code adequate: a geotechnical engineering perspective, Lecture at Colloquium for Humboldt Fellows and Awardees in China on Perspectives of Environmental Research Cooperation between China and Germany, Beijing, China. 2009. |
| Yang J., Is our seismic code adequate: a geotechnical engineering perspective, Lecture at Peking University. 2009. |
| Researcher : Yang Y |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Yang Y., Pam H.J. and Kumaraswamy M.M., Framework Development of Performance Prediction Models for Concrete Bridges, Journal of Transportation Engineering. USA, ASCE, 2009, 135, No. 8: 545-554. |
| Researcher : Ye L |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Zhang T., Jin T., Ye L. and Qian P...Y., AOA and AOB in sewage treatment plants, laboratory reactors and estuary sediments, Proceedings of 13th Cross-Strait Environmental Technology Conference. April 24-25, 2010, Chong Qing, China. . 2010. |
| Researcher : Yeung AT |
| Project Title: | Field study of ground vibration induced by percussion piling |
| Investigator(s): | Yeung AT |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding for New Staff |
| Start Date: | 03/2004 |
| Abstract: |
| To quantify the degree of ground vibration induced by percussion piling as a function of hammer characteristics, distance between pile and sensitive receiver, penetration depth of pile and subsurface conditions by full-scale field measurements. |
| Project Title: | Application of Grid-based Tactile Pressure Sensors in Geotechnical Modeling of Soil Nails and Pile Groups |
| Investigator(s): | Yeung AT |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 10/2005 |
| Abstract: |
| The objectives of this research proposal are to: (1) Establish the viability of using the advanced pressure sensor technology in geotechnical modeling. (2) Study the engineering behavior of pile groups with and without stiffness inserts. (3) Develop more realistic and economical design methodologies for pile groups. (4) Develop a better understanding of the natural phenomena of soil arching and dilatancy. |
| Project Title: | Laboratory study on the feasibility of using the foundation system as a heat exchanger for the water-cooled air conditioning system |
| Investigator(s): | Yeung AT |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Small Project Funding |
| Start Date: | 01/2006 |
| Abstract: |
| Lower energy expenses can significantly lower the business costs of Hong Kong, rendering Hong Kong more competitive economically in the world market. Moreover, reduction of electric power consumption can contribute significantly to the sustainable development of Hong Kong. The electric power consumed by air conditioning systems in Hong Kong accounts for about one-third of the total electric power consumption. With an increasing population and continuing development, the use of air conditioning is growing in the years to come. It is recognized that prudent means for improving the energy efficiency of air conditioning systems may lead to substantial reduction of electric energy consumption, thereby resulting in overall economic as well as environmental benefits to the society. Studies conducted by the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department of the Government confirm that one of such means is wider implementation of the water-cooled air conditioning system (WACS) which uses cooling water to remove heat from the condenser unit because: (1) WACS is more energy efficiency than the air-cooled system; and (2) reduction of electricity consumption leads to lower emission of combustion products from the electricity generation process. For the time being, the ultimate receiving body for the effluent of WACS in Hong Kong is the sea. Therefore, commercial, industrial or institutional buildings using large WACSs need a continuous supply of cooling water and a convenient heat sink for heat transfer. For wider implementation of the WACS, these two problems must be solved. Many tall buildings in Hong Kong are supported by large-diameter bored piles of typical lengths of 40 m to 100 m. During the construction of bored piles, at least four tubes are built for each pile along the full length of the pile for performance of sonic tests to evaluate the integrity of the constructed pile. It may be possible to circulate cooling water of the WACS through these tubes so that heat can be transfer to the Earth at no extra construction costs. This research program is proposed to establish the viability of using the Earth as the heat sink for the WACS in lieu of the sea by laboratory measurements and computer simulations. |
| Project Title: | 2007 Landslide Symposium Public Awareness and Participation in Reduction of Landslide Risk - Hong Kong Experience |
| Investigator(s): | Yeung AT |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 04/2007 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| Project Title: | 9th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation Milestone Developments, Myths, and Future Directions of Electrokinetic Remediation |
| Investigator(s): | Yeung AT |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 06/2010 |
| Completion Date: | 06/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Gu Y., Yeung A.T. and Li H.J., EDTA-enhanced electrokinetic extraction of cadmium from a natural clay of high buffer capacity, In: Y. Chen, X. Tang, and L. Zhan, Advances in Environmental Geotechnics, Proc., International Symposium on Geoenvironmental Engineering. Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Zhejiang University Press, 2009, 790-795. |
| Gu Y., Yeung A.T., Koenig A. and Li H., Effects of chelating agents on the zeta potential of cadmium-contaminated natural clay, Separation Science and Technology. 2009, 44(10): 2203-2222. |
| Gu Y. and Yeung A.T., Enhanced electrokinetic extraction of cadmium from natural clay by citric acid industrial wastewater (CAIW), In: Gordon C.C. Yang, Scientific Advances and Innovative Applications in Electrokinetic Remediation, Proc., the 9th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation, Kaohsiung. 2010, 29-30. |
| Yeung A.T., Education and training of construction professionals, Hong Kong Construction Association Scholarship Presentation Ceremony cum Seminar. Hong Kong, Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education (Tsing Yi), 2010. |
| Yeung A.T., So T.C., Kwong A.K.L., Tham L.G. and Zhao W.B., Field-scale constructability evaluation of underwater vacuum preloading, Geomechanics and Geoengineering: An International Journal. 2009, 4(3): 245-252. |
| Yeung A.T., Geochemical processes affecting electrochemical remediation, In: Krishna R. Reddy and Claudio Cameselle, Electro-chemical remediation technologies for polluted soils, sediments and groundwater. New York, N.Y., John Wiley & Sons, 2009, 65-94. |
| Yeung A.T., Geomechanics and Geoengineering: An International Journal. Taylor and Francis, 2010. |
| Yeung A.T., Ng T.S.T., Tham L.G. and Lee P.K.K., HKU's double professional civil engineering and law programme, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Management, Procurement and Law. 2010, 163(MP2): 77-85. |
| Yeung A.T., Hong Kong Conduit Condition Evaluation Codes - The Code of Practice on Conduit Condition Evaluation Using CCTV in Hong Kong, 4th Edition. Hong Kong, Advanced Technovation Limited, 2009. |
| Yeung A.T., Long-term environmental harmonization design concept & disaster mitigation, International Roundtable Discussion, Chinese Institute of Civil & Hydraulic Engineering Annual Meeting. Hsinchu, Taiwan, 2009. |
| Yeung A.T., Milestone developments, myths, and future directions of electrokinetic remediation, 9th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation. Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 2010. |
| Yeung A.T., Milestone developments, myths, and future directions of electrokinetic remediation, In: Gordon C.C. Yang, Editor, 9-16., Scientific Advances and Innovative Applications in Electrokinetic Remediation, Proc., the 9th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation, Kaohsiung. 2010, 9-16. |
| Yeung A.T., Remediation technologies for contaminated sites, In: Y. Chen, X. Tang, and L. Zhan, Advances in Environmental Geotechnics, Proc., International Symposium on Geoenvironmental Engineering. Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Zhejiang University Press, 2009, 328-369. |
| Yeung A.T., Remediation technologies for contaminated sites, International Symposium on Environmental Geotechnology. Hangzhou, 2009. |
| Yeung A.T., Slope disaster prevention in Hong Kong: Past, present and future, 2009 ASCE Taiwan International Group Annual Convention. Hsinchu, Taiwan, 2009. |
| Yeung A.T., The Open Waste Management Journal. 2010. |
| Yeung A.T., Use of green materials in maintenance and construction, Conference on Green Buildings: Better Quality of Life. Hong Kong, 2010. |
| Yeung A.T., Use of wireless technology to enhance safety of tunnel construction, Proc., Hong Kong Tunnelling Conference 2009. Hong Kong, 229-235. |
| Researcher : Yim KW |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Yim K.W., Wong S.C., Chen A. and Wong C.K., A reliability-based land use and transportation optimization model, Poster presented at the 18th International Symposium on Transportation and Traffic Theory, 16-18 July, Hong Kong. Hong Kong, Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies, 2009. |
| Researcher : Young B |
| Project Title: | Structural performance of innovative cold-formed high strength steel Z-sections |
| Investigator(s): | Young B |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2008 |
| Completion Date: | 06/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| 1. Develop innovative cold-formed high strength steel Z-sections making use of stiffeners. 2. Conduct a series of beam tests on cold-formed steel Z-sections with different types of edge stiffeners.3. Develop a nonlinear finite element model based on the test results. 4. Perform an extensive parametric study of cross-section geometry and material properties using the developed finite element model. 5. Enhance the understanding of the behaviour of innovative cold-formed high strength steel Z-sections. 6. Propose design rules for the innovative cold-formed high strength steel Z-sections. |
| Project Title: | Design of oval hollow section steel columns |
| Investigator(s): | Young B |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 06/2008 |
| Completion Date: | 06/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| The manufacturing process of fabricating cold-formed steel members usually involves brake-pressing and roll-forming of steel sheets and strip to produce a wide range of cross-section shapes. As a result, open cold-formed steel sections are usually singly-, point- or non-symmetric. The commonly used cold-formed steel open sections are channels, Z-sections and angles, while the closed sections are circular, square and rectangular hollow sections. It should be noted that open sections are weak in twisting action, whereas closed sections could resist a relatively large twisting action. Closed sections are often found in use in cold-formed steel structures due to their relatively large torsional rigidity and their favorable radius of gyration about both principal axes. However, these closed sections are normally confined to the abovementioned sections (circular, square and rectangular hollow sections). Architecturally, closed sections of oval shapes are more attractive than the usual closed sections, but international steel design codes do not provide design rules for oval sections. Therefore, the purpose of this research study is to develop design rules for oval section steel columns through expertimental, numerical and theoretical investigations. The objectives of the project are as follows: • Conduct a series of oval section steel column tests. • Develop a nonlinear finite element model based on the test results. • Perform an extensive parametric study of the oval section steel columns. • Propose design rules for the oval section columns, such that structural engineers are able to use the propose design rules. |
| Project Title: | Structural behaviour of cold-formed steel columns and frames at elevated temperatures |
| Investigator(s): | Young B |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| 1. Conduct a series of column tests on cold-formed steel square and rectangular hollow sections at elevated temperatures ranging from 20 to 1000 ºC. 2. Perform a series of flat and corner coupon tests at elevated temperatures to determine the material properties of the cold-formed steel specimens. 3. Develop a nonlinear finite element model based on the column test results, and perform an extensive parametric study of cross-section geometry using the developed finite element model. 4. Modify the Rankine approach for cold-formed steel columns at elevated temperatures. 5. Propose design rules for cold-formed steel columns at elevated temperatures. |
| Project Title: | Strengthening of stainless steel tubular structural members |
| Investigator(s): | Young B |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 06/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| The use of stainless steel as primary structural components are arising due to its attractive features in terms of durability, fire resistance and recyclability as entering a global transition towards sustainable development and reduction in environment impact. The webs of stainless steel members may cripple due to high localised bearing forces. Therefore, web crippling must be accounted for in the design of stainless steel members. The localized failure due to web crippling can be prevented by some forms of strengthening using fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP). However, the current design rules of the American, Australian/New Zealand and European specifications for stainless steel structures do not provide design rules for strengthened stainless steel tubular members subjected to web crippling. Therefore, efficient design guidelines should be prepared for stainless steel tubular members to offset its higher material costs. The experimental investigation into the behaviour of strengthened stainless steel tubular members subjected to web crippling will be carry out in this project. A series of tests on square and rectangular hollow sections strengthened by FRP will be loaded subjected to concentrated force. Furthermore, web crippling design equations for strengthened stainless steel tubular members will be proposed. The proposed design rules would lead to a more economical and safe design for stainless steel structures. The objectives of the project are as follows: - Conduct a series of web crippling tests on stainless steel hollow sections strengthened by fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP). - Develop a nonlinear finite element model to predict the web crippling strengths. - Perform an extensive parametric study using the finite element model. - Develop web crippling design rules for strengthened stainless steel tubular members. |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Dinis P...B., Young B. and Camotim D., On the Effect of Local/Distortional Mode Interaction on the Post-Buckling Behaviour and Ultimate Strength of Fixed-Ended Lipped Channel Columns, Proceedings of IJSSD Symposium on Progress in Structural Stability and Dynamics. 2009, 191-198. |
| Feng R. and Young B., Design of Concrete-Filled Stainless Steel Tubular Connections, Advances in Structural Engineering. 2010, 13: 471-492. |
| Feng R. and Young B., Tests of Concrete-filled Stainless Steel Tubular X-joints, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Steel Concrete Composite and Hybrid Structures. UK, 2009, 605-612. |
| Silvestre N., Camotim D. and Young B., On the Use of the EC3 and AISI Specifications to Estimate the Ultimate Load of CFRP-Strengthened Cold-formed Steel Lipped Channel Columns, Thin-walled Structures, ELSEVIER. 2009, 47: 1102-1111. |
| Silvestre N., Camotim D. and Young B., Ultimate Strength and Design of Lipped Channel Columns Experiencing Local/Distortional Mode Interaction - Part II: DSM Design Approach, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Advances in Steel Structures. 2009, 470-479. |
| Young B. and Zhou F., Design of Aluminum Alloy Tubular Sections Subjected to Web Crippling, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Advances in Steel Structures. 2009, 269-276. |
| Young B., Editor, Special Issue on Innovative Design of Steel Structures, Advances in Structural Engineering. 2010, 13. |
| Young B., Editorial Board, Journal of Advanced Steel Construction. 2010. |
| Young B., Editorial Board, Journal of Advances in Civil Engineering. 2010. |
| Young B., Editorial Board, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, ELSEVIER. 2010. |
| Young B., Editorial Board, Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications. 2010. |
| Young B., Editorial Board, Journal of Thin-Walled Structures, ELSEVIER. 2010. |
| Young B., Editorial Board, Progress in Steel Building Structures (In Chinese). 2010. |
| Young B., Editorial Board, The Open Civil Engineering Journal. 2010. |
| Young B., Editorial Board, The Open Construction & Building Technology Journal. 2010. |
| Young B., Camotim D. and Silvestre N., Ultimate Strength and Design of Lipped Channel Columns Experiencing Local/Distortional Mode Interaction - Part I: Experimental Investigation, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Advances in Steel Structures. 2009, 460-469. |
| Zhou F. and Young B., Concrete-filled Aluminum Circular Hollow Section Column Tests, Thin-walled Structures, ELSEVIER. 2009, 47: 1272-1280. |
| Zhou F. and Young B., Experimental Investigation of Concrete-Filled Aluminum Stub Columns, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Steel Concrete Composite and Hybrid Structures. UK, 2009, 245-252. |
| Zhou F., Young B. and Zhao X...L..., Tests and Design of Aluminum Tubular Sections Subjected to Concentrated Bearing Load, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE. 2009, 135: 806-817. |
| Zhou F. and Young B., Web Crippling Tests of Aluminum Rectangular Hollow Sections, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings. 2009, 319-328. |
| Zhou F. and Young B., Web Crippling of Aluminium Tubes with Perforated Webs, Engineering Structures, ELSEVIER. 2010, 32: 1397-1410. |
| Researcher : Yu D |
| Project Title: | 16th IAHR-APD 2008 and ISHS-IAHR MODELLING OF DENSE JET IN CO-FLOW AND COUNTER FLOW |
| Investigator(s): | Yu D |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 10/2008 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| Researcher : Yue QZQ |
| Project Title: | Focal Mechanism of 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12, 2008 |
| Investigator(s): | Yue QZQ |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 03/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| What caused the 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12, 2008 in Sichuan, China? To many people, it may not be a question or has been answered since a majority of the experts in earthquake and seismology believed and said the Earthquake was a result of northward convergence of the India plate against the Eurasia plate. The convergence of the two plates was broadly accommodated by the uplift of the Asian highlands and by the motion of crustal material to the east away from the uplifted Tibetan Plateau. Or more specifically, according to USGS, the Earthquake of May 12, 2008 “occurred as the result of motion on a northeast striking reverse fault or thrust fault on the northwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin. The earthquake's epicenter and focal-mechanism are consistent with it having occurred as the result of movement on the Longmenshan fault or a tectonically related fault. The earthquake reflects tectonic stresses resulting from the convergence of crustal material slowly moving from the high Tibetan Plateau, to the west, against strong crust underlying the Sichuan Basin and southeastern China.” At the very beginning, the PI also believed this kind of focal mechanism of the Wenchuan Earthquake. After his field inspection between June and August, however, the PI gradually became puzzled and questioning the conventional theory of the focal mechanism. The PI studied the damaged areas via analysis of satellite images, inspected the epicenter zones from Yinxiu to Qingchuan. The factual data obtained by the PI can demonstrate that the occurrence of the Earthquake was not due to faulting in the framework of the classical elastic rebound theory of earthquake. The Earthquake was caused by the eruptions of highly pressurized coal-derived gases (mainly methane) trapped in the isolated ground openings along the epicentre zones (or the Longmen Shan fault zones). It can be simply described as follows. Due to faulting, folding and discordance contacts, there were possibly openings and caverns in the ground along the faults. Due to in-situ stresses in rocks, high pressured natural gas in the rock strata can gradually and continuously seep, migrate and emit into the openings, which makes the gas amount in the openings more and more and its pressure higher and higher. When the gas pressure is high enough, the pressurized gas would fracture and burst the rocks along the faults and cause the main shock. As soon as the gas pressure is reduced to the level less than the new in-situ stress of the surrounding rocks, the main shock fractures along the fault will be closed tightly again. The natural gas is kept in the openings again and still has relatively high pressure, which can cause aftershocks. With time, new gas will migrate into the openings and increase the pressure. Next earthquake would occur again. The PI has reported his findings to newspapers in Hong Kong and in Mainland China (see attached newspaper clips in Chinese) and also made oral presentations at five national conferences and three universities in Mainland China and one international conference in India since July 2008. Based on his investigation and findings, the PI will continue to carry out in-depth and more detailed studies on the new focal mechanism of the Earthquake in Longmen Shan proposed by the PI and his research collaborators in Mainland China. |
| Project Title: | The Fourth Japan-China Geotechnical Symposium 2010 AUTOMATIC MONITORING OF DRILLING PROCESS FOR MECHANICAL PROFILES OF GROUNDS COMPOSING BOTH SOILS AND ROCKS |
| Investigator(s): | Yue QZQ |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff |
| Start Date: | 04/2010 |
| Completion Date: | 04/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| N/A |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Ai Z.Y. and Yue Q.Z.Q., Elastic analysis of axially loaded single pile in multilayered soils, International Journal of Engineering Science. UK, 2009, 47(11-12): 1079-1088. |
| Chen C.Y., Yue Q.Z.Q., Chen A.X., Chen Y.J. and Bai C.X., Geohazard characteristics and cause analysis of ground subsidence and deformation along national highway in Beijing, Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. Nanjing, 2010, 32(3): 356-361. |
| Gao G.Y., Li N. and Yue Q.Z.Q., Experimental Study On Active Vibration Isolation By Wib In Layered Ground Under Vertical Loading, In: Xia H; Takemiya H , Experimental Study On Active Vibration Isolation By Wib In Layered Ground Under Vertical Loading, The 4th International Symposium On Environment Vibrations - Prediction, Monitoring, Mitigation And Evaluation . Beijing, 2009, 245-253. |
| Hu R.L., Yue Q.Z.Q., Wang L.C., Qu Y.X. and Wang S.J., Application of plagioclase solution degree to evaluating the weathering degree of CDG of granites, Geological Review, 51(6): 649-655.. 2009, 51(6): 649-655. |
| Lau T.Y. and Yue Q.Z.Q., Refinements on drilling process monitor (DPM) for soil nailing in landslip prevention of Hong Kong, Proceedings of the 3rd Int. Geotechnical Engineering Symposium on Disaster Prevention and Reduction, IGS2009, July 22-24, 2009, Harbin, China. 2009, 223-230. |
| Xiao H.T. and Yue Q.Z.Q., A generalized Kelvin solution based BEM for contact problems of elastic indenter on functionally graded materials, Cmes-computer Modeling In Engineering & Sciences. USA, 2009, 52(2): 159-179. |
| Xu H.F., Yue Q.Z.Q. and Qian Q.H., Predicting uplift resistance of deep piles with enlarged bases, Proceedings Of The Institution Of Civil Engineers-geotechnical Engineering. UK, 2009, 162(4): 225-238. |
| Yang Z.F., Yue Q.Z.Q. and Li L.H., Sciences and Technologies of Large Ancient Rock Cavern Groups in Longyou, 龙游石窟大型古地下工程洞室群科学技术研究, Beijing, China, Science Press, 2010, 324. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., Fan S.P., Yang Z.F., Li L.H., Zhang L.Q. and Zhang Z.J., A hypothesis for crack free interior surfaces of Longyou caverns caved in argillaceous siltstone 2000 years ago, Frontiers of Architecture and Civil Engineering in China. Berlin, 2010, 4(2): 165-177. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., A new hypothesis of deep fault and natural gas for earthquake prediction, First IAA Workshop on Coordination and Cooperation for Global Environmental Impact. Beijing, 2010. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., A new hypothesis of deep fault and natural gas for earthquake prediction, First IAA Workshop on Coordination and Cooperation for Global Environmental Impact, May 29-30, 2010, Beijing, China. 2010. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., A new hypothesis of deep fault and natural gas for earthquake prediction, Proceedings of First IAA Workshop on Coordination and Cooperation for Global Environmental Impact. Beijing, 2010, 20. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., Automatic monitoring of down-the-hole hammer drilling for emergent searching of buried underground space, TIEMS 17th Annual Conference of The International Emergency Management Society, Beijing, China, June 9, 2010.. Beijing, 2010. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., Automatic monitoring of drilling process for mechanical profiles of grounds composing both soils and rocks, Proceedings of the 4th Japan-China Geotechnical Symposium. Japan, 2010, 230-235. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., Automatic monitoring of drilling process for mechanical profiles of grounds composing both soils and rocks, The 4th Japan-China Geotechnical Symposium, Okinawa, Japan, April 14, 2010. Japan, 2010. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., Best Peer Reviewer for 2008-2009, The Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering . Wuhan, PR China, 2009. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., Comparisons between the 512 Wenchuan Earthquake and the 921 Chichi Earthquake and Abnormally high natural gas energy sources, Proceedings of Abstracts of the 10th Symposium of Cross-strait Environmental Resources and Ecological Conservation Association (CERECA), Wuhan, China, July 18, 2009. 43. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., On Nature of Earthquake with One Hypothesis, 大连理工大学 建设工程学部，大连，2009年11月6日上午, 2009. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., Self-healing of Cracks in Surrounding Rocks of Longyou Caverns Caved 2000 Years Ago, International Symposium: Geological Engineering Problems in Major Construction Projects and the 7th Asian Regional Conference of the International Association for Engineering Geology and the Environment (IAEG), Chengdu, China, September 9 -11, 2009.. 2009. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., Yang Z.F. and Zhang L.Q., Self-healing of Cracks in Surrounding Rocks of Longyou Caverns Caved 2000 Years Ago, Proceedings of International Symposium: Geological Engineering Problems in Major Construction Projects and the 7th Asian Regional Conference of the International Association for Engineering Geology and the Environment (IAEG). Chengdu, China, 2009, 2. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., 香港的滑坡灾害防治与应急管理, TIEMS 17th Annual Conference of The International Emergency Management Society, Beijing, China, June 10, 2010.. Beijing, 2010. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., Thoughts on Some Important Issues on Earthquakes, 资源与能源开发工程地质论坛， 银川，宁夏，2009年8月9日(特邀报告), Yinchuan, 2009. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., the 4th Symposium of Earthquakes among Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, Jan. 7-8, 2010. Paper No. GHM4-16, Paper No. GHM4-16 at http://cid-f11f36e9ee4e8188.skydrive.live.com/browse.aspx/.Public/GHM4/. Hong Kong, 2010, 16: 1-6. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., 岩土力学强度细观空间分布的快速现场测量DPM法, 第四届全球华人岩土工程学术论坛， 长江水利委员会长江科学院, 湖北, 武汉, 2009年8月20日(特邀报告), Wuhan, 2009. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., 论地震能源和其释放过程, 安徽省地震学会，安徽省地震局，合肥，2009年10月22日下午, 2009. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., 地下天然气爆气 — “惊世骇俗”的地震成因解释, 湘潭大学研究生学术文化节名师论坛，湘潭，2010年6月8日, 2010. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., 汶川大地震震前、震时和震后的天然气体现象, 中国地震局地球物理研究所，北京, 2010年6月3日, 2010. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., 以汶川等地震为实例论深部断层带高压天然气体能源的地震成因, 北京理工大学物理学系, 北京, 2010年6月2日, 2010. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., 岩土工程原位测试的新技术、新方法、新发现和新机遇, 北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院，北京, 2010年6月1日, 2010. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., 论汶川地震能源和其释放过程, 中科院武汉岩土力学研究所，武汉，2010年4月9日下午, 2010. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., 深部环境中岩体力学与工程安全的困难点、新技术、新机遇, 中科院武汉岩土力学研究所，武汉，2010年4月9日下午, 2010. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., 论汶川地震能源和其释放过程, 中国矿业大学力学和建筑工程学院，北京，2010年4月6日上午, 2010. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., 论汶川地震能源和其释放过程, 清华大学 土木水利学院，北京，2009年12月11日上午, 2009. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., 论汶川地震能源和其释放过程, 北京大学 地球与空间科学学院，北京，2009年12月8日下午, 2009. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., 汶川地震能源释放过程的流体和固体力学解释, 北京大学工学院 湍流与复杂系统国家重点实验室，北京，2009年12月8日上午, 2009. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., 论地震能源和释放过程的两个假说, 中国科技大学地球物理系，合肥，2009年10月27日下午, 2009. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., 论汶川地震能源和其释放过程, 安徽理工大学，淮南，2009年10月24日上午, 2009. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., 论地震能源与力源-以汶川地震为例, 甘肃省地震局，中国地震局兰州地震研究所，兰州，2009年10月10日, 2009. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., 原始创新研究、SCI论文撰写和科技英文演讲的经验和方法, 中科院遥感应用研究所，北京，2010年6月5日上午, 2010. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., 四川汶川地震与台湾集集地震的山地岩体环境突变对比和异常高压天然气体力源, 第十届海峡两岸三地环境资源与生态保育学术研讨会,湖北, 武汉, 2009年7月18日(大会报告), Wuhan, 2009. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., 四川汶川地震与台湾集集地震的地震地质灾难对比和成因, 第七届全国地面岩石工程学术会议，第二届全国岩石力学与工程实例学术会议，第三届岩土力学与工程前沿论坛, 2009. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., 原始创新研究、SCI论文撰写和科技英文演讲的经验和方法, 北京大学工学院，北京，2010年6月4日下午, 2010. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., 以香港绿色城市发展为实例的滑坡灾害防治经验和体会, 城市建设与地质灾害防治学术论坛, 2009. |
| Yue Q.Z.Q., 地壳动力力源与环境和深部岩体工程重大灾害防治, 中国科学院创新团队国际合作伙伴计划项目“深部岩体力学与工程安全研究”团队组建论证及启动会议, 湖北, 武汉, 2009年7月19日, 2009. |
| Zeng Q.L., Yue Q.Z.Q., Yang Z.F. and Zhang X.J., A case study of long-term field performance of check-dams in mitigation of soil erosion in Jiangjia stream, China, ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY Volume: 58 Issue: 4 Pages: 897-911 Published: AUG 2009 . 2009, 58(4): 897-911. |
| Researcher : Zhai G |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Zhai G., Xiao F. and Li X.Y., Transport and removal of nanoparticles during granular medium filtration, 6th International Conference on Interfaces Against Pollution, Beijing, China.. Beijing, China, 2010. |
| Researcher : Zhang H |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Smith S.T., Kim S.J. and Zhang H., Behavior and effectiveness of FRP wrap in the confinement of large concrete cylinders, Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE. 2010, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000119. |
| Researcher : Zhang J |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Zhang J. and Au F.T.K., Establishment of baseline models for long-span cable-stayed bridges, Proceedings of Second International Postgraduate Conference on Infrastructure and Environment, 1-2 June 2010, Hong Kong, China. Hong Kong, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 2010, 2: 263-270. |
| Researcher : Zhang M |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Zhang M., Zhang T., Shao M. and Fang H.H.P., Autotrophic denitrification in nitrate-induced marine sediment remediation and Sulfurimonas denitrificans-like bacteria , Chemosphere. 2009, 76(5): 677-682. |
| Researcher : Zhang S |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Zhang S., Li X.Y. and Chen P.J., An XPS study for mechanisms of arsenate adsorption onto a magnetite-doped activated carbon fiber, Hournal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2010, 343: 232-238. |
| Zhang S., Li X.Y. and Chen P.J., Preparation and evaluation of a magnetite doped activated carbon fiber for enhanced arsenic removal, Carbon. 2010, 48: 60-67. |
| Researcher : Zhang T |
| Project Title: | Microbial diversity and characteristics of activated sludge treating Hong Kong's saline sewage |
| Investigator(s): | Zhang T, Fang HHP |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 09/2006 |
| Completion Date: | 02/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| (1) To investigate the microbial community in the activated sludge treating Hong Kong’s saline sewage. Hong Kong is leading the world in treating saline sewage, which results from the fresh water conservation by large scale seawater toilet flushing. Several secondary municipal sewage treatment plants in Hong Kong successfully treat a total of about 200,000 m3 saline sewage (containing 6000 mg-Cl-/l as the average) daily to produce effluents in compliance with the discharge standards. It is thus of great scientific and engineering importance to understand the diversity and characteristics of the halophilic (salt tolerant) microorganisms in such activated sludge, and yet very little related information is available. Results of this study shall provide valuable information that will be needed to further improve the effluent quality of Hong Kong’s sewage treatment facilities. Such information will also benefit other cities that are planning to follow Hong Kong’s practice of using seawater for municipal purpose. (2) To isolate and characterize the dominant halophilic bacterial species in activated sludge treating Hong Kong’s saline sewage. The dominant halophilic microorganisms treating saline sewage differ from those treating fresh water sewage. To isolate and characterize these halophilic bacteria will not only produce scientific information which may lead to improving the performance of Hong Kong’s treatment facilities, but also provide useful knowledge for other cities worldwide which are planning to follow Hong Kong’s practice. (3) To design DNA probes/primers specific for the identified halophilic bacteria. DNA probes and primers used in hybridization and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) have been increasingly applied to wastewater treatment and study. New DNA probes/primers are needed for the halophilic bacteria treating saline sewage, since probes/primers presently available for bacteria treating freshwater sewage are unlikely applicable. The DNA probes developed in this project will be valuable tools for the study and control of saline sewage treatment. (4) To evaluate the effect of increased sewage salinity on the removal of BOD and nitrogen, as well as on the microbial community of the activated sludge. According to the data of Sha Tin Sewage Treatment Works in last two years, the chloride concentration in saline sewage could increase to above 8000 mg-Cl-/l for a short time, resulting in instability of treatment efficiency. To study the sewage treatment performance and the corresponding microbial community shift due to salinity increase will not only be benefit to the engineering practice in the future, but also provide useful scientific knowledge about halophilic activated sludge. |
| Project Title: | Denitrification through short-cut nitrification by ammonia-oxidizing Archaea |
| Investigator(s): | Zhang T |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 04/2008 |
| Completion Date: | 07/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| This study is proposed to investigate partial nitrification from ammonia to nitrite by enriched ammonia-oxidizing Archaea (AOA) in sewage. Nitrification is a two-step process which includes oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and further oxidation of nitrite to nitrate. It is widely used together with denitrification, which reduces nitrate/nitrite to nitrogen gas, in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to achieve nitrogen removal target for environmental protection. To save energy and organic substrate, partial nitrification to nitrite instead of nitrate, also called as short-cut denitrification, has been extensively studied and developed into a few innovative nitrogen removal processes, including SHARON (Single reactor system for High activity Ammonium Removal Over Nitrite), CANON (Complete Autotrophic Nitrogen removal Over Nitrite) and OLAND (Oxygen Limited Autotrophic Nitrification and Denitrification). Previously, ammonia-oxidizing Bacteria (AOB) have been thought to be mainly responsible for the oxidation of ammonia in WWTPs and natural environments until it was found 2-3 years ago that AOA are another major player and may contribute even more to oxidation of ammonia to nitrite than AOB. AOA are diverse and abundant in various natural environments, such as sediment, soil, estuary and seawater. They also play an important role in biological nitrogen removal reactors of WWTPs. High diversity, fast nitrification rate, and low dissolved oxygen (DO) requirement make AOA an important player in partial nitrification process. So far, most studies on AOA have been focused on their distribution and quantity in various natural environments. Only a few pioneer works on the presence of AOA in WWTPs have been done. Furthermore, no efforts have been made to achieve partial nitrification by enriching this important ammonia oxidizer. This study is proposed 1) to characterize and quantify AOA in various local wastewater denitrification treatment plants using DNA based molecular techniques; 2) to enrich AOA using membrane reactors; 3) to conduct partial nitrification using enriched AOA under optimized conditions, and to demonstrate denitrification over short-cut process; 4) to design DNA probes/primers specific for AOA. |
| Project Title: | Partial nitrification from ammonia to nitrite by enriched ammonia-oxidizing Archaea in sewage |
| Investigator(s): | Zhang T, Fang HHP |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 12/2008 |
| Abstract: |
| 1. To characterize and quantify the two major ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotic microorganism groups, i.e. AOA and AOB, in various wastewater treatment plants with nitrification/denitrification processes, using DNA based molecular techniques. The populations of AOA and AOB will then be compared for their diversities and quantities. 2. To enrich AOA from various sources using membrane reactors. Previous studies implied that low DO, long sludge retention time (SRT), low COD/N ratio and high salinity may favor AOA. Membrane reactors will be used to enrich AOA from various sources by trying different combinations of operational parameters, such as DO, SRT, salinity and COD/N ratio. 3. To design DNA probes/primers specific for the AOA identified in this study. DNA probes for hybridization and primers for PCR (polymerase chain reaction) have been increasingly applied to studies of biological wastewater treatment. Although a few well-designed AOA primers are already available, new DNA probes/primers are needed for the newly found AOA in wastewater treatment plants. The DNA probes/primers developed in this project will be valuable tools to monitor AOA population in nitrification processes. 4. To evaluate the effect of DO, SRT, salinity, COD/N ratio on AOA population in the partial nitrification of sewage. Although preliminary results of other researchers implied that DO, SRT, salinity and COD/N ratio might affect AOA, the effects of these factors on AOA have never been systematically studied so far. In this project, their effects on AOA will be investigated using the single factor method. 5. To conduct partial nitrification using enriched AOA under optimized conditions, and to demonstrate denitrification over nitrite. An aerobic partial nitrification reactor will be run for 6 months under the optimized conditions for AOA populations. Denitrification over nitrite will be demonstrated using an anoxic reactor following the aerobic reactor. |
| Project Title: | Occurence and concentrations of Antibiotics in Sewage Treatment Plant |
| Investigator(s): | Zhang T |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 04/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| As a group of emerging pollutants in various water environments, residual antibiotics from both human and veterinary application have recently drawn great attention all over the world. Antibiotics and their biodegradation/biotransformation products, even at low concentration levels (ng/L or μg/L), may have serious impact on the ecosystem and result in emergence of antibiotics resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotics resistant genes (ARG) in the long term (Smaglik, 2000; Martínez, 2008). The elimination of antibiotics in sewage treatment plants (STP) is of particular concern because sewage is one of the main disposal and exposure routes (Göbel et al., 2007; Kim et al., 2008). Many studies (more than 20 papers) showed that occurrence/concentration of antibiotics in STP influents/effluents were site specific, significantly depending on countries and/or areas. The elimination of an antibiotic depends highly on the operating conditions and designs of STPs, and may be affected by many factors. Thus, it is hard to draw solid conclusions about antibiotics removal efficiencies based on a few samplings, even using composite samples. A few pioneer works with well-controlled laboratory reactors have been conducted to study two major elimination pathways in the activated sludge process, i.e. biodegradation/biotransformation and adsorption, of some antibiotics at environmental relevant concentrations. In Hong Kong, our own preliminary analytical results showed high concentrations of 12 antibiotics of 6 types in influents of two local STPs. For many of these 12 antibiotics, i.e. 3 of β-lactams (ampicillin, cefalexin and cefotaxin), 1 of sulfonamides (sulfadimidine), 2 of fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin and ofloxacin), limited information is available about their biodegradation/biotransformation and adsorption in activated sludge and anaerobic digestion processes. To understand the elimination of these antibiotics in STP, in this project, comprehensive research will be conducted following a well planned sampling program. A one-year experimental program is proposed for this project in order to achieve the following objectives : 1) To develop a rapid , sensitive and relaibale method for multiple antibiotics detection in wastewater samples. UPLC-MS/MS has been applied to analyze contaminants in various trace pollutants, including pesticides in groundwater, herbicides in surface water (32), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), as well as illegal drugs in wastewater and surface water. Up to now, the methods to analyze multiple classes of antibiotics in wastewater using UPLC-MS/MS are very still limited 2) To determine the concentration and removal efficiency of common antibiotics in two STPs of Hong Kong: The removal efficiency of an antibiotic depends highly on the operating conditions and designs of STPs and may be affected by many factors. Thus, it is hard to draw solid conclusions about antibiotics removal efficiencies based on a few samplings, even using composite samples. In this study, comprehensive research on removal efficiencies of antibiotics in STPs will be carried out by following a well planned sampling program for influent/effluent of STPs. |
| Project Title: | PAH degradation in sediment under denitrification condition |
| Investigator(s): | Zhang T |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Dr. Stephen S.F. Hui Trust Fund |
| Start Date: | 11/2009 |
| Abstract: |
| 1. To determine the optimal denitrification condition for the most effective removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated sediments. Denitrification efficiency is affected by operational parameters, including pH, C/N ratio, nutrient, co-substrate and surfactant. Optimal conditions of these parameters will be determined for the most effective removal of PAHs in sediment. 2. To investigate the degrees of reduction of sediment toxicity by denitrification. The reduction of sediment toxicity under the identified optimal denitrification condition will be evaluated using selected bacteria, microalgae, invertebrates, and fish in series of designed experiments. 3. To identify and characterize the denitrifying bacteria responsible for the decontamination of sediment and their interaction with other bacteria in the sediment. The key denitrifying bacteria responsible for the removal of PAHs will be identified using the DNA-based techniques. Sediment is the ultimate sink of all pollutants from industrial discharge and surface runoff (DiToro, 2001). Due to the rapid urbanization and industrialization in the past decades, sediment in the Pearl River Delta (PRD, including Hong Kong) is contaminated by PAHs (Zhang, et al., 2002; Liu, et al., 2005). According to the limited available data, some sediment in the PRD contained up to 7000 μg of PAHs for each kg of dried sediment (Fang, 2005). Remediation of contaminated sediment has received increasing concern and interest (Murphy et al., 1999; Reible, 2004). Sediment remediation may be carried out either ex situ or in situ. Between these two options, the former is more common but substantially more costly. Physicochemical techniques, such air flotation, cementation, incineration, wet oxidation, and solvent extraction are often used in the ex situ remediation. Biological remediation, which is generally less costly, may be on the other hand applied in situ (Nyer et al., 2001). Most studies on the biodegradation of PAHs were conducted for water/wastewater treatment under aerobic condition. However, aeration of sediment is impractical due to the resulting dispersion of the contaminated sediment to the overlaying water. Thus, denitrification which uses nitrate as the electron acceptor, instead of oxygen, is the preferred means for the in situ sediment remediation (Hutchins, et al, 1998; Ambrosoli et al, 2005). So far in the Pearl River Delta, the threatening environmental effects caused by the contaminated sediment have generally been ignored. In Hong Kong, contaminated sediment is traditionally dredged and disposed of at a remote site (Barlow et al., 2000). Denitrification has only recently been introduced in Hong Kong as a means to in situ control the odor emitted by the sediment of Shing Mun River (Chan et al., 2004) with encouraging results. Denitrification is capable of degrading toxic organic pollutants such as PAHs (Bauer and Capone, 1988; Kilbane, 1998; Lei, et al., 2005) in sediment. However, most of the studies were conducted for a specific sediment sample under a given condition. Results of such studies may merely be used as a reference, but are unlikely to be applicable to sediment of different sites. Effects of key denitrification parameters, such as pH, co-substrate, C/N ratio, nutrient and surfactant, on the degradation of PAHs have never been systematically studied. Similarly, reduction of sediment toxicity resulting from the denitrification treatment has also never been reported. References: Ambrosoli R, Petruzzelli L, Minati JL, and Marsan FA. (2005). Anaerobic PAH degradation in soil by a mixed bacterial consortium under denitrifying conditions. Chemosphere, 60 (9), 1231-1236. Bauer JE, and Capone DG. (1988). Effects of co-occurring aromatic hydrocarbons on degradation of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediment slurries, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54(5), 1649–1655. Barlow K, Kennish R, Clarke SC, and Nicholson S. (2000). Monitoring contaminated mud disposal in Hong Kong: key issues and concerns, Proceedings of the ISWA International Symposium & Exhibition on Waste Management in Asian Cities, Hong Kong, 182-188, 23-26 October, 2000. Chan LKH, Tsui TS. and Fang ZR. (2004). Long-term performance of sediment remediation in Shing Mun River, Hong Kong, Proceedings on International Conference on Coastal Infrastructure Development, Hong Kong, 22-24 November 2004. Fang HHP (2005). Independent Assessment on Contaminated Sediments and Water Quality of Kai Tak Approach Channel. Report to Civil Engineering and Development Department, HKSAR Government, No. KDO01/2004. DiToro DM. Sediment Flux Modeling, Wiley Interscience, New York, 2001. Hutchins SR, Miller DE. and Thomas A. (1998). Combined laboratory/field study on the use of nitrate for in situ bioremediation of a fuel-contaminated aquifer, Environmental Science Technology, 32 (12), 1832-1840. Kilbane JJ. (1998)., Extractability and subsequent biodegradation of PAHs from contaminated soil, Water Air Soil Pollut. 104, 285–304. Lei L, Khodadoust AP, Suidan MT, and Tabak HH. (2005). Biodegradation of sediment-bound PAHs in fieldcontaminated sediment. Water Research, 39(2-3), 349-361. Liu GQ, Zhang G, Li XD, Li J, Peng XZ, and Qi SH. (2005). Sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a sediment core from the Pearl River Estuary, South China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 51, 912-921. Murphy TP, Lawson A, Kumagar M. and Babin J. (1999). Review of emerging issues in sediment treatment, Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management, 2(4), 419-434. Nyer EK, Palmer PL, Carman EP, Boettcher G, Bedessem JM. Lenzo F, Crossman TL, Rorech GJ. and Kidd DF. In situ Treatment Technology, 2nd ed. Lewis Publishers, 2001. Reible DD. (2004). The role of modeling in managing contaminated sediments. In: Contaminated Ground Water and Sediment, ed. by Chien, C. C., Medina, M. A., Pinder, G. F., Reible, D. D., Sleep, B. E. and Zheng, C.), pp. 61-104, Lewis Publications, 2004. Zhang G, Parker A, House A, Mai BX, Li XD, Kang YH, and Wang ZS. (2002). The sedimentary records of HCH and DDT in the Pearl River estuary, South China. Environmental Science and Technology, 36, 3671-3677. |
| Project Title: | Biodegradation/Biotransformation and Adsorption of Antibiotics in Sewage and Sludge Treatment Processes |
| Investigator(s): | Zhang T |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | General Research Fund (GRF) |
| Start Date: | 01/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| 1) To determine the concentration and removal efficiency of common antibiotics in two STPs of Hong Kong: The removal efficiency of an antibiotic depends highly on the operating conditions and designs of STPs and may be affected by many factors. Thus, it is hard to draw solid conclusions about antibiotics removal efficiencies based on a few samplings, even using composite samples. In this study, comprehensive research on removal efficiencies of antibiotics in STPs will be carried out by following a well planned sampling program for influent/effluent of STPs; 2) To conduct laboratory experiments on adsorption and biodegradation/biotransformation of the antibiotics by activated sludge, the most commonly used biological sewage treatment process: Using laboratory scale activated sludge reactors, the removal mechanisms, i.e. biodegradation/biotransformation and adsorption, will be investigated in batch and continuous experiments; 3) To investigate the anaerobic biodegradation/biotransformation of the antibiotics which tend to accumulate in sludge: Antibiotics adsorbed by sludge will eventually enter the anaerobic digester of STPs. However, little is known about their behavior and final fate in the anaerobic digester; 4) To isolate the antibiotic-degrading microorganisms and characterize the degradation genes using DNA-based molecular methods: Although antibiotics are designed to kill or inhibit microorganisms, some antibiotics may still be biodegraded by microorganisms. In this project, antibiotic-degraders will be isolated and characterized for their degradation genes using DNA-based methods. |
| Project Title: | Develop Rapid Quantification Kit for Assimilable Organic Carbon in Drinking Water |
| Investigator(s): | Zhang T |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Applied Research |
| Start Date: | 06/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| The growth potential of heterotrophic bacteria in the oligotrophic water distribution systems depends mainly on the availability of trace organic matters, the content of which is commonly expressed as assimilable organic carbon (AOC). Bacteria may grow in water with AOC as low as 2-5 microgramg/l (Van der Kooij, 1982). Instead of measuring the carbon content directly, AOC is measured indirectly from the growth of model bacterial species, as proposed by Van der Kooij (1982) and subsequently modified by others (Kemmy et al., 1989; LeChevallier et al., 1993). According to the Standard Methods (APHA, 1996), AOC of a water sample is calculated from the concentration increases of two model bacteria, i.e. Pseudomonas fluorescens strain P-17 and Spirillum strain NOX, using established calibration curves after 7-9 days of incubation followed by 5 additional days of plate culture. The culturing process is, however, not only time-consuming but also laborious (Kemmy et al, 1989; LeChevallier et al, 1993; Haddix et al, 2004). Numerous attempts have been made in the past two decades to simplify such an AOC measurement protocol. Instead of using the plate culture method, cell yields of P-17 and NOX may be quantified from the increases of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) concentration (LeChevallier et al, 1993) or the bioluminescent intensity (CheckLight Ltd.,Qiryat-Tiv’on., Israel., 2006). Although these modified methods are more time-saving, they are not applicable, due their limited sensitivity, for drinking water which may have AOC below 30 microgram per litre. In addition, these modified methods cannot distinguish P-17 and NOX cells, and thus may to cause erroneous AOC measurements (Van der Kooij et al, 1982, 1984; Kaplan et al, 1993; LeChevallier et al, 1993; Frias et al, 1994; Haddix et al, 2004). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a rapidly emerging method for the enumeration of microbes (Grüntzig et al., 2001). Using this method, a selected DNA fragment is extracted and then multiplied by polymerase. Concentration of the PCR product is monitored throughout the amplification cycles using fluorescent reagents targeting either the double-stranded DNA or the specific DNA fragment. The fluorescent intensity, which reflects the amplicon concentration in real time, increases with the number of PCR cycle. The threshold cycle, Ct, at which the amplified target DNA concentration reaches the threshold detection level, is inversely proportional to the log value of the initial concentration of the target DNA. Based on a pre-calibrated standard curve, the initial concentration of the target DNA can be estimated from the Ct measurement. This method has so far been applied mostly to the quantification of pure cultures, such as toxigenic Escherichia coli (Oberst et al., 1998) and phytopathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum (Weller et al., 2000). However, its application for the quantification of uncultured bacteria, as many of those present in environmental samples, has still been very limited (Zhang and Fang, 2006). The objectives of this project are 1) to develop rapid qRT-PCR to enumerate P-17 and NOX cells in the AOC measurement of water samples; 2) to compare the results using qRT-PCR and convnetional method based on HPC; 3) to optimize the conditions of the proposed AOC methods based on qRT-PCR. |
| Project Title: | Concentrations and Fate of Personal Care Products in Activated Sludge Process |
| Investigator(s): | Zhang T |
| Department: | Civil Engineering |
| Source(s) of Funding: | Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research |
| Start Date: | 06/2010 |
| Abstract: |
| As a large group of emerging pollutants in various water environments, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), which are widely used to protect and improve human health, have recently drawn great attention all over the world (Nakada et al., 2008). Within PPCP, personal care products (PCPs) have not been studied as frequently as pharmaceuticals. However, there is growing concern that PCP pass through sewage treatment plants and enter the environment (Miège et al., 2009), and may either have serious long-term ecological effect even at very low concentration levels (ng/L or μg/L) (Waller and Kookana, 2009) or short-term effect at relative high level (mg/L). For triclosan (5-chloro-2(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-phenol), an antimicrobial commonly used in soap, the 24-hr median lethal concentration (LC50) for freshwater crustacean (Thamnocephalus platyurus) and 96-hr LC50 for a fish species (Oryzias latipes) were 0.47 and 0.60 mg/L, respectively (Kim et al., 2009), indicating its high toxicity. PCPs include 1) antimicrobial compounds (triclosan, triclocarban, etc.) used in soap, toothpaste, and other consumer products, 2) UV filters used in a variety of cosmetics, specifically in those designed for sun protection such as sunscreen creams, lotions and sprays, 3) preservatives (hydroxybenzoates, also known as parabens, including methyl paraben, propyl paraben, etc) which have antibacterial and antifungal properties and are used in personal care products at concentrations up to 0.25% (Sweetman, 2002), and 4) musk fragrances (tonalide, galaxolide, etc.) (Zeng et al., 2005). In recent years, the levels and consequences of PCPs in different environmental waters have been the subject of several studies. However, information regarding their presence and removal in sewage is still very limited (Loganathan et al., 2009; USEPA, 2007). The elimination of PCP in sewage treatment plants (STP) is of particular concern because sewage is one of the main disposal and exposure routes (Miège et al., 2009). Many studies showed that occurrence/concentration of PCP in STP influents/effluents were site specific, significantly depending on countries and/or areas. The elimination of a PCP depends highly on the operations and designs of STPs, and may be affected by many factors. Thus, it is hard to draw solid conclusions about PCP removal efficiencies based on a few samplings, even using composite samples. PCP adsorbed by sludge will eventually enter the anaerobic digester of STPs. However, little is known about their behavior and final fate in the anaerobic digester. To understand the elimination of these PCPs in STPs, comprehensive research will be conducted following a well planned sampling program, and using laboratory scale reactors in this project. Investigation results of the removal mechanisms (i.e. biodegradation/biotransformation and adsorption), and degrading microorganisms will help us to improve PCPs removal in STPs. An experimental program is proposed for this project in order to achieve the following objectives : 1) To determine the concentrations and removal efficiencies of common PCPs in two STPs of Hong Kong: The removal efficiency of a PCP depends highly on the operations and designs of STPs and may be affected by many factors. Thus, it is hard to draw solid conclusions about PCP removal efficiencies based on a few samplings, even using composite samples. In this study, comprehensive research on removal efficiencies of PCP in STPs will be carried out by following a well planned sampling program for influent/effluent of STPs. 2) To conduct laboratory experiments on adsorption and biodegradation/biotransformation of the PCP by activated sludge, the most commonly used biological sewage treatment process: Using laboratory scale activated sludge reactors, the removal mechanisms, i.e. biodegradation/biotransformation and adsorption, will be investigated in batch and continuous experiments. |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Jin T., Zhang T. and Yan Q., Characterization and quantification of ammonia-oxidizing Archaea (AOA) and Bacteria (AOB) in a nitrogen-removing reactor using T-RFLP and qPCR, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2010, 87: 1167-1176. |
| Li A., Zhang T. and Li X.Y., Fate of the aerobic bacterial granules with fungal contamination under different organic loading conditions, Chemosphere. 2010, 78: 500-509. |
| Li A., Zhang T. and Li X.Y., Modeling and verification of selective sludge discharge as the determining factor for aerobic granulation, 3rd IWA Asia-Pacific Regional (ASPIRE) Conference, Taipei, Taiwan. Taipei, Taiwan., 2009. |
| Li B. and Zhang T., Biodegradation and adsorption of antibiotics in the activated sludge process, Environmental Science and Technology. 2010, 44: 3468–3473. |
| Li B. and Zhang T., Biodegradation and adsorption of antibiotics in the activated sludge process, Proceedings of 13th Cross-Strait Environmental Technology Conference. April 24-25, 2010, Chong Qing, China. . 2010. |
| Li B., Zhang T., Xu Z. and Fang H.H.P., Rapid analysis of 21 antibiotics of multiple classes in municipal wastewater using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry , Analytica Chimica Acta. 2009, 645(1-2): 64-72. |
| Lu X., Zhang T. and Fang H.H.P., Effect of two non-ionic surfactants on anoxic biodegradation of PAHs in marine sediment., 6th International Conference on Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology. May 31 to June 3, 2010, Hong Kong. . 2010. |
| Shao M., Zhang T. and Fang H.H.P., Chemolithotrophic denitrification in nitrate-induced anoxic marine sediment remediation and isolation of AST-10 a novel Thiomicrospira denitrificans-like bacterial strain, FEMS 2009. June 28 - July 2, 2009, Gothenburg, Sweden. . 2009. |
| Shao M., Zhang T. and Fang H.H.P., Autotrophic denitrification and its effect on metal speciation during marine sediment remediation., Water Research. 2009, 43(12): 2961-2968. |
| Su M...N., Chan H...M., Chan I...H., Chen W., Chow C...H., Fong Y...M., Fung W...C. and Zhang T., Estimation of greenhouse gas emission and carbon footprint of sewage treatment plants, Young Water Talents symposium. June 28, 2010, Singapore. . 2010. |
| Zhang M., Zhang T., Shao M. and Fang H.H.P., Autotrophic denitrification in nitrate-induced marine sediment remediation and Sulfurimonas denitrificans-like bacteria , Chemosphere. 2009, 76(5): 677-682. |
| Zhang T., Jin T., Ye L. and Qian P...Y., AOA and AOB in sewage treatment plants, laboratory reactors and estuary sediments, Proceedings of 13th Cross-Strait Environmental Technology Conference. April 24-25, 2010, Chong Qing, China. . 2010. |
| Zhang T., Antibiotics and antibiotics resistance genes in sewage treatment plants, International Conference on the Environment. Wu Han, 2009. |
| Zhang T., Antibiotics and antibiotics resistance genes in sewage treatment plants, Wuhan International Conference on the Environment. October 15-17, 2009, Wu Han, China. . 2009. |
| Zhang T., Antibiotics and antibiotics resistance genes in wastewater and environment, Symposium of UK‐China Science Bridge on Water Quality Science & Technology. Guangzhou, China, 2009. |
| Zhang T., Application of molecular methods for anaerobic technology, 6th International Symposium of Environmental Anaerobic Technology. November 12-13, 2009, Hong Kong. . 2009. |
| Zhang T., Application of molecular techniques in anaerobic technology, 6th International Symposium on Environmental Anaerobic Technology. Hong Kong, 2009. |
| Zhang X., Wu B., Zhang Y., Zhang T., Yang L.Y., Fang H.H.P., Ford T. and Cheng S.P., Class 1 integronase gene and tetracycline resistance genes tetA and tetC in different water environments of Jiangsu Province, China, Ecotoxicology. 2009, 18(6): 652-660. |
| Researcher : Zhang X |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Zhang X., Wu B., Zhang Y., Zhang T., Yang L.Y., Fang H.H.P., Ford T. and Cheng S.P., Class 1 integronase gene and tetracycline resistance genes tetA and tetC in different water environments of Jiangsu Province, China, Ecotoxicology. 2009, 18(6): 652-660. |
| Researcher : Zhong R |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Li X.Y., Xiao F., Zhong R. and Zhang X.H., PIV characterisation of flocculation dynamics and floc structure in water treatment (keynote), 6th International Conference on Interfaces Against Pollution, Beijing, China. Beijing, China., 2010. |
| Researcher : Zhou D |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Zhou D., Cheung Y.K., Lo S.H. and Au F.T.K., Three-dimensional vibration analysis of prisms with isosceles triangular cross-section, Archive of Applied Mechanics. New York, Springer, 2010, 80(6): 699-710. |
| Researcher : Zhou F |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Young B. and Zhou F., Design of Aluminum Alloy Tubular Sections Subjected to Web Crippling, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Advances in Steel Structures. 2009, 269-276. |
| Zhou F. and Young B., Concrete-filled Aluminum Circular Hollow Section Column Tests, Thin-walled Structures, ELSEVIER. 2009, 47: 1272-1280. |
| Zhou F. and Young B., Experimental Investigation of Concrete-Filled Aluminum Stub Columns, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Steel Concrete Composite and Hybrid Structures. UK, 2009, 245-252. |
| Zhou F., Young B. and Zhao X...L..., Tests and Design of Aluminum Tubular Sections Subjected to Concentrated Bearing Load, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE. 2009, 135: 806-817. |
| Zhou F. and Young B., Web Crippling Tests of Aluminum Rectangular Hollow Sections, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings. 2009, 319-328. |
| Zhou F. and Young B., Web Crippling of Aluminium Tubes with Perforated Webs, Engineering Structures, ELSEVIER. 2010, 32: 1397-1410. |
| Researcher : Zhou Y |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Zhou Y., Cheuk J.C.Y. and Tham L.G., An embedded bond-slip model for finite element modelling of soil-nail interaction, Computers and Geotechnics. Elsevier, 2009, 36: 1090-1097. |
| Zhou Y., Cheuk J.C.Y. and Tham L.G., Deformation and crack development of a nailed loose fill slope subjected to water infiltration, Landslides. Springer, 2009, 6. |
| Zhou Y., Cheuk J.C.Y., Xu K. and Tham L.G., Effect of surface and sub-surface infiltration on the behaviour of loose fill slopes, the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Millpress Science Publishers, 2009. |
| Researcher : Zhu Y |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Su K.L., Siu W.H., Zhu Y., Cheng B. and Wang L., Strengthening of reinforced concrete structures by bolted steel plates, Proceedings of The IStructE Asia Pacific Forum on Sustainability & Excellence in Structural Engineering, 10-11 June 2010, Shanghai, China. Shanghai, 2010, 59-73. |
| Zhu Y. and Su K.L., Behavior of strengthened reinforced concrete coupling beams by bolted steel plates, Part 2: Evaluation of theoretical strength, Structural Engineering and Mechanics. Korea, Techno-Press, 2010, 34(5): 563-580. |
| Zhu Y., Su K.L. and Zhou Y., Effects on seismic strengthening of coupling beams with or without bolt connections in beam span, Industrial Construction. China, Ye jin bu jian zhu yan jiu zong yuan, 2009, 39(12): 42-44. |
| Zhu Y., Zhang S.Y.X. and Su K.L., Nonlinear analysis of FRP- reinforced concrete slabs with a shear-locking free layered composite plate element, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings, 29-30 October 2009, Hong Kong China. Singapore, Research Publishing, 2009, 203-211. |
| Zhu Y., Su K.L. and Zhang J.C., Seismic analysis of Guang Dong Science Centre with or without base-isolation: a case study, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tall Buildings, 29-30 October 2009, Hong Kong China. Singapore, Research Publishing, 2009, 417-423. |
| Researcher : Zou W |
| List of Research Outputs |
| Zou W. and Kumaraswamy M.M., Game theory based understanding of dynamic relationships between public and private sectors in PPPs, In: A. Dainty, 25th Annual Conference of Association of Researchers in Construction Management . UK, Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 2009, 197-205. |
| Zou W., Kumaraswamy M.M. and Chung K.H.J., The Role of Informal Relationships in Strengthening Partnerships between Public and Private Sectors, International Conference on Global Innovation in Construction. UK, Loughborough University, 2009, 144-153. |
| Zou W., Kumaraswamy M.M., Mahesh G. and Chan S.Y.S., Two sets of External Variables influencing the Partnership Arrangements, Dynamics and Performance levels in PPP projects, In: C.J. Anumba, N.M. Bouchlaghem, J.I. Messner and M.K. Parfitt, 6th International Conference on Innovation in Architecture, Engineering and Construction. UK, Dept. of Civil & Building Engg., Loughborough University, 2010, 725-734. |