Dept of Electrical & Electronic Engg

DEPT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGG

Researcher : Atkins PR

List of Research Outputs

Atkins P.R. and Chew W.C. , Fast Computation of the Dyadic Green's Function for Layered Media Via Interpolation, In: G Lazzi, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propaga tion Letters . 2010, 9: 493-496.

Atkins P.R. and Chew W.C. , Tabulation and Interpolation of the Dyadic Green's Function for Layered Media, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign . University of Illinois at Urbana-Champai, 2009, CCEML 3-09.

Xiong J.L., Tong M.S., Atkins P.R. and Chew W.C. , Efficient Evaluation Of Casimir Force In Arbitrary Three-dimensional Geometries By Integral Equation Method s , In: V.M. Agranovich A.R. Bishop C.R. Doering A.P. Fordy P.R. Holland F. Porcelli R.Q. Wu , Physics Letters A . 2010, 374: 2512-2520.

Researcher : Cai K

List of Research Outputs

Cai K. , Li X. , Du J. , Wu Y.C. and Gao F., CFO Estimation in OFDM Systems under Timing and Channel Length Uncertainties with Model Averaging, In: Chengshan Xiao , IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications . IEEE, 2010, 9: 970-974.

Wang S. , Wu E.X. , Cai K. , Lau H.F. , Cheung P.T. and Khong P.L. , Mild hypoxic-ischemic injury in the neonatal rat brain: longitudinal valuation of white matter using diffusion tensor MR imaging, American Journal of Neuroradiology . 2009, 30: 1907-1913.

Researcher : Cai K

List of Research Outputs

Cai K. , Li X. , Du J. , Wu Y.C. and Gao F., CFO Estimation in OFDM Systems under Timing and Channe l Length Uncertainties with Model Averaging, In: Chengshan Xiao , IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications . IEEE, 2010, 9: 970-974.

Researcher : Cao P

List of Research Outputs

Cao P. , Lau C. and Wu E.X. , Multi-dimension Random Phase Encoding for Chemical Shift Imaging, In: Daniel K. Sodickson, 2010 ISMRM Annual Meeting . 2010.

Researcher : Chan CC

List of Research Outputs

Zhang X. , Chau K.T. and Chan C.C. , Design and implementation of a thermoelectric-photovoltaic hybrid energy source for hybrid electric vehicles, World Electric Vehicle Journal . 2009, 3(1): 1-11.

Researcher : Chan CL

List of Research Outputs

Ji F. , Xu J. , Li C. , Lai P.T. and Chan C.L. , Impacts of Ti Content and Annealing Temperature on Electrical properties of Si MOS Capacitors with HfTiON Gate Dielectric, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference onEDSSC . Xian, China, 2009, 10.7.

Liu L. , Xu J. , Chan C.L. and Lai P.T. , Fabrication and Electrical Characterization of MONOS Memory with Novel High- κ Gate Stack, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on EDSSC . Xian, China, 2009, 23.2.

Xu H. , Xu J. , Li C. , Chan C.L. and Lai P.T. , Impacts of Ti on Electrical Properties of Ge Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Capacitors with Ultrathin High-k LaTiON Gate Dielectric, Applied Physics A . 2010, 99: 903-906.

Xu H. , Xu J. , Li C. , Lai P.T. and Chan C.L. , Optimization of N Content for Higk-k LaTiON Gate Dielectric of Ge MOS Capacitor, Proceedings of IEEE Interational Conference on EDSSC . Xian, China, 2009, 10.8.

Xu J. , Zhang X. , Li C. , Chan C.L. and Lai P.T. , Comparative Study of HfTa-Based Gate-Dielectric Ge Metal- Oxide-Semiconductor Capacitors with and without AlON Interlayer, Applied Physics A . 2010, 99: 177-180.

Researcher : Chan CW

List of Research Outputs

Lau C. , Xing K. , Chan C.W. and Wu E.X. , BOLD Temporal Dynamics of Superior Colliculus and Lateral Geniculate Nucleus during Monocular Visual Stimulation, In: Daniel K. Sodickson, 2010 ISMRM Annual Meeting . 2010.

Wu E.X. and Chan C.W. , 1H MRS of cortical and subcortical structures in mild and severe neonatal hypoxia-ischemic cerebral injuries, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4532.

Wu E.X. , Lau C., Xing K. and Chan C.W. , BOLD temporal dynamics of superior colliculus and lateral geniculate nucleus during monocular visual stimulation, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 3541.

Wu E.X. , Chan C.W. and Ding A.Y., DTI of adult visual pathways after severe neonatal hypoxia-ischemic cerebral injury, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4493.

Wu E.X. , Xing K. , Chan C.W. and Cheung M.H.M. , Functional MRI Study of the Visual System Development in Rodent Model, Proceedings of the 4th WACBE World Congress on Bioengineering . Hong Kong, 2009, 102.

Wu E.X. , Chan C.W. , Xing K.K. and Cheung M.H.M. , Functional MRI of postnatal visual development in normal and hypoxic-ischemic injured rat brains, 2009 BMES (Biomedical Engineering Society) Annual Fall Meeting . Pittsburgh, 2009, accepted.

Wu E.X. , Chan C.W. , Xing K. , Cheung M.H.M. and Zhou Y. , Functional MRI of postnatal visual development in nor mal rat superior colliculi, 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS) . Minneapolis, 2009, 4436-4439.

Wu E.X. , Chan C.W. and Cheung M.H.M. , Functional MRI of substantia nigra upon visual flash illumination, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 3542.

Wu E.X. and Chan C.W. , In vivo manganese-enhanced MRI of retinotopic mapping in superior colliculus, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 305.

Wu E.X. , Chan C.W. , Khong P.L. , Lau H.F. and Cheung P.T. , Late measures of microstructural alterations in severe neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy by MR diffusi on tensor imaging, International Journal Developmental Neuroscience . 2009, 27: 607-615.

Wu E.X. , Zhou Y. , Chow M.K.A. , Chan C.W. and Lau C., MEMRI study of mice cerebellar activation after voluntary wheel running, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4504.

Wu E.X. , Chan K.W.Y. , Chow M.K.A. , Chan C.W. and Yang J., Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain under mild hypothermia indicates changes in neuroprotection- related metabolites, Neuroscience Letters . 2010, 475: 150-155.

Wu E.X. and Chan C.W. , Manganese-enhanced MRI of perilesion cortex in subchronic focal brain ischemia, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4506.

Wu E.X. , Chow M.K.A. , Zhou Y. , Fan S. , Chan K.W. and Chan C.W. , Proton MRS in the late stage of neonatal hypoxia-ischemic cerebral injury, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4527.

Wu E.X. , Zhou Y. , Chan C.W. , Ding Y. , Hui E.S. and Cai K.X., Study of Neonatal Hypoxic-ischemic Injury in the Late Stage using MEMRI, Proceedings of the 4th WACBE World Congress on Bioengineering . Hong Kong, 2009, 113.

Wu E.X. , Ma D., Lui W.C., Li S.Y., Lo A.C., Wong D., Chan C.W. and Li K.K., Study on the safety of internal tamponades by magneti c resonance imaging, electroretinography and histology in animal model, ARVO Annual Meeting . 2009.

Wu E.X. , Chow M.K.A. , Zhou Y. , Fan S. , Chan K.W. and Chan C.W. , Taurine change in visual cortex of neonatal monocula r enucleated rat: a proton MRS study, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4530.

Wu E.X. , Ma D., Lui W.C., Wong D., Chan C.W. and Li K.K., The study of a single injection of intravitreal drugs in silicone oil filled eye using MRI, 27th Hong Kong society of Neuroscience Annual Meeting & 6th Asian Biophysical Association Symposium . 2009.

Wu E.X. , Ma D., Li K.K., Chan C.W. and Wong D., The use of high-resolution MRI to study the distribution of gentamicin, triamcinolone and bevacizumab after intravitreal injection into silicone oil filled eyes, Retina Congress 2009 New York . New York, 2009, accepted.

Wu E.X. , Chan C.W. , Fu Q. and So K.F., Ultrahigh-field Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Normal and Hypertensive Eyes, Proceedings of the 4th WACBE World Congress on Bioeng ineering . Hong Kong, 2009, 141.

Zhou Y. , Chow M.K.A. , Chan C.W. , Lau C. and Wu E.X. , MEMRI Study of Mice Cerebellar Activation after Voluntary Wheel Running, In: Daniel K. Sodickson, 2010 ISMRM Annual Meeting . 2010.

Researcher : Chan FHY

Project Title:	Development of an infrared sensing system for functional imaging of the brain - a noninvasive approach
Investigator(s):	Chan FHY, Chan JCK, Poon PWF
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Biotechnology Research Institute Research Grants
Start Date:	01/1993

Abstract:

To develop an infrared sensing system for functio nal imaging of the brain.

Project Title:	Development of an infrared sensing system for functional imaging of the brain - a noninvasive approach
Investigator(s):	Chan FHY, Chan JCK, Poon PWF
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Biotechnology Research Institute Research Grants
Start Date:	01/1993

Abstract:

To develop an infrared sensing system for functional imaging of the brain.

Project Title:	1999 ???O?-??-s+??q?l+?+??N?~+\| Automatic Recognition of Regular Atrial Fibrillation Signals Based upon Hidden Markov Models
Investigator(s):	Chan FHY
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff
Start Date:	11/1999

Abstract:

N/A

Project Title:	Taiwan - Hong Kong Physiology Symposium Adaptive and Artificial Neural Network Filtering of Evoked Pot entials
Investigator(s):	Chan FHY
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff
Start Date:	01/2000

Abstract:

N/A

Project Title:	World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Fibrillatory and Nonfibrillatory AF Classification Based on Hidden Markov Models
Investigator(s):	Chan FHY
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff
Start Date:	07/2000

Abstract:

N/A

Project Title:	2nd Joint Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society and the Biomedical Medicine Engineering Society Wavelet Coherence for Investigating the Time-Varying Synchrony of Eeg during Sentence Identification
Investigator(s):	Chan FHY
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff
Start Date:	10/2002

Abstract:

N/A

Researcher : Chan KS

Project Title:	Slotted aloha with erasure coding in wireless networks
Investigator(s):	Chan KS
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	02/2002

Abstract:

To employ erasure code for further improving the performance of slotted Aloha.

Researcher : Chan KWY

Project Title:	MR traceable microparticles for chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Investigator(s):	Chan KWY, Wu EX
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Small Project Funding
Start Date:	09/2009

Abstract:

The present study is to fabricate biomedical micropa rticles to facilitate magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and drug delivery. This is important to locally deliver chemotherapeutics for minimizing the side effects on non-diseased tissues and to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. We plan to prepare poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) fabricated microbubbles (MB) and microspheres (MS) with optimized MR properties, substantially for chemotherapy and chemoem obolization. This is to improve the accuracy of delivery and efficacy of chemotherapy, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 1. Preparation of tailor-made microparticles with favourable size and morphology to facilitate MR-guided drug delivery. 2. Control and monitor drug release of MB and MS at targeted sites. 3. Optimization of MR properties and acoustic properties of MB and MS, which includes the R2 and R2*. 4. MR guided in vivo delivery of MB and MS 5. Evaluation of chemotherapy and chemoemobolization with and without PLGA microparticles . A major obstacle in chemotherapy is the lack of appropriate delivery systems to target tumors and to deliver the correct dose precisely to eliminate tumors. This new microparticles are expected to improve cancer therapy in two aspects. First, MR guided delivery can increase the accuracy of delivery by controlling the particle size, and the location of embolic particles can be exactly imaged. Second, efficacy of chemotherapy can be enhanced by having particles with better acoustic properties. Hence, this study allows us to exploit and improve the delivery of chemotherapeutics, and to non-invasively assess the treatment via MRI.

List of Research Outputs

Wu E.X. , Chow M.K.A. , Chan K.W.Y. and Cheung S.C. , Enhancement of gas-filled microbubble R2* by iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . 2010, 63: 224-229.

Wu E.X. , Chan K.W.Y. , Chow M.K.A. , Chan C.W. and Yang J., Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain under mild hypothermia indicates changes in neuroprotection-related metabolites, Neuroscience Letters . 2010, 475: 150-155.

Researcher : Chan SC

Project Title:	European Signal Processing Conference A Spectral Analysis for Light Field Rendering
Investigator(s):	Chan SC
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff
Start Date:	09/2000

Abstract:

N/A

Project Title:	The 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems A Multiplier-Less 1-D and 2-D Fast Fourier Transform-Link Transformation Using Sum-of-Power-of-Two (SOPOT) Coefficients A Multistage Filterbank-Based Channelizer for Software Radio Base Stations
Investigator(s):	Chan SC
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff
Start Date:	05/2002

Abstract:

N/A

Project Title:	2006 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 2006) Robust Channel Estimation and Multiuser Detection for MC-CDMA Systems under Narrowband Interference A New Kalman Filter-based Algorithm for Adaptive Coherence Analysis of Non-stationary Multichannel Time Series
Investigator(s):	Chan SC
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff
Start Date:	05/2006

Abstract:

N/A

Project Title:	A study of movable image-based rendering systems
Investigator(s):	Chan SC, Shum HHY
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	General Research Fund (GRF)
Start Date:	09/2007
Completion Date:	02/2010

Abstract:

1. We shall develop a movable image-based rendering system based on the plenoptic videos developed by th e investigators in previous studies. It will be based on the object-based approach, which has been shown to provide high quality renderings from our previous works. Both movable linear and semi-circular camera arrays will be studied, as the latter will provide improved users’ experience. 2. A pilot study on the associated processing algorithms required for the moving linear and circular camera arrays will be conducted. In particular, we shall develop object tracking algorithm in order to change the azimuth angle of the array to cope with moving objects in a large environment. Due to imperfection in tracking, the videos may appear shaky and video stabilization techniques will be applied to overcome this problem. Through this study, we hope to evaluate the performance and other limitations of designing movable IBR systems.

Project Title:	A study of scalable dynamic image-ba sed representations and applications
Investigator(s):	Chan SC, Shum HHY
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	General Research Fund (GRF)
Start Date:	09/2008

Abstract:

1. Design and development of an efficient scalable PV representation for efficient delivery and rendering. 2. Development of new compression and post-processing techniques for this representation for 3D TV applications.

Project Title:	Image-Based 3-D Photography and Video Technology
Investigator(s):	Chan SC, Hung YS
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Innovation and Technology Support Programme (Tier 3)
Start Date:	10/2008
Completion Date:	11/2009

Abstract:

There are three main objectives in this project: 1) Development of cutting edge technologies in 3-D photography and video processing. 2) Construction of a new prototype system to demonstrate this new technology serving pote ntial applications. In particular, a multi-camera system will be constructed to demonstrate the technology. This will be useful in applications such as advertisement, E-commerce and digitization of Asian artifacts (the latter will be collaborating with University Museum and Art Gallery, The University of Hong Kong). 3) Promotion of this technology for possible industrial transfer. These findings will facilitate the further development and widespread use of image-based rendering in practical applications such as an efficient visualization and 3-D immersive TV systems.

Project Title:	Image-Based 3-D Photography and Video Technology
Investigator(s):	Chan SC
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Innovation and Technology Fund Internship Programme
Start Date:	12/2008

Abstract:

There are three main objectives in this project: 1) Development of cutting edge technologies in 3-D photography and video processing. 2) Construction of a new prototype system to demonstrate this new technology serving potential applications. In particular, a multi-camera system will be constructed to demonstrate the technology. This will be useful in applications such as advertisement, E-commerce and digitization of Asian artifacts (the latter will be collaborating with University Museum and Art Gallery, The University of Hong Kong). 3) Promotion of this technology for possible industrial transfer. These findings will facilitate the further development and widespread use of image-based rendering in practical applications such as an efficient visualization and 3-D immersive TV systems.

Project Title:	A study of 2D-to-3D conversion techniques for multiview/3D Displays
Investigator(s):	Chan SC
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	12/2008

Abstract:

This proposal aims to investigate new approaches for 2D-to-3D conversion for multiview displays. With the advance of electronics and manufacturing technology, a number of 3-D/multiview display technologies relying on spatial multiplexing of multiple images and a light-directing mechanism such as lenticular lens have been proposed recently. These multiview displays, which do not require eye glasses, will bring high-impact to future methods for information exchange. For animated scenes, such views can relatively simple be obtained by rendering appropriate novel views, which matches geometrically those designed for the multiview TVs. For other media which are generated from physical devices such as cameras and medical imaging instruments, most of these views have to be reconstructed from the captured data because it may not be possible to place the cameras or instruments exactly at the locations designed for the multiview TVs. This synthesis or reconstruction problem also occurs when user interactions such as changing of viewpoints are allowed in advanced visualization and immersive viewing systems. In order to generate 3-D data for multiview TVs, one approach is to capture images at multiple views using multiple camera arrays. Anot her important approach called 2D to 3D conversion aims to convert a traditional 2D image or video into 3D data by creating similar images at other views. The basic idea is to utilize images cues such as defocus and segmentation information, motion estimation etc and a combination of them to infer depths from the images. By determining the depth information of the images, one or more “virtual” views of a real-world scene can be synthesized. The main advantage of this so called depth image-based rendering (DIBR) approach is to simplify the process of converting a wide variety of existing program contents for 3D display. Due to the inherent difficulties of the problem, few wor ks were reported in the literature and most of these techniques are limited in their performance or capability. In this pilot study, we shall investigate a new framework for the 2D-to-3D problem. It employs 1. an object-based approach where objects at large depth differences are first segmented by semi-automatic tools; 2. Appropriate depth values are assigned to these objects using shape-from-shap ing techniques to mimimize human intervention. 3. 3. Finally, the missing image samples at the background are filled in by inpainting techniques so that different views of the image can be synthesized. It is expected that this new approach will serve shorten significantly the process of 2D-to-3D conversion with satisfactory performance.

Project Title:	A Study of Image-Based Rendering and Modeling Techniques for Ancient Chinese Artifacts Using Multiple-Camera Arrays
Investigator(s):	Chan SC
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	General Research Fund (GRF)
Start Date:	10/2009

Abstract:

1) Design and development of a systematic approach and user interfaces for rendering and display of ancient Chinese artifacts on ordinary as well as modern multi-view TVs; 2) Development of new techniques and user interface s for modeling ancient Chinese artifacts for relighting and other applications.

Project Title:	Improving teaching quality through 3D/multiview Video Technology
Investigator(s):	Chan SC
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Applied Research
Start Date:	06/2010

Abstract:

3D/multiview media is an effective means for visual information exchange. With the advance of 3D/multiview display technology, it is expected that 3D/multiview media will be key and popular means for future visual communications. While much emphasis has been paid on digital entertainment, its impact in education has been somewhat overlooked. By integrating 3D teaching materials and displays, the learning process will become more enjoyable than ever before. Not only does 3D visualization arouse the interest of students in subjects like Chinese culture, history, etc, which are usually considered to be less attractive, it can also signific antly improve the students’ ability to visualize 3D geometry or models in subjects like geography, biology, chemistry, mathematics and other scientific disciplines. However, content generation, i.e. generating videos with multiple views, is a key bottleneck in such applications. Converting existing video content to 3D or multiview is extremely time-consuming. It is desirable to develop automatic or semi-automatic methods with minimum human interven tion to carry out such conversion. Moroever, 3D/multiview video systems are expensive and difficult to construct, rendering the widespread use of this technology to education difficult. This project aims to: i) develop cutting-edge technologies in 2D-to-3D conversion and multiview video processing for seamless conversion of existing content to 3D or multiview, and ii) construct a new movable prototype system to create new multiview content for education purposes. In particular, we wish to develop a user friendly semi-automatic system to simplify the conversion of tradition videos to 3D or multiview and develop the required user interfaces to existing 3D/multiview displays. We shall also cons truct a movable prototype system and associated processing algorithm so that 3D/multiview videos with 360 degrees of viewing freedom can be captured and displayed on 3D/multiview displays.

List of Research Outputs

Chan S.C. , Zhou Y. and Ho K.L. , A New Sequential Block Partial Update Normalized Least Mean M-Estimate Algorithm and its Convergence Performance Analysis, Journal of Signal Processing Systems . Springer, 2010, 58, Issue 2: 173 - 191.

Chan S.C. , Chu Y. and Zhang Z. , A new regularized QRD recursive least m-estimate algorithm: Performance analysis and applications, 1st International Conference on Green Circuits and Systems (ICGCS2010) . 2010.

Chan S.C. and Zhou Y. , Convergence Behavior of NLMS Algorithm for Gaussian Inputs: Solutions Using Generalized Abelian Integral Functions and Step Size Selection, Journal Signal Processing Systems . 2009, online DOI 10.1007/s11265-009-0385-9.

Chan S.C. and Zhang Z. , Local polynomial modeling and bandwidth selection for time-varying linear models, 7th International Conference on Information, Communic ations and Signal Processing (ICICS2009) . 2009.

Chan S.C. and Zhang Z. , Local polynomial modeling and variable bandwidth selection for time-varying linear systems, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement . 2010.

Chan S.C. and Zhou Y. , On the Performance Analysis of the Least Mean M-Estimate and Normalized Least Mean M-Estimate Algorithms with Gaussian Inputs and Additive Gaussian and Contaminated Gaussian Noises, Journal of Signal Processing Systems . Springer, 2010, 60 , Issue 1: 81 - 103.

Li X. , Xing C. , Wu Y.C. and Chan S.C. , Timing Estimation and Re-synchronization for Amplify-and-Forward Communication Systems, In: Athina P. Petropulu, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing . IEEE, 2010, 58: 2218-2229.

Liao B. , Zhang Z. and Chan S.C. , A new robust Kalman filter-based subspace tracking algorithm in impulsive noise environment, IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems II . 2010, 57: 740-744.

Liao B. , Zhang Z. and Chan S.C. , A subspace-based method for DOA estimation of uniform linear array in the presence of mutual coupling, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS2010) . 2010.

Lim Y.C., Zou Y.X., Chan J.W. and Chan S.C. , Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converter (TIADC) Compensation Using Multichannel Filters, In: Lim, Y.C.; Zou, Y.X.; Lee, J.W.; Chan, S.C. , IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I . 2009, 56, issue 10: 2234-2247.

Ng K.T. , Wu Q. , Chan S.C. and Shum H.Y., Object-Based Coding for Plenoptic Videos, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology . 2010, 20, issue 4: 548 - 562.

Tsui K.M. and Chan S.C. , Iterative correction of frequency response mismatches in time-interleaved ADCs: A novel framework and case study in OFDM systems, IEEE Proceedings of ICGCS 2010 . pp. 253-258.

Tsui K.M. and Chan S.C. , Pattern Synthesis of Narrowband Conformal Arrays Using Iterative Second-order Cone Programming, IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation . 2010, vol. 58, no. 6: pp. 1959-1970.

Zhang Z. and Chan S.C. , Harmonic analysis of power system signals using a new regularized adaptive windowed Lomb periodogram, International Conference on Green Circuits and Systems (ICGCS2010) . 2010.

Zhang Z. , Chan S.C. and Hung Y.S. , Local polynomial modelling of time-varying autoregressive processes and its application to the analysis of event-related electroencephalogram, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS2010) . 2010.

Zhang Z. , Hung Y.S. , Chan S.C. , Xu W. and Hu Y. , Modeling and identification of gene regulatory networks: A Granger causality approach, International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC2010) . 2010.

Zhang Z. and Chan S.C. , On kernel selection of multivariate local polynomial modelling and its application to image smoothing and reconstruction, Journal of Signal Processing Systems . 2010.

Zhang Z. , Liu H. , Chan S.C. , Luk K.D.K. and Hu Y. , Time-dependent power spectral density estimation of surface electromyography during isometric muscle contraction: Methods and comparisons. , J Electromyogr Kinesiol. . 2010, 20: 89-101.

Zhang Z. , Liu H. , Chan S.C. , Luk K.D.K. and Hu Y. , Time-dependent power spectral density estimation of surface electromyography during isometric muscle contraction: methods and comparisons, Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology . 2010, 20: 89-101.

Zhang Z. and Chan S.C. , Tracking of voltage flicker in power distribution sys tems: A local polynomial modelling approach, International Conference on Green Circuits and Systems (ICGCS2010) . 2010.

Zhao S. and Chan S.C. , Design and Multiplierless Realization of Digital Synthesis Filters for Hybrid-Filter-Bank A/D Converters, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I . 2009, 56, issue 10: 2221-2233.

Researcher : Chan YP

List of Research Outputs

Chan Y.P. , Pong M.H. , Poon N.K. and Liu C.P., Effective Switching Mode Power Supplies Common Mode Noise Cancellation Technique with Zero Equipotential Transformer Models, Twenty-Fifth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 2010, February 21-25, Palm Springs, California . 2010.

Researcher : Chang C

Project Title:	Developing network component analysis methods for the reconstruction of gene regulatory networks from high-throughput experimental data in systems biology
Investigator(s):	Chang C
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	10/2008

Abstract:

This project aims to develop methods to reconstruct gene regulatory networks from high-throughput microarray data and apply the methods to the reconstruction and study of the gene regulatory network of real biological systems. In this project we will focus on the method of network component analysis to reconstruct the network from data. The overall objective is to develop new robust network component analysis methods which have improved performance and can cope with various limitations in practical applications of present network component analysis methods, and to apply the developed methods to real biological systems for the reconstruction and study of gene regulatory network. Specific objectives are listed as follows. 1. To develop new algorithms of network component analysis that incorporate more biological information into the model for improved performance and robustness. From biological knowledge, a transcription factor may regulate the expression of a number of genes, but most likely with the same effect, either positive or negative. This can lead to additional mathematical constraints on the connect ivity matrix (or regulation matrix) of the linear gene regulatory network. In addition, the profiles of transcription factor activity may not change very fast, and this leads another constraint on the input signals in the model. The key is to find ways to incorporate these constraints into the model and develop new network component analysis algorithms that take these constraints into account for better performance when applying to real biological systems. 2. To develop new mathematical and statistical methods that can solve the problem when the required information for a standard network component analysis to work, is missing. In order to apply network component analysis, we require that the connectivity matrix of the network satisfies some known structure and the gene expression data matrix obeys some rank constraints. But in practice these constraints may not be satisfied and the structure of the connectivity matrix may not even be known. However, there are some additional information, such as the sparseness of the connectivity matrix and the structure of the transcription factor activities, which may help to solve or partly solve the problem in this case. The key is to develo p algorithms that can utilize these kinds of information. 3. To develop statistical methods that can account for the inevitable uncertainties in the model to improve the performance of network component analysis. Uncertainties may be present in either the structure of the connect ivity matrix or the gene expression data, or both. In practice the structure of the connectivity matrix comes from genome scale location analysis (ChIP-chip experiments), literature evidence, or computational motif binding site prediction. Since all the three sources of informat ion are error-prone, the statistics of the error, if can be obtained, should be accounted for in the development of network component analysis methods. It is also well known that the microarray measurements are very noisy and sometimes repeated measurements are conducted in order to have a better measurement. Therefore the uncerta inty in the measurements should also be accounted for. The key is to develop methods to estimate the statistics of the uncertainties and account for them in network component analysis. 4. To apply the developed methods of network component analysis to the reconstruction and study of the gene regulatory network of some model biological systems. We will use the developed methods to analyse the gene regulatory network of cell cycle regulation and metabolic cycle regulation of budding yeast (S. cerevisiae), and the network of the germination of spores of C-ferm (C. richardii).

Project Title:	A wearable visual evoked potenti al device for visual field testing and brain-computer interface
Investigator(s):	Chang C, Hung YS, Hu Y
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Applied Research
Start Date:	06/2009

Abstract:

Glaucoma testing done by conventional Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) has long been established, but the sensitivity of the test and its subjective nature calls for the development of objective perimetry. The recent development of multi-focal visual evoked potential (VEP, mfVEP) is so far the only technology that can provide objective visual field testing for the diagnosis of glaucoma. However, the technology of mfVEP-based objective perimetry is still not mature, partly because of the long testing-time, due to the low signal-to-noise ratio of the visual evoked potential signals which can be obtained using the current systems. Brain-computer interface (BCI), another emerging cutting edge technology, which is to operate various types of devices by the control of a computer using brain-wave signals, has great impact on improving the life of disabled people and can also provide an additional communication chan nel for normal people. Steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) which is similar to the VEP technique used in mfVEP-based objective perimetry, is also the state-of-art technology for reliable brain-computer interface. For the same reason of low signal-to-noise ratio, BCI is still lacks of real applications due to low command rate. The low signal-to-noise ratio is partly caused by the commonly used visual stimulation system for which the interference from the environment is inevitable. In this project we propose to implement the visual stimulation system on a novel wearable LCD display (in the form of a pair of glasses) which can provide a perfectly controlled environment. In addition, a special efficient stimulation technique, in which the stimuli are controlled by a m-sequence (a kind of pseudo-ran dom sequence), is used in multi-focal visual evoked potential. However, this efficient m-sequence technique has not been used in brain-computer interface so far. On the other hand, advanced signal processing techniques to improve the quality of visual evoked potential signals, have been extensively investigated in the study of brain-computer interface, but these signal processing techniques have not been used in the development of multi-focal VEP. In this project, a common platform of visual evoked potential technology which utilizes the wearable LCD display, the m-sequence technique, and the advanced signal processing techniques, will be developed for the applications of both objective visual field testing and brain-computer interface. The detailed objectives are as follows. (1) To develop a visual stimulation system on a wearable LCD display using the m-sequence technique. The difference between using the wearable display and the conventional PC monitors (LCD, CRT) will also be studied. (2) To develop an advanced signal processing system for the purpose of decoding the VEP signals evoked by the m-sequence technique and improving the signal-to-noise ratio. (3) To develop a prototype device for objective visual field detection using multi-focal VEP. The prototype will be evaluated for normal subjects and glaucoma patients. It is planned to test 5-10 normal subjects and 2-5 glaucoma patients. (4) To develop a brain-computer interface prototype using visual evoked potentials evoked by the m-sequence technique. Simple applications (1-2) will be designed for the use of this BCI prototype, and the prototype will be tested on 5-10 subjects.

Project Title:	Signal Processing Methods for Gene Regulatory Network Reconstruction from Gene Expression Measurements
Investigator(s):	Chang C
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	General Research Fund (GRF)
Start Date:	01/2010

Abstract:

1) Development of advanced gene regulatory network reconstruction methods that can incorporate biologica l knowledge and account for uncertainties in order to combat practical measurement noises and modeling errors for improved reconstruction accuracy and robustness; 2) Application of the developed methods for the reconstructing the gene regulatory networks of baker's yeast and frui t fly by incorporating known biological information, and performance evaluation of the proposed approaches.

Project Title:	Gene Network Analysis Using High-throughput Digital Gene Expression Data Measured by Next Generati on Sequencing Techniques
Investigator(s):	Chang C, Hung YS
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	03/2010

Abstract:

Purpose of the proposed project: Systems biology is an emerging interdisciplinary research area that has interested people from different disciplines including biology, mathematics, statistics and engineering. To understand and analyze biological networks at various levels, such as gene regulation networks, protein interactio n networks and metabolic networks are the essence of Systems biology. High-throughput experimental techniques like microarrays have been developed in the past decade to measure simultaneously the expression level of all genes or proteins in a cell or a group of cells. Yet the disadvantages of microarray limits the ability to do so as the measurement obtained from microarray is very noisy and so not reliable. Besides, prior knowled ge on the genome sequence needs to be known first before the start of experiment. These disadvantages make the microarray-based network analysis difficult. Recently a revolutionary sequencing technology named Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) emerged in 2006. NGS is fast and ch eap (as compared to traditional ‘Sanger’ sequencing) thus makes it possible to accurately count the number of copies of each expressed genes in a single cell. With NGS, many studies on different applications which are not possible few years before (with such low cost and few amounts of samples) are performed in a drastic manner. NGS provides new opportunities and challenges for gene expression data analysis: from the low level data processing on sequence assembly, storage and tran sformation, to the high level processing on biological inferences including clustering, classification, and network analysis. In this project we take these challenges and develop data processing and analysis methods for digital gene expression measurement, with focus on gene network analysis. Though at the current stage only a very small number of digital gene expression datasets are publicly available, we expect more and more such datasets will be published soon. The need for data analysis methods and softwares tailored for this new kind of data becom es more demanding than ever, as it is believed that digital gene expression measurement based on NGS will replace the microarray-based gene expression studies. Key issues and problems being addressed: 1. To perform low-level analysis of the digital gene expression measurem ent data. Digital gene expression measurement is based on sequencing of the expressed mRNA sequences using next generation sequencing techniques, and before sequencing the mRNA sequences are first cut into small segments with length of several tens of bases. The direct outputs of the experiment are copies of segments of mRNA sequ ences of the expressed genes. In order to get the gene expression levels, we need to count the expressed number of copies of whole mRNA sequence of each gene. Sequence alignment and statistical analysis are thus needed to get the gene expression levels from the sequences. At this stage publicly available digital gene expression data are almost all low-level sequence data, so it is necessary to perform low-level data analysis before down-stream gene network analysis can be carried out. 2. To develop a PSO-NCA method for gene regulatory network reconstruction from digital gene expression measurements, with limited or no a prior knowledge on the structure of the network. In our previous work, we have developed a fast network component analysis (FastNCA) method to reconstruct the gene regulatory network from DNA microarray gene expression data, with a prior knowledge on the structure of the gene regulatory network. However, in most practical applications, it is hard to know the network structure therefore the FastNCA method cannot be readily applied. Our recent pilot simulation study shows that it is possible to infer the unknown network structure required by FastNCA using particle swarm optimization (PSO) if the gene expression data have a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Though this PSO-NCA method may not be applicable to microarray data which is so noisy, it can be applied to NGS-based digital gene expression data which are much more accurate than microarray measurements. 3. To develop novel gene network analysis methods based on causality analysis. In order to study the relationship between differen t genes, people have developed functional gene network analysis by studying the correlation or partial correlation between the time-course gene expression of each pair of genes, and this method has been used for microarray data analysis. However, a more informative relationship among genes should be obtained from causality analysi s which provides an effective gene network. However, in order to perform a meaningful causality analysis for gene expression data, a reasonably high SNR of the data is required. Therefore, the good quality digital gene expression data make it possible to do causality analysis and infer an effective gene network. 4. To apply the developed methods to real systems biology problems. The developed gene network analysis methods should be validated through the analysis of real digit al gene expression data. They will be tested on both publicly available data and private data. Currently there are a small number of publicly available digital gene expression datasets, and we also have access to a private dataset on developmental study of plants from our collaborator in University of Texas at Austin.

List of Research Outputs

Dai J. , Chang C. , Ye Z. and Hung Y.S. , An Efficient Convex Nonnegative Network Component Analysis for Gene Regulatory Network Reconstruction, 4th IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition in Bioinformatics (PRIB 2009), also Lecture Notes in Computer Science . 2009, 5780: 56-66.

Dai J. , Chang C. , Ye Z. and Hung Y.S. , Microsoft Cup IEEE Student Paper Contest, IEEE . 2009.

Dai J.S., Chang C. , Ye Z.F. and Hung Y.S. , An efficient greedy scheduler for zero-forcing dirty-paper coding, IEEE Transactions on Communications . 2009, 57, Issue 7: 1939-1943.

Guo X., Chang C. and Lam E.Y.M. , Blind separation of electron paramagnetic resonance signals using diversity minimization, Journal of Magnetic Resonance . 2010, 204: 26–36.

Guo X. , Wan Q., Chang C. and Lam E.Y.M. , Source localization using a sparse representation framework to achieve superresolution, Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing . 2010, 12.

Mai F. , Chang C. , Liu W., Xu W. and Hung Y.S. , Segmentation-based retrospective shading correction in fluorescence microscopy E. coli images for quantitative analysis, The sixth International Symposium on Multispectral Image Processing and Pattern Recognition . 2009, 7498: 74983O-1-74983O-8.

Shen M., Lin L., Chen J. and Chang C. , A prediction approach for multichannel eeg signals modeling using local wavelet svm, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement . 2010, 59: 1485-1492.

Researcher : Chau KT

Project Title:	Development of a novel electric machine for wind power generation
Investigator(s):	Chau KT
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	General Research Fund (GRF)
Start Date:	01/2006

Abstract:

The main objectives of this project are to: (1) design a novel BDF-DSPM machine which can offer high power density (over 200 W/kg), direct drive, high reliability and maintenance-free operation; (2) develop a new control scheme to adjust the dc field current so that the proposed machine can operate at wide speed range (up to 3 times the base speed) with good power quality; and (3) develop a new optimization scheme to on-line tune the dc field current so as to achieve the optimal efficiency map (over 85% for most wind speeds).

Project Title:	A novel magnetic-geared electronic-continuously variable transmission propulsion system for hybrid electric vehicles
Investigator(s):	Chau KT
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	General Research Fund (GRF)
Start Date:	01/2008

Abstract:

(1) Develop a novel machine topology which integrate s the 3 rotating devices (motor, magnetic gear and generator) to perform E-CVT propulsion, hence offering high power density, high efficiency, and quiet operation. (2) Develop a novel power converter which offers high specific power, bidirectional capability and minimum EMI, hence achieving effective power flow regulation between the motor and the generator for E-CVT operation.

Project Title:	Thermoelectric Waste Heat Energy Recovery for Automobiles
Investigator(s):	Chau KT
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Small Project Funding
Start Date:	12/2008

Abstract:

Internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) have been developed for over 120 years. Nevertheless, their energy efficiency has not been greatly improved from the original version. Actually, for modern gasoline fueled ICEVs, there is only about 25% of the fuel combustion energy is utilized for vehicle operation whereas about 40% is lost in the form of waste heat of exhaust gas. With ever increasing oil prices, currently over 120 US dollars per barrel, it is a pressing need for researchers to develop an energy-efficient technology for ICEVs. So, the purpose of the proposed project is to recover the waste heat energy and directly convert it to electricity. Hence, the recovered energy can be stored in the battery of the automobile or directly used by automotive electronic appliances. The thermoelectric device has the ability to directly recover such waste heat and generate electri city without adding engine load. The key issue is how to design the thermoelectric system to effectively capture the waste heat of ICEVs. There are two major problems that have been identified. First, the operating temperature of the heat engine and hence the exhaust gas significa ntly varies with the vehicular load. For example, hill climbing definitely desires full-power operation, whereas level cruising only needs low-power operation. So, the thermoelect ric system should be able to capture the waste heat with a wide range of temperatures. Second, the operating characteristics of thermoelectric devices are highly nonlinear. Namely, for a given temperature, the generated output power varies with the terminal output voltage. So, the thermoelectric system should be able to track the maximum power point transfer under different operat ing temperatures and different output voltages.

Project Title:	Modeling and Assessment of Air Quality Improvement due to Electric Vehicles
Investigator(s):	Chau KT
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Small Project Funding
Start Date:	12/2009

Abstract:

With ever increasing concern on our earth, research on energy and environment is becoming the burning issue in the world. Although there is a general perception that electric vehicles (EVs) are energy efficient and environmentally sound, can they really improve our air quality in a global point of view? If yes, what are their quantitative improvements? Then, what types of EVs – battery EV (BEV), hybrid EV (HEV), plug-in hybrid EV (PHEV) or fuel cell EV (FCEV) that are most effective to combat air pollution? Particularly, what is the quantitative relationship between the penetration percentages of EVs and the improvement in air quality? Consequently, what kinds of incentives, regulations or intervention that the governments should provide to encourage the use of EVs? So, the purpose of the proposed project is: (1) to develop models to assess emissions from various vehicles, including the BEV, HEV, PHEV, FCEV and conventional engine vehicle; (2) to develop models to quantify the likely penetration percentage of various EVs with and without government intervention; (3) to develop an energy-environment-economic (EEE) model to assess the improvement of air quality at various penetration percentages of EVs; hence asse ssing the breakeven scenarios between the government’s subsidy for EVs and the government’s saving in medical costs. The key issues of this project are how to accurately establ ish the emission models, the penetration models and the EEE model. There are three major problems that have been identified. First, the accuracy of emission models depends on direct measurement of emissions from various on-road vehicles, which vary with the driving habits and road conditions. Also, the emissions created by the power utilities to generate electricity should be counted as those from the BEV and PHEV, while the emissions created by the chemical plants to generate hydrogen gas should be counted as those from the FCEV. Second, the accuracy of penetration models is based on the survey and interview of potential buyers of EVs, which heavily relies on the number of samples, the sampling approach and the design of questionnaires. Third, the accuracy of the EEE model depends on the relationship of the air quality improvement and medical cost reduction. These data vary significantly between developed and developing countries.

List of Research Outputs

Chau K.T. , Development & Opportunity of Electric, Hybrid & Fuel Cell Vehicles, Jiangsu Electrotechnical Society, Yancheng, China . 2009.

Chau K.T. , Electric Motor Drives for Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Vehicles, In: G.B. Raines, Electric Vehicles: Technology, Research and Development . Nova Science Publishers, 2009, 1-40.

Chau K.T. , Key Technologies for Electric Vehicles, Shandong Computer Science Center, Jinan, China . 2009.

Chau K.T. and Cheng M., 电动汽车的新型驱动技术, Beijing, China Machine Press, 2010, 211 pages.

Gong Y. , Chau K.T. , Jiang J. , Yu C. and Li W. , Analysis of doubly salient memory motors using Preisach theory, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics . 2009, 45(10): 4676-4679.

Gong Y. , Chau K.T. , Jiang J. , Yu C. and Li W. , Design of doubly salient permanent magnet motors with minimum torque ripple, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics . 2009, 45(10): 4704-4707.

Jian L. and Chau K.T. , A coaxial magnetic gear using bulk YBCO superconductors, 21st Conference on Magnet Technology . 2009, Paper No. 1FP-42.

Jian L. and Chau K.T. , A coaxial magnetic gear with Halbach permanent magnet arrays, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion . 2010, 25(2): 319-328.

Jian L. , Chau K.T. , Li W. and Li J. , A novel coaxial magnetic gear using bulk HTS for indus trial applications, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity . 2010, 20(3): 981-984.

Jian L. and Chau K.T. , A novel electronic-continuously variable transmission propulsion system using coaxial magnetic gearing for hybrid electric vehicles, Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles . 2009, 7(2): 1291-1296.

Jian L. , Chau K.T. , Gong Y. , Yu C. and Li W. , Analytical calculation of magnetic field in surface-inset permanent magnet motors, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics . 2009, 45(10): 4688-4691.

Jian L. , Chau K.T. , Gong Y. , Jiang J. , Yu C. and Li W. , Comparison of coaxial magnetic gears with different topologies, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics . 2009, 45(10): 4526-4529.

Li J. , Chau K.T. , Jiang J. and Liu C. , A new efficient permanent-magnet vernier machine for wind power generation and the corresponding FEM analysi s, IEEE Joint Magnetism & Magnetic Materials - International Magnetics Conference . 2010, Paper No. CU-15.

Li J. , Chau K.T. , Jiang J. , Liu C. and Li W. , A new efficient permanent-magnet vernier machine for wind power generation, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics . 2010, 45(6): 1475-1478.

Li J. and Chau K.T. , Design and analysis of a HTS vernier PM machine, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity . 2010, 20(3): 1055-1059.

Li J. , Chau K.T. and Jiang J. , Design and analysis of a novel hybrid permanent magnet vernier machine, 21st Conference on Magnet Technology . 2009, Paper No. 2EP-11.

Li W. , Chau K.T. , Jiang J. and Liu C. , A linear magnetic-geared machine system for direct-drive wave power generation, IEEE Joint Magnetism & Magnetic Materials - International Magnetics Conference . 2010, Paper No. CR-02.

Li W. and Chau K.T. , Design and analysis of a novel linear transverse flux permanent magnet motor using HTS magnetic shielding, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity . 2010, 20(3): 1106-1109.

Li W. , Chau K.T. and Jiang J. , Design and analysis of a novel linear transverse flux permanent magnet motor, 21st Conference on Magnet Technology . 2009, Paper No. 2EP-38.

Li W. , Chau K.T. , Li J. and Zhang X. , Wave power generation and its feasibility in Hong Kong, 8th IET International Conference on Advances in Power System Control, Operation and Management . 2009, Paper No. 134.

Liu C. , Chau K.T. and Zhang X. , An efficient wind-photovoltaic hybrid generation system using doubly-excited permanent-magnet brushless machine, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics . 2010, 57(3): 831-839.

Liu C. and Chau K.T. , Comparison of fault-tolerant operations for permanent-magnet hybrid brushless motor drive , IEEE Joint Magnetism & Magnetic Materials - Intern ational Magnetics Conference . 2010, Paper No. CS-06.

Liu C. , Chau K.T. and Li W. , Comparison of fault-tolerant operations for permanent-magnet hybrid brushless motor drive, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics . 2010, 45(6): 1378-1381.

Liu C. , Chau K.T. , Li W. and Yu C. , Efficiency optimization of a permanent-magnet hybrid brushless machine using dc field current control, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics . 2009, 45(10): 4652-4655.

Liu C. and Chau K.T. , Loss analysis of permanent magnet hybrid brushless machines with and without HTS field windings, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity . 2010, 20(3): 1077-1080.

Liu C. and Chau K.T. , Loss analysis of permanent magnet hybrid brushless machines, 21st Conference on Magnet Technology . 2009, Paper No. 2EP-20.

Niu S. and Chau K.T. , A new double-stator PM brushless machine for torque boosting of downsized ICE vehicles, IEEE Joint Magnetism & Magnetic Materials - International Magnetics Conference . 2010, Paper No. CS-11.

Niu S. , Chau K.T. , Li W. and Li J. , Eddy current analysis of double-stator inset-type permanent magnet brushless machines, 21st Conference on Magnet Technology . 2009, Paper No. 2EP-32.

Niu S. , Chau K.T. , Li J. and Li W. , Eddy current analysis of double-stator inset-type permanent magnet brushless machines, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity . 2010, 20(3): 1097-1101.

Zhang X. , Chau K.T. and Chan C.C. , Design and implementation of a thermoelectric-photovoltaic hybrid energy source for hybrid electric vehicles, World Electric Vehicle Journal . 2009, 3(1): 1-11.

Zhao W. , Chau K.T. , Cheng M. , Ji J. and Zhu X. , Remedial brushless AC operation of fault-tolerant doubly-salient permanent-magnet motor drives, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics . 2010, 57(6): 2134-2141.

Researcher : Chen G

List of Research Outputs

Chen G. , Choi H.W. and Lai P.T. , A Study on InGaN/GaN Multiple Quantum-Well Hydrogen Sensor with HfTiO as Gate Dielectric, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on EDSSC . Xian, China, 2009.

Researcher : Chen J

List of Research Outputs

Chen J. , Wu Y.C. , Ng T.S. and Serpedin E., Training sequence design in multiuser OFDM systems, In: Tao Jiang, Liangyang Song and Yan Zhang, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access Fund amentals and Applications . CRC Press, 2010, 329-348.

Wu Y.C. , Chen J. , Ng T.S. and Serpedin E., Multiuser CFOs estimation in OFDMA uplink systems, In: Tao Jiang, Liangyang Song and Yan Zhang, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access Fundamentals and Applications . CRC Press, 2010, 397-415.

Researcher : Chen Q

List of Research Outputs

Chen Q. and Wong N. , Efficient numerical modeling of random rough surface effects in interconnect resistance extraction, Intl. J. Circuit Theory and Applications . 2009, 37: 751-763.

Chen Q. , Choi H.W. and Wong N. , Robust Simulation Methodology for Surface Roughness Loss in Interconnect and Package Modelings, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits And Systems . 2009, 28: 1654-1665.

Lei C.U. , Wang Y. , Chen Q. and Wong N. , On vector fitting methods in signal/power integrity applications, Proc. Intl. MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists . 2010, 1407-1412.

Researcher : Chen Q

List of Research Outputs

Chen Q. and Wong N. , Efficient numerical modeling of random rough surface effects in interconnect resistance extraction, Intl. J. Circuit Theory and Applications . 2009, 37: 751-763.

Lei C.U. , Wang Y. , Chen Q. and Wong N. , On vector fitting methods in signal/power integrity applications, Proc. Intl. MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists . 2010, 1407-1412.

Researcher : Chen Z

List of Research Outputs

Chen Z. and Yung N.H.C. , Improved multi-level pedestrian behavior prediction based on matching with classified motion patterns, IEEE Intelligent Transportation System Conference 2009 . Missouri, USA, IEEE, 6.

Researcher : Cheng HY

List of Research Outputs

Cheng H.Y. , Standish B., Yang V., Cheung K., Gu X., Lam E.Y.M. and Wong K.K.Y. , Hybrid Fourier domain modelocked laser utilizing a fiber optical parametric amplifier and an erbium doped fiber amplifier, Fiber Lasers VII: Technology, Systems, and Applications . 2010.

Cheng H.Y. , Standish B., Yang V., Cheung K., Gu X., Lam E.Y.M. and Wong K.K.Y. , Wavelength-swept spectral and pulse shaping utilizing hybrid Fourier domain modelocking by fiber optical parametric and erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, Optics Express . 2010, 18: 1909–1915.

Cheung K.Y. , Cheng H.Y. , Yang S. , Zhou Y. and Wong K.K.Y. , Fourier Domain Mode Locking Laser Sweeping Based on Optical Parametric Amplification, Opt. Fiber Comm. Conf. . 2010.

Researcher : Cheng M

List of Research Outputs

Zhao W. , Chau K.T. , Cheng M. , Ji J. and Zhu X. , Remedial brushless AC operation of fault-tolerant doubly- salient permanent-magnet motor drives, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics . 2010, 57(6): 2134-2141.

Researcher : Chesi G

Project Title:	Robust path-planning for visual servoing
Investigator(s):	Chesi G
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	General Research Fund (GRF)
Start Date:	01/2009

Abstract:

Develop a technique for solving the robust path-planning problem.

Project Title:	Reducing non-convexity in the estimation of the essential matrix
Investigator(s):	Chesi G
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	04/2009
Completion Date:	03/2010

Abstract:

This project concerns the estimation of the essential matrix of stereo vision systems. A stereo vision system consists of a pair of cameras which are observing a scene from two different locations of the 3D space. These locations may differ for a translation and/or a rotation. The scene is supposed to contain some objects lying in the fields of view of both cameras, in part icular it is supposed that some parts of these objects are visible from both cameras. The essential matrix is a three-times-three real matrix that contains information about the geometry of the stereo vision system. In particular, this matrix contains the relative 3D motion existing between the two cameras. This motion has six degrees of freedom, indeed three degrees of freedom define the relative translation vector between the centers of the cameras, while other three degrees of freedom define the relative rotation matrix between the cameras. See for instance the references [1,2] below. A key problem in computer vision consists of estimating the essential matrix from a set of image points. Specifically, it is considered that an estimate of the image projections of some object points on two views are available together with their correspondence (this estimate is affected by the image noise, which includes acquisition errors, quantization errors, and matching errors). It is also considered that an estima te of the intrinsic parameters of the cameras (i.e., focal lengths, principal point, and aspect ratio) is available (this estimate is affected by calibration errors). One way to estimate the essential matrix from the available set of image points and intrinsic parameters consists of minimizing an algebraic error, which is typically given by the sum of the squares of the residues in the epipolar equations that the essential matrix and each pair of corresponding image points must satisfy. In particular, the problem amounts to minimizing a quadratic cost in the entries of the essential matrix over the essential matrices manifold. A more accurate way to estimate the essential matrix consists of minimizin g a geometric error rather than an algebraic error. Geometric errors can be defined in several ways. A typical definition is the sum of the squares of the euclidean distances between each image point and the epipolar line provided by its corresponding image point in the other view and the essential matrix. This problem amounts to minimizing a rational function over the essential matrices manifold. Unfortunately, these problems are very difficult to solve because they are non-convex optimizations. Indeed, though in the minimization of the algebraic error the cost function is quadratic, unfortunately the feasible set is non-convex , being defined by the set of three-times-three real matrices which have the structure of an essential matrix (in particular, any essential matrix is the product of a rotation matrix and a skew-symmetric matrix). Then, in the minimization of the geometric error, not only the feasible set is non-convex being the essential matrices manifold, but also the cost function is non-convex, being described for instance by a rational function. This means that these optimizations may present local-only minima in addition to the sought global minimum, and this fact makes very challenging to obtain the sought estimate of the essential matrix. Indeed, the methods proposed in the literature allow one to obtain only an approximation of the sought solution. For instance, the minimization of the algebraic error can be addressed via the well-known eight point algorithm, which consists of removing the constraint that the essential matrix has to belong to a specific manifold, solving the resulting unconstrained linear least-squares problem, and then imposing the structure of the essential matrix on the found solution. However, this does not guarantee at all that the obtained solution is the sought estimate of the essential matrix since the essential matrices manifold constraint is imposed a posteriori rather than a priori. Another possibility for minimizing the algebraic error (and also the geometric error) consists of adopting search algorithms based on gradient descent and Newton iterations. However, these algorithms provid e in general a local-only minimum rather than the sought global one, moreover there are no indications on how far the found solution is from the sought one. See for instance [1,2,3,4]. This project aims to contribute to the solution of these problems. In particular, our target consists of investigating and developing new methods to solve the minimization of the algebraic error and geometric error over the essential matrices manifold. It is expected that the methods found in this project allow one to reduce the non-convexity of these optimizations, and possibly eliminate it. [1] O. Faugeras and Q.-T. Luong, "The Geometry of Multiple Images," MIT Press, 2001. [2] R. Hartley and A. Zisserman, "Multiple view in computer vision," Cambridge University Press, 2000. [3] U. Helmke and K. Huper and P.-Y. Lee and J. Moore, "Essential Matrix Estimation Using Gauss-Newton Iterations on a Manifold," Int. Jounral of Computer Vision, 74(2), 117-136, 2007. [4] R. Hartley and F. Kahl, "Global Optimization through Searching Rotation Space and Optimal Estimation of the Essential Matrix," Proc. 11th IEEE Int. Conf. on Computer Vision, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), 2007.

Project Title:	European Control Conference 2009 (ECC '09) LMI‐based estimation of the domain of attraction of equilibrium points for nonlinear non-polynomial dynamical systems
Investigator(s):	Chesi G
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff
Start Date:	08/2009
Completion Date:	08/2009

Abstract:

N/A

Project Title:	Triangulation of Points in Multiple-V iew Vision Systems with Uncertain Data
Investigator(s):	Chesi G
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Small Project Funding
Start Date:	11/2009

Abstract:

This project concerns the triangulation of points for multiple-view vision systems in the presence of uncertain data. Before giving the details of the considered problem, it can be useful to briefly review the concept s of vision systems and triangulation of points. A multiple-view vision system consists of a set of cameras observing some common objects from different locations of the scene. Each of these locations is defined by a translation vector that defines the position of the camera center in the 3D space, and by a rotation matrix that defines the orientation of the camera. The triangu lation of a point consists of estimating the position of an object point in the 3D space from the following data: estimate of the image projection of this point on the cameras, estimate of the intrinsic parameters of the cameras, and estimate of the pose of the cameras with respect to a common absolute frame. This problem amounts to determining the 3D point that minimizes the 2D re-projection error, i.e. the sum of the distances between each projection of this point on the given images and the correspondin g available image projections. See for instance the references [1-2]. The triangulation of points is a fundamental problem in computer vision. Various techniques have been proposed in the literature for addressing this problem. For example, in [3] the authors propose an almost analytical solution for triangulation with two views, which requires to compute the roots of a one-var iable polynomial of degree six. In [4], a solution for triangulation with three views is given by computing the solutions of a system of polynomial equations via Grobner bases. In [5], a branch-and-bound algorithm for multiple-vie w triangulation is described. Lastly, in [6] the authors describe convex and concave relaxations to solve a statistically optimal triangulation problem for multiple view. Unfortunately, none of the existing techniques for triangulation of points allows one to consider the presence of uncertain data, i.e. the case where some image projections are unknown, but it is known that they belong to some certain regions of the image domain. Situations like this often occur in practice due to various causes, such as visual occlusion, poor lighting, blurring, etc. In these cases, some image projections of the object point of interest are unavailable, however trivial image inspections provide one with known regions of the image domain where the unknown image projections must lie on. These regions are, hence, additional information that existing techniques for triangulation of points do not exploit. The target of this project is to develop a suitable computational technique for taking into account this additional information, and hence provide more accurate estimates than existing techniques. [1] O. Faugeras and Q.-T. Luong, "The Geometry of Multiple Images," MIT Press, 2001. [2] R. Hartley and A. Zisserman, "Multiple view in compu ter vision," Cambridge University Press, 2000. [3] R. I. Hartley and P. Sturm, "Triangulation," Computer Vision and Image Understanding, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 146–157, 1997. [4] M. Byrod, K. Josephson, and K. Astrom, "Fast optimal three view triangulation," in Asian Conf. on Computer Vision, Tokyo, Japan, 2007. [5] F. Lu and R. Hartley, "A fast optimal algorithm for L2 triangulation," in Asian Conf. on Computer Vision, Tokyo, Japan, 2007. [6] K. Josephson and F. Kahl, "Triangulation of points, lines and conics," Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision, 2008.

List of Research Outputs

Chesi G. , Associate Editor, International Symposium on Systems and Control in Aeronautics and Astronautics (ISSCAA) 2010 . 2010.

Chesi G. , CFP: Special Issue on Systems and Synthetic Biology, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part A . 2010, 40-4: 866-867.

Chesi G. , Call for Papers: Special Issue on Systems Biology, International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control . 2010, 20-6: 723-724.

Chesi G. , Computing Equilibrium Points of Genetic Regulatory Networks, Transactions on Computational Systems Biology XI, LNBI 5750 . 2009, 268-282.

Chesi G. , Finalist of Shimemura Young Author Award, Asian Control Conference (ASCC) 2009 . 2009.

Chesi G. , Genetic networks with SUM regulatory functions: Characterizing the equilibrium points., IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics . 2009.

Chesi G. , Homogeneous Polynomial Forms for Robustness Analysis of Uncertain Systems, International Symposium on Systems and Control in Aeronautics and Astronautics (ISSCAA) (June 2010) . 2010.

Chesi G. , Hung Y.S. and Yung H.L. , Image Measurement Errors in Visual Servoing: Estimating the Induced Positioning Error, 2010.

Chesi G. and Hung Y.S. , Investigating the load flow equations in power systems via LMI-based techniques, 7th Asian Control Conference . 2009.

Chesi G. , Invited Session Chair, Asian Control Conference (ASCC) 2009 . 2009.

Chesi G. , On the Robust Stability of Continuous- Time and Discrete-Time Time-Invariant Uncertain Systems with Rational Dependen ce on the Uncertainty: a Non-Conservative Condition, International Symposium on Systems and Control in Aeronautics and Astronautics . 2010.

Chesi G. , Optimal Object Configurations For Minimizing the Positioning Error in Visual Servoing, IEEE Transactions on Robotics . 584-589, 2010, 26-3.

Chesi G. , Polynomial Relaxation-based Conditions For Global Asymptotic Stability Of Equilibrium Points Of Genetic Regulatory Networks, International Journal of Systems Science . 2010, 41: 65-72.

Chesi G. , SOS Polynomials and their Application in Robustness Analysis of Uncertain Systems, Key Laboratory of Mathematics Mechanization, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China (March 2010) . 2010.

Chesi G. , Time-invariant Uncertain Systems: A Necessary And Sufficient Condition For Stability And Instability Via Hpd-qlfs , Automatica . 2010, 46-2: 471-474.

Chesi G. , Toward Exact Methods for Location and Stability of Equilibrium Points of Genetic Regulatory Networks, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China (December 2009) . 2009.

Chesi G. , Toward Exact Methods for Location and Stability of Equilibrium Points of Genetic Regulatory Networks, Key Laboratory of Systems and Control, Chinese Academ y of Science, Beijing, China (March 2010) . 2010.

Chesi G. , Toward non-conservative stability conditions for equilibrium points of genetic networks with SUM regulatory funct ions , IEEE conference on Decision and Control . 2009, 5631-5636.

Chesi G. , In: G. Chesi, K. Hashimoto , Visual Servoing via Advanced Numerical Methods . Springer, 2010, 1.

Mai F. , Hung Y.S. and Chesi G. , Projective reconstruction of ellipses from multiple images, Pattern Recognition . 2010, 43, No.3: 545-556.

Yung H.L. , Chesi G. and Hung Y.S. , Position and motion estimation for visual robot control with planar targets, 7th Asian Control Conference . Hong Kong, 2009.

Zhang J. , Mai F. , Hung Y.S. and Chesi G. , 3D Model Reconstruction from Turntable Sequence with Multiple -View Triangulation, International Symposium on Visual Computing . 2009, 470-479.

Zhang J. , Mai F. , Hung Y.S. and Chesi G. , 3D Model Reconstruction from Turntable Sequence with Multiple -View Triangulation, the fifth International Symposium on Visual Computing . 2009, 5876: 470-479.

Researcher : Cheung KH

List of Research Outputs

Tsang K.H. , Yiu Y.S. , Cheung K.H. , Chiu C.T. , Cheung C.C.P. and Yu A.C.H. , Design of a multi-channel pre-beamform data acquisition system for an ultrasound research scanner, IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium . 2009, 1840-1843.

Researcher : Cheung KY

List of Research Outputs

Cheung K.Y. , Cheng H.Y. , Yang S. , Zhou Y. and Wong K.K.Y. , Fourier Domain Mode Locking Laser Sweeping Based on Optical Parametric Amplification, Opt. Fiber Comm. Conf. . 2010.

Cheung K.Y. , Zhou Y. and Wong K.K.Y. , Nanosecond Optical Parametric Oscillator Based on Highly-Nonlinear Dispersion-Shifted Fiber, Optoelectronics and Comm. Conf. . 2009.

Li J. , Xu X. , Cheung K.Y. and Wong K.K.Y. , Multi-Tap Photonic Microwave Filter Based on Two-Pum p Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifier, Asia Communications and Photonics Conference and Exhibition (ACP) . 2009.

Shen M. , Xu X. , Cheung K.Y. , Yuk T.T.I. and Wong K.K.Y. , Performance of Parametric Wavelength Exchange for Na rrow Pulse Width Return-to-Zero Signal, European Conf. on Optical Communications . 2009.

Yang S. , Cheung K.Y. and Wong K.K.Y. , Dispersion-Tuned Harmonically Mode-Locked Fiber Optical Parametric Oscillator, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. . 2010, 22: 580-582.

Yang S. , Xu X. , Zhou Y. , Cheung K.Y. and Wong K.K.Y. , Low threshold, continuous-wave single-longitudinal-mode fiber optical parametric oscillator, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. . 2009, 21: 1870-1872.

Yang S. , Cheung K.Y. , Xu X. , Zhou Y. and Wong K.K.Y. , Tunable Single-Longitudinal-Mode Fiber Optical Parametric Oscillator with Saturable-Absorber-Based Auto-Tracking Filter, Opt. Fiber Comm. Conf. . 2010.

Yang S. , Zhou Y. , Cheung K.Y. , Chui P.C. and Wong K.K.Y. , Tunable single-longitudinal-mode fiber optical parametric oscillator, Opt. Lett. . 2010, 35: 481-483.

Zhou Y. , Cheung K.Y. , Yang S. , Chui P.C. and Wong K.K.Y. , A Simple 10-GHz Picosecond Pulse Source Based on Fiber Optical Parametric Oscillator, Optoelectronics and Comm. Conf. . 2009.

Zhou Y. , Cheung K.Y. , Yang S. , Chui P.C. and Wong K.K.Y. , A Time-Dispersion-Tuned Picosecond Fiber Optical Parametric Oscillator, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. . 2009, 21: 1223-1225.

Zhou Y. , Cheung K.Y. , Chui P.C. and Wong K.K.Y. , Experimental demonstration of fiber optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification, Photonics West . 2010.

Zhou Y. , Cheung K.Y. , Yang S. , Chui P.C. and Wong K.K.Y. , Picosecond Fiber Optical Parametric Oscillator with 500 nm Tuning Range Using Dispersion-Shifted Fiber, Opt. Fiber Comm. Conf. . 2010.

Zhou Y. , Li Q. , Cheung K.Y. , Yang S. , Chui P.C. and Wong K.K.Y. , Subpicosecond Fiber Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplifier Based on Highly-Nonlinear Fiber, Conf. on Lasers & Electro-Optics . 2010.

Zhou Y. , Cheung K.Y. , Yang S. , Chui P.C. and Wong K.K.Y. , Wavelength-Tunable Nearly-Transform-Limited Pulse Genera tion Based on Fiber Optical Parametric Oscillator, European Conf. on Optical Communications . 2009.

Zhou Y. , Kuo P.P. , Cheung K.Y. , Yang S. , Chui P.C. and Wong K.K.Y. , Wide-Band Generation of Picosecond Pulse Using Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifier and Oscillator, IEEE J. Quant. Elect. . 2009, 45: 1350-1356.

Researcher : Cheung KYH

List of Research Outputs

Shen M. , Cheung K.Y.H. , Fung W.L. and Wong K.K.Y. , A Comprehensive Study on the Dynamic Range of Wavelength Exchange and Its Impact on Exchanged Signal Performance, IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. . 2009, 27: 2707-2716.

Researcher : Cheung MHM

List of Research Outputs

Wu E.X. , Cheung M.H.M . , Cheung S.C. , Xiao L., Chow M.K.A. and Chan K.W., Diffusion-weighted balanced SSFP (DW-bSSFP): A new approach to diffusion tensor imaging, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4003.

Wu E.X. , Xing K. , Chan C.W. and Cheung M.H.M. , Functional MRI Study of the Visual System Development in Rodent Model, Proceedings of the 4th WACBE World Congress on Bioengi neering . Hong Kong, 2009, 102.

Wu E.X. , Chan C.W. , Xing K.K. and Cheung M.H.M. , Functional MRI of postnatal visual development in no rmal and hypoxic-ischemic injured rat brains, 2009 BMES (Biomedical Engineering Society) Annual Fall Meeting . Pittsburgh, 2009, accepted.

Wu E.X. , Chan C.W. , Xing K. , Cheung M.H.M. and Zhou Y. , Functional MRI of postnatal visual development in normal rat superior colliculi, 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS) . Minneapolis, 2009, 4436-4439.

Wu E.X. , Chan C.W. and Cheung M.H.M. , Functional MRI of substantia nigra upon visual flash illumination, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 3542.

Wu E.X. , Cheung M.H.M. , Li D.T.H., Hui E.S., Fan S. , Ding A.Y. and Hu Y., In vivo diffusion tensor imaging of chronic spinal cord compression in rat model, 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS) . Minneapolis, 2009, 2715-2718.

Wu E.X. and Cheung M.H.M. , Optimization of B-value in DTI- a Rat Brain Maturatio n Study, Proceedings of the 4th WACBE World Congress on Bioengineering . Hong Kong, 2009, 151.

Researcher : Cheung PYS

Project Title:	A noninvasive method to estimate variation of blood glucose levels using metabolic measurements
Investigator(s):	Cheung PYS, Lam KSL, Tso AWK, Chang C
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Innovation and Technology Support Programme (Tier 3)
Start Date:	10/2007

Abstract:

There are two main project objectives: 1) based on the work developed so far, implement a suitable measurement system that can estimate the blood glucose level based on the metabolic model and parameters that we have devleoped and; 2) collect and analyse data from at least 200 patients, including those suffer from type 2 diabetes, thyroid and other related metabolic diseases using the measurement system, and compare the accuracy and robustness of the methodology with invasive methods used in our Diabetes Centre.

List of Research Outputs

Cheung P.Y.S. , Fish and Bear Paw - A Reflection on the Role of Technology Transfer in University, Knowledge Transfer Luncheon Talk at HKU . 2010.

Cheung P.Y.S. , Invigoration or Suffocation: Coping with Changes in Technology, The Housing Authority . 2010.

Cheung P.Y.S. , New Technologies for New Business Model, MIT Li & Fung Leadership Program . 2010.

Cheung P.Y.S. , The Making of an Innovative Nation - The Case of Chin a, Oxford University . 2010.

Liang J. , Li G., Yang E.S. and Cheung P.Y.S. , In vivo monitoring of Ca2+ excitation in mouse skeletal muscle during acupuncture, World Molecular Imaging Congress . 2009, 527.

Yu A.C.H. , Yiu Y.S. , Tsang K.H. and Cheung P.Y.S. , Towards integrative learning in biomedical engineering: a project course on electrocardiogram monitor design, ASEE-IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference . 2009, T4J-1265.

Researcher : Cheung SC

List of Research Outputs

Wu E.X. , Kim D., Jensen J., Cheung S.C. , Feng L., Ha S.Y., Au W.Y., Sheth S. and Brittenham G.M., A breath-hold R2 mapping pulse sequence detects an increase in myocardial ferritin iron after a one-week cessation of iron chelation, Society of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 13th Annual Scientific Sessions . Phoenix, Arizona, 2010.

Wu E.X. , Cheung S.C. , Fan S. , Gao D.S. and Man K., Diffusion tensor imaging of liver fibrosis in an experimental model, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4637.

Wu E.X. , Cheung M.H.M. , Cheung S.C. , Xiao L., Chow M.K.A. and Chan K.W., Diffusion-weighted balanced SSFP (DW-bSSFP): A new approach to diffusion tensor imaging, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4003.

Wu E.X. , Chow M.K.A. and Cheung S.C. , Enhancement of Gas-filled Microbubble Magnetic Susceptibility by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Proceedings of the 4th WACBE World Congress on Bi oengineering . Hong Kong, 2009, 104.

Wu E.X. , Chow M.K.A. , Chan K.W.Y. and Cheung S.C. , Enhancement of gas-filled microbubble R2* by iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . 2010, 63: 224-229.

Wu E.X. , Chow M.K.A. and Cheung S.C. , Gas-filled microbubbles – a novel susceptibility contrast agent for brain and liver MRI, 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS) . Minneapolis, 2009, 4049-4052.

Wu E.X. , Cheung S.C. , Fan S. , Chow M.K.A. and Hui S.K. , In vivo DTI assessment of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in an experimental model, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging . 2009, 30: 890-895.

Wu E.X. , Cheung S.C. , Fan S. , Gao D.S., Chan K.W., Chow M.K.A. and Man K., In vivo proton MRS of liver in an experimental liver fibrosis model, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magneti c Resonance in . Stockholm, 2010, 4733.

Wu E.X. , Cheung S.C. , Fan S. and Chow M.K.A. , MRI Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rat Kidney, Proceedings of the 4th WACBE World Congress on Bioengineering . Hong Kong, 2009, 83.

Wu E.X. , Gao D.S., Tan M., Cheung S.C. , Chow M.K.A. , Fan S. , Chan K.W., Man K. and Lu Z.R., MRI of liver fibrosis by fibrin-fibronectin targeted contrast agent, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 258.

Wu E.X. , Guo H. , Chow A.M.K. and Cheung S.C. , Microbubbles as a novel contrast agent for brain MRI, Neuroimage . 2009, 46: 658-664.

Wu E.X. , Cheung S.C. , Au W.Y., Ha S.Y., Jensen J.H., Kim D., Ding A.Y., Zhou Y. , Guo H., Brown T.R., Chu W.C., Rasalkar D.D., Khong P.L. and Brittenham G.M., Monitoring iron chelation effect in hearts of thalassaemia patients with improved sensitivity using reduced transvers e relaxation rate (RR2), 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magn etic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 3660.

Wu E.X. , Guo H. , Au W.Y., Cheung S.C. , Kim D., Jensen J.H., Khong P.L. , Chang K.C., Chan Q., Tosti C., Tang H., Brown T.R., Lam W.W.M., Ha S.Y. and Brittenham G.M., Myocardial T2 quantitation in patients with thalassaemia major at 3 Tesla, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging . 2009, 23: 394-400.

Wu E.X. , Guo H. , Leung J.C.K., Cheung S.C. , Chan L.Y.Y., Lam M.F., Lan H.Y. and Lai K.N., Non-viral Smad7 gene delivery attenuates postoperative peritoneal adhesion in an experimental model, British Journal of Surgery . 2009, 96: 1323-1335.

Wu E.X. , Chow M.K.A. , Chan K.W., Fan S. and Cheung S.C. , Proton MRS of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in an experimental rat model, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4581.

Wu E.X. , Man K., Ng K.T.P., Xu A., Cheng Q., Lo C.M., Xiao J.W., Sun B.S., Lim Z.X.H., Cheung S.C. , Sun C.K.W., Poon R.T.P. and Fan S.T., Suppression of liver tumor growth and metastasis by adiponectin in nude mice through inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and down-regulation of ROCK/IP10/MMP9 signaling, Clinical Cancer Research . 2010, 16: 967-977.

Researcher : Cheung SC

List of Research Outputs

Wu E.X. , Cheung S.C. , Fan S. , Gao D.S. and Man K., Diffusion tensor imaging of liver fibrosis in an experimen tal model, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4637.

Wu E.X. , Chow M.K.A. and Cheung S.C. , Enhancement of Gas-filled Microbubble Magnetic Susceptib ility by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Proceedings of the 4th WACBE World Congress on Bioengineering . Hong Kong, 2009, 104.

Wu E.X. , Chow M.K.A. , Chan K.W.Y. and Cheung S.C. , Enhancement of gas-filled microbubble R2* by iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . 2010, 63: 224-229.

Wu E.X. , Guo H. , Chow A.M.K. and Cheung S.C. , Microbubbles as a novel contrast agent for brain MRI, Neuroimage . 2009, 46: 658-664.

Wu E.X. , Cheung S.C. , Au W.Y., Ha S.Y., Jensen J.H., Kim D., Ding A.Y. , Zhou Y. , Guo H., Brown T.R., Chu W.C., Rasalkar D.D., Khong P.L. and Brittenham G.M., Monitoring iron chelation effect in hearts of thalassaem ia patients with improved sensitivity using reduced transverse relaxation rate (RR2), 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 3660.

Researcher : Cheung SW

Project Title:	Estimation and tracking of RF high power amplifies characteristics for broadband radio communications systems
Investigator(s):	Cheung SW
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	01/2005

Abstract:

The objective of the project is to develop a algo rithm to estimate and track the nonlinear characteristics of RF high power for broadband radio communmication systems.

Project Title:	An Nth-order quadrature predistorte r for base-station high-power amplifiers (HPAs) of wireless communications systems
Investigator(s):	Cheung SW
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	06/2009
Completion Date:	12/2009

Abstract:

The current mobile radio systems such as the GSM-ED GE, CDMA (IS-95). WCDMA, CDMA2000 and WiMax require the radio-frequency high power amplifiers (RF HPAs) in the base stations to be broadband and have linear amplification. However, due to the inherent nature of RF HPAs (even with class-A or class-AB configurations), the amplificat ion processes in terms of AM-AM conversion and AM-PM conversion, are always nonlinear, so some sorts of linearization techniques need to be used in the base station HPAs of these mobile systems. Analog RF predistortion is simple, low cost to implement and having a much wider bandwidth, so it is more suitable than digital predistor tion for base station HPAs. The basic principle of RF predistortion is rather simple. A RF predistorter has a distortion characteristic complementary to that of the RF HPA [1, 2]. It can be implemented by generating either the harmonic-frequency signals [1, 3, 4] or the inband intermodulating (IM) products [5-9]. The generated signals are then added to the original signal before feeding to the input of the HPA for amplification. The harmonic-frequency technique has an advantage of low insertion loss [4], but the high-order harmonic-frequency signals generated may have the frequencies higher than the bandwidth of the HPA and so are blocked by the HPA, making the technique less useful for high frequency systems. In the difference-frequency technique, inba nd intermoduation (IM) products with low frequencies are generated, so the technique does not have the problem that the harmonic-frequency technique has. In general, there are two ways to generate the inband IM products, i.e. using the difference-frequency signal or the sum-freque ncy signal, for HPA predistortion [5, 6]. In [5], a diode was used as a nonlinear device to generate the difference-frequency signal. However, for HPAs operating in the microwave frequency band, the difference-frequency signal will be out of the HPA operation frequency band and thus blocked. In [6], two wideband double-balanced mixers capable of operating at twice of the maximum frequency were used to generate the sum-frequency signal in order to generate the IM3 signals. But it is not easy to handle signals with such high frequency, particularly when generating the IM products with higher orders for intermodulation distortion (IMD) products cancellation. In this study, we propose a high nonlinearity generator which can be constructed using diodes in simple mixer configurations. This method has an advantage of simplicity to extend to arbitrary order of nonlinearity with similar hardware. Moreover the generated low difference-freque ncy signals make the practical circuit implementation easier because of the low parasitic effects. We also propose to use a quadrature predistorter which is based on a complex polynomial model, so that is able to compensate for both the AM-AM and AM-PM HPA nonlinearities independe ntly.

Project Title:	Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference 2009 UWB Antenna with Single or Dual Band-Notched Characteristic for WLAN Band using Meandered Ground Stubs
Investigator(s):	Cheung SW
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff
Start Date:	11/2009
Completion Date:	11/2009

Abstract:

N/A

Project Title:	Smart Antenna Based on Composite Right/Left Handed Transmission Line (CRLH-TL) for UWB Applications
Investigator(s):	Cheung SW
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	05/2010
Completion Date:	11/2010

Abstract:

In 2002, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the US authorised the unlicensed use of the Ultra-Wideband (UWB) in the range of 3.1 to 10.l6 GHz with the power spectral density emission limit of -41.3 dBm/MHz [1]. Since then, industry and academia have put in tremendous efforts on researches to study, design and develop planar antennas for use in UWB communications systems. UWB technology is believed to hold great pro mise for a wide range of new applications that will provide significant benefits for public safety, businesses and consumers. These applications include short-range access technologies for wireless local area network (WLAN), wireless personal area network, radar and detector, etc. UWB has the advantages of high data rates (more than 1 Gb/s) and easy connections among a large numbe r of multimedia devices such as laptop/desktop PCs, mobile handsets, laptops and wearable bio-medical sensors etc. In all these applications, the UWB antennas need to be low cost and small enough to be embedded into the wireless devices. Among many technologies, planar design in which the antenna can be printed onto a piece of printed circuit board (PCB) is one of the possible options to satisfy these requirments for small UWB antennas. As the demands for better quality of service and higher capacity increase, wireless communi ation systems must be designed to overcome multipath fading and interference to ensure reliable communication. The trend towards using small size and low power wireless devices increases the challenges. Phased array is a group of antenna elements in which the phases of the signals feeding the individual antenna elements are varied so that the radiation pattern of the array is reinforced in a desired direction and suppressed in undesired directions. Smart anttenna systems based on phase arrays can be used to improve the reliability and capacity of wireless systems and can be categorized into two major types, the switching beam and adaptive array [2]. The switching beam uses a phased array to form a finite number of fixed, prefined patterns or combining strategies. The antenna systems use the signal strengths received from these predetrmined beams and select the one with the strongest signal strength. It switches from one beam to another as the mobile moves and keep selecting the beam with the strongest signal strength. While the adaptive array employs an infinite number of patterns that are adjustable in real time and is the most advanced smart antenna tech nology to date. Adpative systems attempt not only to increase the received signal strength, but also identify, track and minimize the interfering signals. A smart antenna is therefore a phased or adaptive array that adjusts to the environment. That is, for the phased array, an antenna beam is selected as the desired user moves; for the adaptive array, the beam pattern changes as the desired user moves and the interference changes. An antenna array implemented by using more than one antenna elements spatially arranged. The electrical interconnection between elements, called the feed network, can be used to provide fixed phases to the elements and hence produce a directional radiation pattern. Phase shifter is therefore an essential component for implementation of the feed network in smart antenna systems. Digital phase shifters are more immune to noise on their voltage control li nes and getting more popular. In digital phase shifters, phase shift is usually obtained by switching between two transmission lines of different lengths or between lumped-element low-pass and high-pass filters. Usually solid-state devices such as PIN diodes are used to implement the switches in these phase shifters, and the power-handling capacities of the phase shifters are limited by the low power-handling capacities of the solid-state switches. However, the instantaneous power-handling capacity of a typical PIN diode is only about 5W, so phase shifters using PIN diodes as swit ches will have a low power-handling capacity of about this value. Moreover, if these types of digital phase shifters are used to construct an n-bit phase shifter, phase shifters designed to have different phase shifts are needed to be cascaded together to provide the required phase shifts. This undoubtedly increases the physical size and insertion loss. The concept of metamaterials, commonely known as left-handed materials (LHMs), was first invesitgated by Veselago in 1968 [3]. Metamaterials have negative permittivity and permeability which are not commonly found in nature. The properties of LMHs promised for a large diversity of novel applications and devices. However, LMHs did not attract much attenti on until it was found that the materials could be realised using a general transmission line approach (TL) [4]. Practical LHMs also have the right-handed (RH) effects, so LHMs realized using TL are called composite right/left handed transmission lines (CRLH TLs). CRLH TL can be used to design many different microwave components such as phase shifters, antennas and bandpass filter s, etc. Since phase shifters and antenna elements can be fabricated on the same sustrate using planar technology, in this research, we propose to use the CRLH TL to design smart antenna systems for UWB applications. Due to the small size of the CRLH TL, the smart antenna system will be are very compact and low cost. Thus the objectives of the research are: i. to design compact phase shifters using CRLH TL and planar technol ogy with simple structures, large bandwidths, high power handling capacities and low insertion losses; ii. to design compact UWB antenna arrays using planar technology for switching beams and adaptive arrays for use in UWB applications; iii. to design feed networks for UWB antenna arrays obtained in ii); and iv. to compare the performances, in terms of size, beamwidth and cost of switching beam and adaptive arrays in UWM applications. In this research, the investigations for the CELH TL will be carried out by analysis, simulation using the circult simulation tool ADS, and measurment using a Vector Network Analyzer. While the investigation for the ant enna arrays will be by simulation using the EM simulation tool CST Microwave and measurements in an anechoc chamber. In the process of invstigation, it is confident that new ideas will be generated to reduce the sizes of smart antenna systems for wireless communications.

List of Research Outputs

Dai X. , Cheung S.W. and Yuk T.T.I. , A Fast-Decodable Code Structure for Linear Dispersion Codes, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications . 2009, 8, Issue 9: 4417 - 4420.

Dai X. , Cheung S.W. and Yuk T.T.I. , Linear Dispersion Code with an Orthogonal Row Structure for Simplifying Sphere Decoding, 20th IEEE International Symposium On Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC2009), 13-16 September 2009, Tokyo, Japan . 2009.

Shao Z. , Cheung S.W. and Yuk T.T.I. , A Semi-definite Relaxation Decoder for 256-QAM MIMO System, IET Electronics Letter . 2010.

Weng Y. , Cheung S.W. and Yuk T.T.I. , An Antenna For UWB and Bluetooth Standards with Band-Notched Characteristic, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB), 9-11 September 2009, Vancouver, Canada. . 2009.

Weng Y. , Lu W. .J., Cheung S.W. and Yuk T.T.I. , UWB Antenna with Single or Dual-Band Notched Characteristic for WLAN Band using Meandered Ground Stubs, 2009 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference, 16-17 November 2009, Loughborough, UK. . 2009.

Xiao M. , Cheung S.W. and Yuk T.T.I. , "Design for A Linear Voltage-controlled 360°-Analogue Phase Shifter" , Microwave and Optical Technology Letters . 2010.

Xiao M. , Cheung S.W. , Yuk T.T.I. , Yuk T.T.I. and Yuk T.T.I. , A C-band Wideband 360° Analogue Phase Shifter Design, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters . 2010, 52, Issue 2: 355 - 359.

Xiao M. , Cheung S.W. and Yuk T.T.I. , A Simple Mixer for Generating the 3rd-Order Intermodulation Products Used for HPA Predistortion, 9th International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems (ISSCS 2009), 9-10 July 2009, Romania . 2009.

Xiao M. , Cheung S.W. and Yuk T.T.I. , An RF Predistorter for Base Station HPAs of NADC System, 20th IEEE International Symposium On Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC2009), 13-16 September 2009, Tokyo, Japan. . 2009.

Xiao M. , Cheung S.W. and Yuk T.T.I. , Ultra-Wideband Antenna Using CPW Resonators for Dual-Band Notched Characteristic, 2009 International Conference on Wireless Communic ations & Signal Processing, 13-15 Nov 2009, Nanjing, China . 2009.

Zhang J. , Cheung S.W. and Yuk T.T.I. , Design of n-bit digital phase shifter using a single CRLH TL unit cell, IET Electronics Letters . 2010.

Researcher : Cheung YS

Project Title:	A noninvasive method to estimate variation of blood glucose levels using metabolic measurements
Investigator(s):	Cheung PYS, Lam KSL, Tso AWK, Chang C
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Innovation and Technology Support Programme (Tier 3)
Start Date:	10/2007

Abstract:

List of Research Outputs

Researcher : Chitkara P

List of Research Outputs

Chitkara P. and Zhong J. , Equilibrium Analysis in Imperfect Traders’ and GenCos’ Market, IEEE PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition . New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S., 2010.

Chitkara P. , Zhong J. and Bhattacharya K., Oligopolistic Competition of GenCos in Reactive Power Ancillary Service Provisions, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems . 2009, 24: 1256-1265.

Researcher : Chiu CT

List of Research Outputs

Tsang K.H. , Yiu Y.S. , Cheung K.H. , Chiu C.T. , Cheung C.C.P. and Yu A.C.H. , Design of a multi-channel pre-beamform data acquisition system for an ultrasound research scanner, IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium . 2009, 1840-1843.

Researcher : Choi HW

Project Title:	Colour Tunable Light Emitting Diodes
Investigator(s):	Choi HW
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Small Project Funding
Start Date:	11/2007

Abstract:

Gallium Nitride (GaN) has been recognized as the most promising semiconductor material for visible and ultraviolet optoelectronic devices. Extensive research on GaN and its alloys AlGaN and InGaN has been conducted in research labs and R&D departments in the past decade, and many GaN-based products, such as blue and green LEDs, are now standard electronic components in many electrical appliances. Newer products, including high-power white-light LEDs with luminous efficiencies of over 100 lumens/ watts for illumination, and violet laser diodes for high-density DVDs are expected to flood the market shortly. While previous studies have tended to focus on devices with single-wavelength or colour emission (LEDs are, after all, monochromatic light sources after all), there is great potential in making solid-state devices that are wavelength tunable. The availability of such devices would enable a wider range of LED-based devices to be devloped, including desktop-sized displays, mood-lighting, and a diverse range of applications that require colour changeable light sources. The concept of this project originates from the principle behind white-light generating LEDs: the generation of broadband light from a monochromatic light source. In such devices, a monochromatic LED, typically emitting in the near-UV to blue region is used to excite luminescence in colour conversion agents to produce emission at longer wavelengths. The resultant spectrum consists of components over a wide range of wavelengths, a colour perceived as white by the human eye. Although white light contains a continuous range of colours when dispersed off a prism, colours from just three areas of the spectrum can be mixed to form any other colour, including white. These three regions are red, green and blue, also termed primary colours. Therefore, the concept of a colour tunable LED can be implemented if an LED contains red, green and blue light emitting regions, and that the intensities of the RGB emitting components are continuously and individually variable. The implementation of such an idea can be achieved through the micro-light-emitting diode concept, whereby the active region of the LED is sectioned into multiple micrometer-scaled regions, also called pixels. Colour conversion elements are introduced onto each of these pixels. We use fluorescent microspheres as colour conversion agents in this proje ct (patent pending), a technique developed in our group, which have been demonstrated to have luminous conversion efficiency of over 40%. As a result, each pixel will emit at a different wavelength according to the type of fluorescent microspheres coated. Since each pixel is of micrometer-scale, the overall output appears optically mixed as the dimensions of the pixels are beyond the resolution limit of the unaided human eye . Pixels with the same colour of emission are interconnected via metal lines. By varying the intensity of the blue, green and red emitting regions by varying the bias voltage to the three cathodes of the device, the output wavelength (colour) can be continuously tuned. For example, if we apply a bias voltage to the red cathode only, the red pixels will light up and the overall device will emit red colour. However, if both the red and blue cathodes are connected to a supply voltage, both the blue and red elements will be illuminated and the overall device will appear purple due to colour mixing at the micro-scale level. The main objectives of this project are to produce 2 types of wavelength tunable devices, to characterize their spectral character istics fully, and to make use of these devices in various display and illumination applications. To be more precise, the objectives are: (a) To realize an LED whereby the colour can be changed across the visible spectrum. The LED will be designed such that the R, G and B components can be selectively turned on or off, and that their intensities are continuously variable, to produce an optically mixed output which emits colo urs spanning almost the entire visible spectrum. (b) To produce a white light LED whose colour temperature is user-adjustable. In this implementation, all the RGB pixels will be illuminated all the time. These RGB pixels produce optically mixed white light. However, the intensities of the RGB components can be tuned to alter their relative weightings, so that the colour temperature of the white light device is also varied. Such a device will be able to offer a “warm” light output or a “cool” light output depending on the likes of the user. The result of this project is the creation of a whole new class of light emitting products, opening up new possibilities in the fields of imaging displays and solid state lighting alike.

Project Title:	Feasibility Study on Manufacturing of Discrete White-Light LEDs
Investigator(s):	Choi HW
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Inntools Manufacturing (China) Co. Ltd. - General Award
Start Date:	03/2008

Abstract:

This statement of work ("SOW") defines the scope of work and deliverables that Versitech Limited (Versite ch) by procuring the expertise of Dr Choi Hoi Wai of the Dept of Electrical & Electronic Engineerign (the "Consultant") of the University of Hong Kong (HKU) shall provide to Inntools Manufacturing (China) Co Ltd (the Client) in conducting a feasibility study on manufacturing of discrete white-light LEDs (the service).

Project Title:	Self-assembled metallic nanoparticle array by nanosphere lithography
Investigator(s):	Choi HW
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	04/2009
Completion Date:	03/2010

Abstract:

Plasmons are the collective oscillations of free electrons induced by an electromagnetic (EM) wave. When these oscillations are localized at the planar interface between a metal and a dielectric, they are known as surface plasmons (SPs). With recent advance s in nanotechnology, SPs can now be confined to the surface of metallic nanoparticles. These are often known as localized surface plasmons (LSPs). The advantage of LSPs over SPs is that LSPs do not require any special geometry for excitation. Another attractive feature of LSPs is that the electric field strength near the nanoparticle surface is significantly enhanced. Such local field enhancement can be exploited to improve the efficiency of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Such enhancement, however, is wavelength dependent. There is a resonance wavelength associated with metallic nanoparticles, which is dependent on the size, geometry as well as the type of metal. In order to produce regular ar-rays of metallic nanoparticles, nano-patterning techniques including electron beam lithography (EBL) and na-noimprint lithography (NIL) have been used. Self-assembly methods have also been demonstrated. Yeh et al. formed Ag nanostructures through the depositi on of a thin layer of Ag followed by thermal annealing. Although the thickness of the Ag thin film can be readily controlled, the dimensions of nanoparticles are random in general. It is still a challenge in obtaining a regular array of nanoparticles over a large region using low-cost self-assembly techniques. In this proposal we aim at developing a method to produce large arrays of metallic nanoparticles using the low-cost and serial technique of microsphere lithography. The advantage of this technique is that the microspheres can be prepared with precise diameters and arranged in a regular, close-packed array. This allows for relatively easy control over the dimensions of nanoparticles and the cor-responding resonance wavelength. Regular ordering of nanoparticles also helps to provide a strong coupling of the LSPs among neighbouring nanoparticles. Another advan-tage is that the cost associated with microsphere lithogra-phy is significantly lower compared with conventional na-nofabrication techniques, including EBL and NIL. Only a small amount of microsphere solution is needed for coat-ing each sample, using basic laborato ry apparatus. The metallic nanoparticles will be coated on visible wavelength light emitting materials. The nanoparticle array can potentially improve the light extraction efficiencies of emissive devices. In summary, the objective of this projects are: (1) Development of a self-assebmly method for the formation of metallic nanoparticle array (2) Characterization of the optical properties of the metallic nanoparticle array (3) Explore the potential of using metallic nanoparticle arrays for improving the performance of emissive optoelectronic devices

Project Title:	Color-tunable White Light-emitting Diodes
Investigator(s):	Choi HW, Lai PT
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Innovation and Technology Support Programme (Tier 3)
Start Date:	10/2009

Abstract:

(a) To realize an LED whereby the colour can be changed across the visible spectrum. (b) To produce a white light LED whose colour temperature is user-adjustable. (c) To demonstrate the functionality of colour-tunable LEDs.

Project Title:	Nanophotonic Emissive Devices
Investigator(s):	Choi HW
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	General Research Fund (GRF)
Start Date:	10/2009

Abstract:

1) Design of novel photonic crystal and photonic bandgap structures based on nanosphere lithography: To design photonic crystal structures that can be fabricated using the technique of nanosphere lithography. The photonic crystals are designed to possess a photonic bandgap that is tuned to the emission wavelengths of GaN-based LEDs in the visible spectral region, typical ly between 400 nm to 550 nm; 2) Design and fabrication of high-performance GaN-based LED structures incorporating photonic crystal and photonic bandgap structures as designed in objective 1: The purpose of the photonic bandgap structure is to enhance the efficiency of the LED. Internal and external quantum efficiencies are both expected to be enhanced, due to strain relaxation of nanostructured InGaN/GaN quantum wells, increased spontaneous emission by virtue of the Purcell effect , and improved light extraction through the nanostructured photonic crystal respectively; 3) Verification of the mechanisms contributing to performance enhancement: there are several factors which may contribute to enhanced optical output from an LED, as mentioned in objective 2. Through optical spectroscopy (such as injection-cur rent-dependent electroluminescence) and Raman spectroscopy amongst others, the exact mechanisms can be identified.

Project Title:	Color-tunable White Light-emitting Diodes
Investigator(s):	Choi HW
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Innovation and Technology Fund Internship Programme
Start Date:	10/2009

Abstract:

Project Title:	Color-tunable White Light-emitting Diodes
Investigator(s):	Choi HW
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Innovation and Technology Fund Internship Programme
Start Date:	10/2009

Abstract:

(a) To realize an LED whereby the colour can be changed across the visible spectrum. (b) To produce a white light LED whose colour temperature is user-adjus table. (c) To demonstrate the functionality of colour-tunable LEDs.

Project Title:	8th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors Failure Analysis of InGaN/GaN LEDs with Emission Wavelength between 440 nm and 550 nm
Investigator(s):	Choi HW
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff
Start Date:	10/2009
Completion Date:	10/2009

Abstract:

N/A

Project Title:	Geometrical Effects on Performance of Light-emitting Diodes
Investigator(s):	Choi HW
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	03/2010

Abstract:

quantum well structures within an InGaN light-emitting diode (LED) have now been optimized to offer internal quantum efficiencies exceeding 70%, enabling widespread adaptation of LED products across a wide range of mar kets, including full-color panel displays, liquid-crystal display (LCD) backlighting and solid-state lighting amongst others. Nevertheless, the potential of LED emitter has yet to be fully unleashed due to limited light extraction efficiency. The large refractive index difference between nitride material (nGaN = 2.585) and air, giving rise to total internal reflection at the interfaces, is the major cause for the lower-than-expe cted external quantum efficiency. The refractive index difference n of 0.8 between GaN and sapphire results in a further ~24% of light being trapped within the sapphire substrate . Many solutions have been proposed and adopted to alleviate these issues, such as surface texturing, photonic crystals, and geometrical chip-shaping. The first two approaches deals with light that passes through the top surface of the chip. However, a significant portion of light is extracted from the sidewalls of the sapphire substrate; careful design of the overall chip geometry can effectively boost the light extraction efficiency, and modify the emission pattern. Conventional chip separation techn iques such as dicing by diamond saw results in chips of cuboid geometry with a Lambertian emission pattern. Light extraction efficiency associated with this structure is often less than 20%.

List of Research Outputs

Chen G. , Choi H.W. and Lai P.T. , A Study on InGaN/GaN Multiple Quantum-Well Hydrogen Sensor with HfTiO as Gate Dielectric, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on EDSSC . Xian, China, 2009.

Chen Q. , Choi H.W. and Wong N. , Robust Simulation Methodology for Surface Roughness Loss in Interconnect and Package Modelings, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits And Systems . 2009, 28: 1654-1665.

Chen R., Sun H.D., Wang T., Hui K.N. and Choi H.W. , Optically-pumped Ultraviolet Lasing from Nitride Nanopillars at Room Temperature, Applied Physics Letters . 2010, 96: 214410.

Choi H.W. , Feasibility Study on Vertically-stacked Color-tunable LEDs, 2010.

Choi H.W. , Nanostructured Nitride Light Emitting Diodes, In: N.P. Chen, Handbook of Light Emitting and Schottky Diode . 2009.

Dawson M.D. and Choi H.W. , Micro-LEDs, 2009.

Fu W.Y. , Wong K.K.Y. and Choi H.W. , Closed-packed Hemi-ellipsoid Arrays: A Photonic Bandga p Structure Patterned by Nanosphere Lithography, Applied Physics Letters . 2009.

Fu W.Y. , Hui K.N. , Wang X. , Wong K.K.Y. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Geometrical Shaping of InGaN Light-emitting Diodes by Laser Micromachining, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters . 2009, vol: 21; issue: 15: 1078.

Fu W.Y. , Wong K.K.Y. and Choi H.W. , Hemi-ellipsoid Photonic Crystal Structure for Light Extraction, 8th International Conference on Nitride Semiconduc tors . 2009.

Fu W.Y. and Choi H.W. , Nanosphere Lithography for Nitride Semiconductors, In: Michael Wang, Lithography . In-Tech, 2010.

Fu W.Y. , Wong K.K.Y. and Choi H.W. , Room Temperature Photonic Crystal Band-edge Lasing from Nanopillar Array on GaN patterned by Nanosphere Lithography, Journal of Applied Physics . 2010, 107: 063104.

Fu W.Y. , Wong K.K.Y. and Choi H.W. , Room-temperature lasing from an array of GaN nano-tips, 8th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors . 2009.

Hui K.N. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , RGB Stacked White LEDs, 2nd International Conference on White LEDs and Solid State Lighting . 2009.

Li Z. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , A Reliability Study on Green InGaN/GaN Light-emitting Diodes, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters . 2009.

Li Z. , Tripathy S., Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Effect of Indium Content on Performance and Reliability of InGaN/GaN Light-emitting Diodes, Journal of Applied Physics . 2009, 106: 094507.

Li Z. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Failure Analysis of InGaN/GaN LEDs with Emission Wavelength between 440 nm and 550 nm, 8th International Conference on Nitride Semiconduc tors . 2009.

Li Z. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Reliability Study on Green InGaN/GaN Light-emitting Diodes, Journal of Physics: Conference Series . 2010, 209: 012065.

Mak Y.H.G. , Lam E.Y.M. and Choi H.W. , Deep Etch of GaN by Laser Micromachining, 8th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductor s . 2009.

Mak Y.H.G. , Lam E.Y.M. and Choi H.W. , Deep etch of GaN by laser micromachining, International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors . 2009.

Mak Y.H.G. , Lam E.Y.M. and Choi H.W. , Precision laser micromachining of trenches in GaN on sapphire, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B . 2010, 28: 380–385.

Wang X. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Design and Performance of LEDs with Circular Geometry, 8th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors . Jeju, Korea, 2009.

Wang X. , Fu W.Y. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Evaluation of InGaN/GaN Light-emitting Diodes of Circul ar Geometry, OSA Optics Express . 2009, 17: 22311.

Wang X. , Lam K.Y., Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Novel Polygon LEDs for Higher Light Extraction, 8th International Symposium on Semiconductor Light Emitting Devices, Beijing, China . 2010.

Wang X. , Lam K.Y., Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Novel Polygon LEDs for Higher Light Extraction, the 8th International Symposium on Semiconductor Light Emitting Devices . Beijing, China, 2010.

Zhu L. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , An ultraviolet micro-LED array and its application for microlens fabrication, 8th International Conference on Nitride Semiconduct or . 2009.

Zhu L. , Wang X. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Angular uniform white light-emitting diodes with an internal reflector cup, 2nd International Conference on White LEDs and Solid State Lighting . Taipei, Taiwan, 2009.

Zhu L. , Wang X. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Angularly-uniform White Light-emitting Diodes Using and Integrated Reflector Cup, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters . 2010, 22: 513.

Zhu L. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Vertically-mounted LEDs for Superior Light Extraction, 8th International Symposium on Semiconductor Light Emitting Devices . 2010.

Researcher : Chow AMK

List of Research Outputs

Fan S. , Chow A.M.K. , Zhang J. , Man K. and Wu E.X. , Diffusion tensor imaging of renal ischemia reperfusion injury in an experimental model, NMR in Biomedicine . 2010, 23(5): 496-502.

Wu E.X. , Guo H. , Chow A.M.K. and Cheung S.C. , Microbubbles as a novel contrast agent for brain MRI, Neuroimage . 2009, 46: 658-664.

Researcher : Chow MKA

List of Research Outputs

Wu E.X. , Cheung M.H.M. , Cheung S.C. , Xiao L., Chow M.K.A. and Chan K.W., Diffusion-weighted balanced SSFP (DW-bSSFP): A new approach to diffusion tensor imaging, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4003.

Wu E.X. , Chow M.K.A. and Cheung S.C. , Enhancement of Gas-filled Microbubble Magnetic Suscep tibility by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Proceedings of the 4th WACBE World Congress on Bioengineering . Hong Kong, 2009, 104.

Wu E.X. , Chow M.K.A. , Chan K.W.Y. and Cheung S.C. , Enhancement of gas-filled microbubble R2* by iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . 2010, 63: 224-229.

Wu E.X. , Chow M.K.A. and Cheung S.C. , Gas-filled microbubbles – a novel susceptibility contr ast agent for brain and liver MRI, 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS) . Minneapolis, 2009, 4049-4052.

Wu E.X. , Cheung S.C. , Fan S. , Chow M.K.A. and Hui S.K. , In vivo DTI assessment of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in an experimental model, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging . 2009, 30: 890-895.

Wu E.X. , Chow M.K.A. and Chan K.W., In vivo demonstration of enhancing gas-filled microbubble magnetic susceptibility with iron oxide nanoparticles, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magne tic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 698.

Wu E.X. , Cheung S.C. , Fan S. , Gao D.S., Chan K.W., Chow M.K.A. and Man K., In vivo proton MRS of liver in an experimental liver fibrosis model, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in . Stockholm, 2010, 4733.

Wu E.X. , Chan K.W. and Chow M.K.A. , Liposome-loaded microspheres as a magnetic susceptibility agent for pH sensing, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 5130.

Wu E.X. , Zhou Y. , Chow M.K.A. , Chan C.W. and Lau C., MEMRI study of mice cerebellar activation after voluntary wheel running, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4504.

Wu E.X. , Cheung S.C. , Fan S. and Chow M.K.A. , MRI Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rat Kidney, Proceedings of the 4th WACBE World Congress on Bioeng ineering . Hong Kong, 2009, 83.

Wu E.X. , Gao D.S., Tan M., Cheung S.C. , Chow M.K.A. , Fan S. , Chan K.W., Man K. and Lu Z.R., MRI of liver fibrosis by fibrin-fibronectin targeted contrast agent, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 258.

Wu E.X. , Chan K.W.Y. , Chow M.K.A. , Chan C.W. and Yang J., Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain under mild hypothermia indicates changes in neuroprotection- related metabolites, Neuroscience Letters . 2010, 475: 150-155.

Wu E.X. , Zhou Y. , Chow M.K.A. and Fan S. , Manganese-enhanced MRI detection of nerula compensator y changes after neonatal monocular enulcation, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4505.

Wu E.X. , Chan K.W., Chow M.K.A. and Xiao L., Metabolite profiling of mild hypothermia by 1H-MRS. , 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4525.

Wu E.X. , Chow M.K.A. , Zhou Y. , Fan S. , Chan K.W. and Chan C.W. , Proton MRS in the late stage of neonatal hypoxia-ischem ic cerebral injury, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4527.

Wu E.X. , Chan K.W., Chow M.K.A. and Fan S. , Proton MRS of changes of lipid unsaturation during liver regeneration, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4730.

Wu E.X. , Chow M.K.A. , Chan K.W., Fan S. and Cheung S.C. , Proton MRS of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in an experimental rat model, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4581.

Wu E.X. , Chow M.K.A. , Zhou Y. , Fan S. , Chan K.W. and Chan C.W. , Taurine change in visual cortex of neonatal monocular enucleated rat: a proton MRS study, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4530.

Zhou Y. , Chow M.K.A. , Chan C.W. , Lau C. and Wu E.X. , MEMRI Study of Mice Cerebellar Activation after Voluntary Wheel Running, In: Daniel K. Sodickson, 2010 ISMRM Annual Meeting . 2010.

Researcher : Choy WCH

Project Title:	Wavelength tunable organic light emitting diodes (OLED) for high resolution color display applications
Investigator(s):	Choy WCH
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	General Research Fund (GRF)
Start Date:	01/2006

Abstract:

The main objectives of this project are: (1) Understanding the absolute optical and electrical properties of hosts and fluorescent dyes. (2) Investigating the effects of dyes. The effects of thickness of doped region and dye concentration on the emission spectrum will be primarily investigated through single fluorescent dye doped OLEDs. (3) Investigating the structures of wavelength tunable OLEDs. Two-color tunable OLEDs by doping dyes selectively in different regions of the host will be investigated with the knowledge of the hosts and dyes from previous sections.

Project Title:	Comprehensive investigation of the Purcell effect to enhance the quantum efficiency of light emission diodes for energy-saved lighting and illustration applications
Investigator(s):	Choy WCH
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	06/2008

Abstract:

While the energy crisis has become an alarming issue, there is an urgency to develop energy efficiency methodology for the utilization of the precious and limited resource. Take the USA as an example, lighti ng and illumination accounted for over 24% percentage of the electrical power consumption at presence, and is expected to continuously increase as our living standards keep rising. In this project, by introducing the Purcell effect, we aim at improving the quantum efficiency of light emitting diodes (LEDs) which has been considered as one of the emerging energy-efficient technologies for energy-saved lighting and illustration applications. The Purcell effect is known as the change of spontaneous emission (SE) rate resulting in modification of density of states and thus light emission properties. By changing the optical enviro nment of the emitter in LEDs by, for example, introducing microcavity structures and surface plasmonic resonances, we can alter the magnitude of Purcell effect and potentially improve the light emission properties. The emission properties include internal quantum efficiency (QE), QE of coupling to the external environment (hereafter named as outcoupling QE), emission spectrum and photon lifetime. However, the Purcell effect has not been properly considered in LEDs particularly organic LEDs. Meanwhile, although the models of light emission in multilayered LED structures are rigorous, most of them are inefficient. With the increased complexity of device configuration, an efficient and rigorous modeling of multilayered LEDs is desirable for optimizing device structures and providing a better physical understanding of the device. This project will develop an efficient and comprehensive model of light emission in planar multilayered LEDs taking into account the Purcell effect. The microcavity and patterned structures will also be optimized and analyzed. The Purcell effect on th e optimized multilayered structures will then be investigated experimentally particularly on organic LEDs due to the simple fabrication procedures. The overall aim of the project is to advance the field of flat and patterned LEDs and thus helps the industry to develop the energy-saved lighting and illustration products. Objectives: (1) An efficient and vigorous model for investigating the important issues in external quantum efficiency To improve the performance of multilayered LEDs, an efficient and comprehensive model will be developed to investiga te different planar layered device structures. For multilayered LEDs structures, there are few studies on the Purcell effect which will bring significant effects on the out-coupling QE and internal QE. Here, the quantum efficiencies will be theoretically studied with a full consideration of the Purcell effect and then followed by experimental investigation. (2) Proper studies of the efficiency improvement of multilayered LEDs with microcavity The microcavity effect has existed in various semiconductor and organic LED structures such as the top emission and tandem organic LEDs, which can improve the QE and color purity through proper design of the structure. With the model developed in previous section, we aim at theoretically and experimentally studying the microcavity effect on multi-layered LEDs. (3) Efficiency Enhancement of LEDs using patterned structures With the patterned structures, directivity and efficiency will be increased due to the redistribution of photons . When the pattern is made from an appropriate metal, plasmonic resonances will be generated which are distinguished from the increment of the directivity and efficiency and can be studied through the Purcell effect. All these effects will be investigated for further improving the efficiency of LEDs. With the understanding of the contributions of the microcavity and pattern str uctures on multilayered LEDs, the device layer structures will be optimized to improve the external QE.

Project Title:	Enhanced light emission of multilayered fluorescence nanoparticles by the Purcell effect
Investigator(s):	Choy WCH
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	General Research Fund (GRF)
Start Date:	01/2009

Abstract:

1. Theoretical study of semiconductor-based nanoparticles (a) The SE of nanoparticles will be described by using the classical electromagnetics taking into account the Purcell effect. The light emitter will be considered as an electric dipole. In layered structures, the TE and TM polarized transmission and reflection of the electric field radiated by the dipole will be studied at each interface with the non-local effects. (b) For fluorescence-based optoelectronic and biomedical applicati ons, QE and the change of emission spectrum are important issues. Here besides investigating the emission spectrum, we will derive the expressions of QE and the photon lifetime of the nanoparticles. (c) In the nanoparticles, particularly those with metal layers, the Purcell effect due to microcavity structures and surface plasmons will be investigated with the structural and material parameters, which is critical for optimizing the light emission properties. ***Note: As part of the evidence to show our capability to conduct the project, we have conducted the work in parts (a) and (b). Details will be discussed in sections 2(b) and 3(a) of the proposal.; 2. Potential nanoparticle structures in various media (a) The study of the Purcell effect on nanoparticles is limited but is important particularly for those with metal layers. Through the close collaborations with the co-investigators from both academic institutes and industries, the potential semiconductor-based structures will be identified and investigated with the knowledge gained in the previous part. The potential nanoparticl es will be experimentally investigated in Objective 3. (b) The light emission properties not only depend on the nanoparticle structures but also the ambient environment. The ambient material can change from polymers for optoelectr onic applications to aqueous solutions for biomedical applications. The dependences will be investigated by dispersing the nanoparticles in ambient materials with different material parameters. For example, the refractive index change of biologic tissues in a solution from 1.3 to 1.6 can cause significant change in light emission properties. Therefore, the studies here are of great importance for the many applications of nanoparticles.; 3. Conceptual demonstration of the Purcell effect on the nanoparticles Various methods have been reported for synthesizing nanoparticles with controllable core and shell dimensions. High quality nanoparticles and quantum dots are also commercially available. In our project, the semiconductor-based nanoparticles, particularl y the two or three layered structures, will be synthesized or modified from commercial products in collaborating with co-investigators. The emission spectrum and photon lifetime of the nanoparticles in different ambient environments will be studied using university’s central facilities of confocal microscope and femtosecond laser setup. The external QE of nanoparticles can be obtained after the spectrometry systems are calibrated. Meanwhile, we have derived the mathematical expressions for determining the internal QE from the photon lifetime which can simplify the characterization of quantum efficiencies. The model and expressions have been verified with our experimental results in planar structures. Since the dimensions of nanoparticles may have deviations, the characterizations above are the average properties. For detailed studies of the light emission of single nanoparticle, we will conduct the studies with our co-investigators. These diagnostics, together with the theoretical models described above, will allow a detailed physical understanding of the light emission properties due to the Purcell effect, and ultimately leading to the optimization of these properties.

Project Title:	Improving the light emission propertie s of photonic devices by surface plasmonic resonances in nanostructures
Investigator(s):	Choy WCH
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	04/2009

Abstract:

Light emitting devices with strong emission properties including high quantum efficiency, short photon lifetime and controllable emission color have been a hot research topic due to not only various daily-need applications such as light display, illustration and lighting, but also the reduction of power consumption when energy crisis has become a global issue. Here we will describe a method to enhance the light emission properties through the energy transfer between the light emitting region and surface plasmons. For most light emitting devices nowadays, metals such as Al, Ag and Au have been widely used as the contacts of the active devices. Surface plasmons are electromagnetic waves that propagate along the surface of a metal. Without a proper design of the device structure, the energy coupled to surface plasmons will become loss which is typically observed and known as emission quenching. Interestingly, with a careful design, surface plasmons can increase the photon density of states and the spontaneous emission rate in the semiconductor and thus the light emission properties. In fact, over 12 times of enhancement in the emission intensity has been reported through introducing surface plasmons into the devices. However, many studies of the surface plasmonic effects on the light emission properties have not addressed the electrica l properties of the devices and most of the results are obtained by an optical excitation. For practical applications, both the optical and electrical properties of the light emitting devices need to be considered simultaneously but detailed studies of the two issues together are limited so far. In this project, the light emission properties will be investigated and enhanced by introducing surface plasmons into the device through applying nanoscale structures. It is important to note that both the optical and electrical properties will be considered and optimized simultaneously. As a consequence, the project can provide a better physical understanding of the use of surface plasmons in light emitting devices. Such understanding is not just critical for the practical use of surface plasmons in the electrically driven devices but also important for exploring new potential applications through improving the light emission prop erties. The objectives of our proposal are described as follows: (1) Enhancement of the light emission properties by surface plasmon resonances. To improve the light emission properties, an efficient and comprehensive model will be used to investigate the surface plasmoni c resonance in the device structures. The device structure will then fabricated and characterized. It should be noted that low cost is a critical factor for the practical applications of solid state lighting devices nowadays. We will focus on designing novel and simple structures for enhancing the surface plasmon effects such as metal/oxide/metal nanoscale-thick structures and the layered structures composed of low cost metal nanoparticles. *** Note: To show our capability to manage the project, we have conducted part of the work. Some promising results have been obtained recently for enhancing the light emission properties. Details will be discussed in Section VII: Research plan and methodology. (2) Investigation of the electrical properties of the light emitting devices with surface plasmon structures Since most light emitting devices for lighting and illustration applications are electri cally driven, it is very important to investigate the electrical properties of the device structures when surface plasmons have been introduced into the devices. The performance of the hole-only driven and electron-only driven devices will be used to study the carrier conduction in the devices such that the electrical properties can be investigated. The thickness of the conduction layers of the planar layered device structures will then be designed for achieving a better hole and electron balance and thus improving the electrical properties of the devices. *** Notes: Some preliminary results have been obtained from the hybrid silver nanoparticle and organic semiconductor devices. The results show ext ra-ordinary negative differential resistance which can make the device function as a resonant tunneling diode for various applications such as memory cells and analog oscillators. Further investigation will be carried out in this project. (3) Optimization of the device performance by surface plasmonic effects through the full consideration of the optical and electrical properties. While new structures are designed for introducing surface plasmonic resonances into light emitting devices, the carrier conduction has to be considered such that electro ns and holes can recombined efficiently in the emission region for light generation. As a consequence, both the optical and electrical properties of the device will be simultaneously investigated such that the useful surface plasmonic light emitting devices can be obtained. On one hand, we will design novel structures for enhanc ing the light emission properties through surface plasmonic effects based on the knowledge gained from part (1). On the other hand, through the understanding of the conduction properties of the materials and layer thickness effects studied in part (2), we can optimize the overall device structures with the enhanced light emission properties.

Project Title:	SPIE Optics and Photonics 2009 Determination of internal quantum efficiency of OLEDs with the consideration of the Purcell effect Independently controllable stacked OLEDs with high efficiency by using semitransparent Al/oxide/Ag(Au) intermediate connecting layer
Investigator(s):	Choy WCH
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff
Start Date:	08/2009
Completion Date:	08/2009

Abstract:

N/A

Project Title:	The effects of plasmon resonance in harvesting the light absorption of thin-film solar cells
Investigator(s):	Choy WCH
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	03/2010

Abstract:

Plasmon Resonances (PRs) have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their potential applications in nanophotonics, biosensing, photovoltaics, etc. For examples, a 16-fold photocurrent enhancement has been demonstrated in silicon-based solar cells in certain wavelength regions by using randomly-distributed metallic nanoclusters. One of the remarkable PR features is that the optical cross-sections for light absorption and scattering resulting from PRs can be extremely high. This implies that the absorption and scattering can be significantly condensed in a small physical region through engineering the metallic structures together with surrounding materials, which cannot be realized by any single piece of bulk materials. However, the enhancement by PRs in solar cells is still inconclusive theoretically and experimentally. It is an opportune time to both theoretically and experimentally study the plasmon resonance for enhancing the performance of polymer based solar cells through the optical design of device structures with appropriate plasmon-resona nce metal nanostructures. Consequently, besides the contributions on realizing the practical PR enhanced polymer thin-film solar cells, this research will allow us to better understand the fundamental aspects of the physics of the plasmon resonances. We therefore can establish our reputation in the fields. Objectives 1. Experimental examining the true value of material optical functions Generally, the optical functions including the absorption coefficient and refractive index of active polymer-blends are highly dispersive. They may cause significant changes in PR properties. The true value of the optical properties of the polymer-blends plus other materials used in devices will be determined experimentally. The active polymer blends in solar cells are used for light abs orption and electron-hole generation. 2. Studying the physics of plasmon resonances Rigorous and efficient models will be developed through classical electromagnetic theory for studying PRs in multilayered polymer solar cells with metal nanostructures. With the true value of the optical functions, we will investigate the PRs modes, their field and energy distributions, and their effects on the absorption of the active polymer-blend layers and photocurrent generation. 3. Investigating the effects of randomly distributed nanoclusters mixed in polymer layers Since the light scattering can redirect the incoming light and enhance the optical path for light absorption, we would like to enhance the scattering through PRs. In this section, we will particularly investigate the optical and electrical effects of PRs generated in the polymer layers of the multilayered device structures through mixing metallic nanoclusters into the polymer blends which has the advantage of simple fabrication. 4. Investigating the effects of ordered nanoclusters at the electrodes PRs can also be introduced to the solar cells through fabricating metallic nanoclusters on electrodes through for exam ples, photolithography and laser interference. The advantages of fabricating the nanoclusters are that the patterns of the nanoclusters are ordered and well-controlled. We can therefore have a degree of freedom in designing the nanostructure patterns. In addition, we can contro l the patterns for studying the physics of the PRs and optimizing the device performance. 5. Achieving academic and research merits Besides the better understanding of the physics of PRs plus the enhanced absorption of the active polymer-blends for achieving the better performance of solar cells, we will publish our results in international journals, explore intellectual-prope rty possibilities and train research students and professionals. In addition, with the support of the funding, we can obtain useful results for preparing external research grants. *** Note: To show our capability to manage the project, we have already started to work on obje ctives (1) and (2) and obtained some preliminary results which will be discussed in the section of “Research plan and methodology”. Moreover, Dr. Choy visited Prof. Yang Yang at UCLA in the summer of 2009 and worked on optical design of polymer solar cells. We will continue our study particularly in the PRs effects on polymer solar cells through this project.

List of Research Outputs

Choy W.C.H. , (invited) The Purcell effects of nano Ag shell on the fluorescence nanoparticles, Nano China 2010 . 2009.

Choy W.C.H. , Chen X...W..., He S... and Chui P.C. , Determination of internal quantum efficiency of OLED s with the consideration of the Purcell effect, SPIE Optics and Photonics 2009 .

Choy W.C.H. and Zhang H. , Independently Controllable Stacked OLEDs with High Efficiency by using Semitransparent metal/oxide/metal Intermediate Connecting Layer, the 2009 MRS Fall Meeting . 2009.

Choy W.C.H. , Zhang H. , Dai Y...F... and Ma D...G..., Independently controllable stacked OLEDs with high efficiency by using semitransparent Al/oxide/Ag(Au) intermediate connecting layer, SPIE Optics and Photonics 2009 .

Choy W.C.H. , Optical design of layered optoelectronic devices, Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, UCLA hosted by Prof. Yang Yang . 2009.

Choy W.C.H. , Xiong S. and Sun Y...S..., The Exciton Emission of ZnSe QDs Taking into Account the QDs Interactions, the 2010 Spring Meeting . 2010.

Choy W.C.H. , Chen X...W..., He S...L... and Chui P.C. , The Purcell effect of silver nanoshell on the fluorescence of nanoparticles, SPIE Optics and Photonics 2009 .

Jin L. , Wang J., Jia S., Sang H., Deng L., Yan X., Cai Y., Lu P. and Choy W.C.H. , Twinning mediated growth of ZnSe tri- and bi-crystal nanobelts with single crystalline wurtzite nanobelts as building blocks, CrystEngComm . 2010, 12: 150-158.

Jin L. , Wang J., Jia S., Jiang Q., Sang H., Yan X., Lu P., Cai Y., Deng L. and Choy W.C.H. , ZnSe Heterocrystalline Junctions Based on Zinc Blend e-Wurtzite Polytypism, J. Phys. Chem. C . 2010, 114: 1411-1415.

Liang C. and Choy W.C.H. , Tunable Full-Color Emission of Two-unit Stacked Organic Light Emitting Diodes with Dual-metal Intermediate Electrode, J Organ. Chem . 2009, 694: 271.

Sha W. , Choy W.C.H. and Chew W.C. , A Comprehensive Study for the Plasmonic Thin-Film Solar Cell with Periodic Structure, Optics Express . 2010, 18: 5993(15pp).

Zhang H. , Choy W.C.H. and Li K., Blue Organic LEDs with Improved Power efficiency, IEEE Tran. Electron. Devices . 2010, 57: 125-128.

Zheng T. and Choy W.C.H. , High Efficiency Blue Organic LEDs Achieved By an Integrated Fluorescence-Interlayer-Phosphorescence Emission Architec ture, Adv. Function. Mat. . 2010, 20: 648-655.

Zheng T. , Choy W.C.H. and Sun Y.X., Hybrid Nanoparticle/Organic Devices with Strong Resonant Tunneling Behaviors, Adv. Function. Mat. . 2009, 19: 2548-2553.

Zheng T. , Choy W.C.H. , Ho C.L. and Wong W.Y., Improving Efficiency Roll-off in Organic Light Emitting Devices with a Fluorescence-Interlayer-Phosphorescence Emission Architecture, Appl. Phys. Lett . 2009, 95: 133304 (pp.3).

Zheng T. , Choy W.C.H. , Ho C...L... and Wong W...Y..., Organic Light Emitting Device with Reduced Efficiency Roll-off Behavior by Managing Charge Carriers and Excitons , the 2009 MRS fall meeting . 2009.

Researcher : Chu MH

List of Research Outputs

Pang G.K.H. and Chu M.H. , Automated Optical Inspection of Solder Paste based on 2.5D Visual Images, IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation . USA, 2009.

Researcher : Chu Y

List of Research Outputs

Chan S.C. , Chu Y. and Zhang Z. , A new regularized QRD recursive least m-estimate algorithm: Performance analysis and applications, 1st International Conference on Green Circuits and Systems (ICGCS2010) . 2010.

Researcher : Chui PC

List of Research Outputs

Choy W.C.H. , Chen X...W..., He S... and Chui P.C. , Determination of internal quantum efficiency of OLEDs with the consideration of the Purcell effect, SPIE Optics and Photonics 2009 .

Choy W.C.H. , Chen X...W..., He S...L... and Chui P.C. , The Purcell effect of silver nanoshell on the fluorescence of nanoparticles, SPIE Optics and Photonics 2009 .

Liang Y. , Li J. , Chui P.C. and Wong K.K.Y. , A Novel Pre-Amplifier for WDM Systems Based on a Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifier, 2009 IEEE Photonics Society Annual Meeting . 2009.

Liang Y. , Chui P.C. and Wong K.K.Y. , A Novel Pre-amplifier based on a Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifier, Optoelectronics and Comm. Conf. . 2009.

Liang Y. , Chui P.C. and Wong K.K.Y. , Receiver Sensitivity Improvement for NRZ-OOK Signal by Optical Parametric Amplifier-Assisted Detection, Asia Communications and Photonics Conference and Exhibition (ACP) . 2009.

Liang Y. , Li J. , Chui P.C. and Wong K.K.Y. , Receiver Sensitivity Improvement for WDM Systems using an Optical Parametric Amplifier, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. . 2009, 21: 1562-1564.

Yang S. , Zhou Y. , Cheung K.Y. , Chui P.C. and Wong K.K.Y. , Tunable single-longitudinal-mode fiber optical parametric oscillator, Opt. Lett. . 2010, 35: 481-483.

Zhou Y. , Cheung K.Y. , Yang S. , Chui P.C. and Wong K.K.Y. , A Simple 10-GHz Picosecond Pulse Source Based on Fiber Optical Parametric Oscillator, Optoelectronics and Comm. Conf. . 2009.

Zhou Y. , Cheung K.Y. , Yang S. , Chui P.C. and Wong K.K.Y. , A Time-Dispersion-Tuned Picosecond Fiber Optical Parametric Oscillator, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. . 2009, 21: 1223-1225.

Zhou Y. , Cheung K.Y. , Chui P.C. and Wong K.K.Y. , Experimental demonstration of fiber optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification, Photonics West . 2010.

Zhou Y. , Cheung K.Y. , Yang S. , Chui P.C. and Wong K.K.Y. , Picosecond Fiber Optical Parametric Oscillator with 500 nm Tuning Range Using Dispersion-Shifted Fiber, Opt. Fiber Comm. Conf. . 2010.

Zhou Y. , Li Q. , Cheung K.Y. , Yang S. , Chui P.C. and Wong K.K.Y. , Subpicosecond Fiber Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplifier Based on Highly-Nonlinear Fiber, Conf. on Lasers & Electro-Optics . 2010.

Zhou Y. , Cheung K.Y. , Yang S. , Chui P.C. and Wong K.K.Y. , Wavelength-Tunable Nearly-Transform-Limited Pulse Gener ation Based on Fiber Optical Parametric Oscillator, European Conf. on Optical Communications . 2009.

Zhou Y. , Kuo P.P. , Cheung K.Y. , Yang S. , Chui P.C. and Wong K.K.Y. , Wide-Band Generation of Picosecond Pulse Using Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifier and Oscillator, IEEE J. Quant. Elect. . 2009, 45: 1350-1356.

Researcher : Dai J

List of Research Outputs

Dai J. , Chang C. , Ye Z. and Hung Y.S. , An Efficient Convex Nonnegative Network Component An alysis for Gene Regulatory Network Reconstruction, 4th IAPR International Conference on Pattern Reco gnition in Bioinformatics (PRIB 2009), also Lecture Notes in Computer Science . 2009, 5780: 56-66.

Dai J. , Chang C. , Ye Z. and Hung Y.S. , Microsoft Cup IEEE Student Paper Contest, IEEE . 2009.

Researcher : Dai X

List of Research Outputs

Dai X. , Cheung S.W. and Yuk T.T.I. , A Fast-Decodable Code Structure for Linear Dispersion Codes, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications . 2009, 8, Issue 9: 4417 - 4420.

Dai X. , Cheung S.W. and Yuk T.T.I. , Linear Dispersion Code with an Orthogonal Row Structure for Simplifying Sphere Decoding, 20th IEEE International Symposium On Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC2009), 13-16 September 2009, Tokyo, Japan . 2009.

Researcher : Deng L

List of Research Outputs

Deng L. , Lai P.T. and Xu J. , Low-Voltage Polymer Thin-Film Transistors with High-k HfTiO Gate Dielectric Annealed in NH3 or N2, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on EDSSC . Xian, China, 2009.

Liu Y. , Deng L. , Yao R.H. and Lai P.T. , Low-Operating-Voltage Polymer Thin-Film Transistors Based on Poly(3-Hexylthiophene) With Hafnium Oxide as the Gate Dielectric, IEEE Trans. on Device and Materials Reliability . 2010, 10: 233-237.

Researcher : Ding Y

List of Research Outputs

Wu E.X. , Ding Y. and Hui E.S., Effects of Hypercapnia on DTI Quantitation in Anesthetized Rat Brain, Proceedings of the 4th WACBE World Congress on Bioengineering . 2009, 147.

Wu E.X. , Zhou Y. , Chan C.W. , Ding Y. , Hui E.S. and Cai K.X., Study of Neonatal Hypoxic-ischemic Injury in the Late Stage using MEMRI, Proceedings of the 4th WACBE World Congress on Bioengineering . Hong Kong, 2009, 113.

Wu E.X. , Ding Y. and Hui E.S., The effects of hypercapnia on DTI quantification in anesthetized rat brain, 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS) . Minneapolis, 2009, 2711-2714.

Researcher : Dong Y

List of Research Outputs

Jiang L. , Yiu S.M. , Dong Y. , Hui C.K. and Wong H.Y. , Secure Chained Threshold Proxy Signature without and with Supervision, Journal of Software Engineering and Applications . 2009, 2(4): 267 - 275.

Researcher : Du J

List of Research Outputs

Cai K. , Li X. , Du J. , Wu Y.C. and Gao F., CFO Estimation in OFDM Systems under Timing and Channel Length Uncertainties with Model Averaging, In: Chengshan Xiao , IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications . IEEE, 2010, 9: 970-974.

Researcher : Fan S

List of Research Outputs

Fan S. , Chow A.M.K. , Zhang J. , Man K. and Wu E.X. , Diffusion tensor imaging of renal ischemia reperfusion injury in an experimental model, NMR in Biomedicine . 2010, 23(5): 496-502.

Wu E.X. , Cheung S.C. , Fan S. , Gao D.S. and Man K., Diffusion tensor imaging of liver fibrosis in an experimental model, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4637.

Wu E.X. , Cheung S.C. , Fan S. , Chow M.K.A. and Hui S.K. , In vivo DTI assessment of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in an experimental model, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging . 2009, 30: 890-895.

Wu E.X. , Cheung M.H.M. , Li D.T.H., Hui E.S., Fan S. , Ding A.Y. and Hu Y., In vivo diffusion tensor imaging of chronic spinal cord compression in rat model, 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS) . Minneapolis, 2009, 2715-2718.

Wu E.X. , Cheung S.C. , Fan S. , Gao D.S., Chan K.W., Chow M.K.A. and Man K., In vivo proton MRS of liver in an experimental liver fibrosis model, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in . Stockholm, 2010, 4733.

Wu E.X. , Cheung S.C. , Fan S. and Chow M.K.A. , MRI Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Renal Ischemia Reperfu sion Injury in Rat Kidney, Proceedings of the 4th WACBE World Congress on Bioengineering . Hong Kong, 2009, 83.

Wu E.X. , Gao D.S., Tan M., Cheung S.C. , Chow M.K.A. , Fan S. , Chan K.W., Man K. and Lu Z.R., MRI of liver fibrosis by fibrin-fibronectin targeted contrast agent, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 258.

Wu E.X. , Zhou Y. , Chow M.K.A. and Fan S. , Manganese-enhanced MRI detection of nerula compensatory changes after neonatal monocular enulcation, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4505.

Wu E.X. , Chow M.K.A. , Zhou Y. , Fan S. , Chan K.W. and Chan C.W. , Proton MRS in the late stage of neonatal hypoxia-ischemic cerebral injury, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4527.

Wu E.X. , Chan K.W., Chow M.K.A. and Fan S. , Proton MRS of changes of lipid unsaturation during liver regeneration, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magn etic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4730.

Wu E.X. , Chow M.K.A. , Chan K.W., Fan S. and Cheung S.C. , Proton MRS of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in an experimental rat model, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4581.

Wu E.X. , Chow M.K.A. , Zhou Y. , Fan S. , Chan K.W. and Chan C.W. , Taurine change in visual cortex of neonatal monocular enucleated rat: a proton MRS study, 2010 Proceedings of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Stockholm, 2010, 4530.

Researcher : Fok WWT

Project Title:	Research on landscape of WiFi wireless LAN services and applications in Hong Kong
Investigator(s):	Fok WWT
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Hong Kong Wireless Development Centre - General Award
Start Date:	02/2008

Abstract:

To conduct an in-depth research to layout the landscape and environment of WiFi services and applications in Hong Kong. Two surveys will be conducted in Q1 2008 and Q2 2009 respectively for collecting data in WiFi usage and applications in Hong Kong. The results will be compared and analysis for showing the success and effectiveness of the government WiFi project.

List of Research Outputs

Fok W.W.T. , Best Paper Award 2nd Prize , In: W.W.T.Fok, Shenzhen-Hongkong Metropolitan Information Network Development 2009 Academic Conference . Shenzhen, Hong Kong Information Technology Joint Counc il and the Shenz, 2010.

Fok W.W.T. , Conference on “Disasters: Preparedness, Response and Recovery”, In: W.W.T. Fok, Construction Professionals’ Development Centre (CPDC), HKIE, The Society of Operations Engineers . Hong Kong, 2010.

Fok W.W.T. , Consulting report of the Feasibility Study of RFID Application Adoption at Housing Authority, Hong Kong Housing Authority . Hong Kong, 2010, 1-150.

Fok W.W.T. , Contribution of Electronic Engineers to Sichuan Reconstructio n, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, Electronics Division Annual Dinner . Hong Kong, 2010.

Fok W.W.T. and Chan C.K.Y. , Evaluating the Learning Experiences in Virtual Laboratory Training in Electrical and Electronic Engineering thr ough Student Perceptions - A case study in the University of Hong Kong, Engineering Education: the Journal of the Higher Education Academy, Engineering Subject Centre, Dec 2009 . ournal of the Higher Education Academy, Engineering Subject, 2009.

Fok W.W.T. , Leadership Bauhinia Award, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers . Hong Kong, 2010.

Fok W.W.T. , Outstanding Project Supervisor Award, In: W.W.T. Fok, China Association of Sciences (中國科協), Ministry of Education (教育部), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (工业和信息化部) and Beijing Municipal Government (北京市人民政府). . Beijing, 2009.

Fok W.W.T. , Reconstruction after the 512 Earthquake, Reconstruction after the 512 Earthquake . Hong Kong, HKU Department of EEE, 2010, 1-180.

Fok W.W.T. , Renewable Energy and Smart Grid, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, Electronics Division . Hong Kong, 2010.

Fok W.W.T. and Pong P.W.T. , Renewable Energy, Smart Grid, and Sensor Network, Build4Asia International Conference 2010 - Building Efficiency for a Sustainable Future . Hong Kong, 2010.

Fok W.W.T. and Pong P.W.T. , Renewable Energy, Smart Grid, and Sensor Network, In: W.W.T. Fok, P.W.T. Pong, Build4Asia International Conference 2010 - Building Efficiency for a Sustainable Future, 2010 . Hong Kong, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Condition, 2010.

Fok W.W.T. , Sichuan Reconstruction by Hong Kong Professions, In: W.W.T. Fok, Zoe Yiu, Ken Law, Sichuan Reconstruction by Hong Kong Professions . Hong Kong, HKU Department of EEE, 2010, 1-150.

Fok W.W.T. , Virtual Workshop for Modern Industrial Training, In: Polytechnic University of Hong Kong, The 9th International Conference on Modern Industrial Training 2009 . Nanjing, China, HK Polytechnic University.

Fok W.W.T. and Lee W.K. , Vision Development in Engineering Education during Financial Crisis and Natural Disasters, International Conference on Electrical Engineering . 2009, I9FP0473.

Lee W.K. and Fok W.W.T. , Vision Development in Engineering Education during Financial Crisis and Natural Disasters, International Conference on Electrical Engineering 2009 . Shenyang, ICEE.

Researcher : Fong N

List of Research Outputs

Zhang Y. , Fong N. and Wong N. , Design of CRLH millimeter-wave passive filters in standard CMOS process, Proc. Intl. Conf. Electron Devices and Solid State Circuits (EDSSC) . 2009, 1-4.

Researcher : Fu WY

List of Research Outputs

Fu W.Y. , Wong K.K.Y. and Choi H.W. , Closed-packed Hemi-ellipsoid Arrays: A Photonic Bandgap Structure Patterned by Nanosphere Lithography, Applied Physics Letters . 2009.

Fu W.Y. , Hui K.N. , Wang X. , Wong K.K.Y. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Geometrical Shaping of InGaN Light-emitting Diodes by Laser Micromachining, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters . 2009, vol: 21; issue: 15: 1078.

Fu W.Y. , Wong K.K.Y. and Choi H.W. , Hemi-ellipsoid Photonic Crystal Structure for Light Extraction, 8th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors . 2009.

Fu W.Y. and Choi H.W. , Nanosphere Lithography for Nitride Semiconductors, In: Michael Wang, Lithography . In-Tech, 2010.

Fu W.Y. , Wong K.K.Y. and Choi H.W. , Room Temperature Photonic Crystal Band-edge Lasing from Nanopillar Array on GaN patterned by Nanosphere Lithography, Journal of Applied Physics . 2010, 107: 063104.

Fu W.Y. , Wong K.K.Y. and Choi H.W. , Room-temperature lasing from an array of GaN nano-tips , 8th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors . 2009.

Wang X. , Fu W.Y. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Evaluation of InGaN/GaN Light-emitting Diodes of Circular Geometry, OSA Optics Express . 2009, 17: 22311.

Researcher : Fung ST

List of Research Outputs

Fung S.T. , Tam V.W.L. and Lam E.Y.M. , Improving an interactive simulator for computer systems with learning objects, International Conference on Education Technology and Computer . 2010.

Tam V.W.L. and Fung S.T. , Towards An Innovative Application of the Wii Remote to Facilitate Interactive Discussion, Proceedings of the International Conference on ICT in Teaching and Learning (ICT 2009) . Hong Kong, 2009, 159 – 167.

Researcher : Fung WL

List of Research Outputs

Shen M. , Cheung K.Y.H. , Fung W.L. and Wong K.K.Y. , A Comprehensive Study on the Dynamic Range of Wavelen gth Exchange and Its Impact on Exchanged Signal Performance, IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. . 2009, 27: 2707-2716.

Researcher : Geng Y

List of Research Outputs

Geng Y. and Li V.O.K. , A framework to analyze network performance based on information quality, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Communications . Cape Town, South Africa, 2010.

Geng Y. and Li V.O.K. , Mathematical impact of information accuracy on network performance, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Communications . Cape Town, South Africa, 2010.

Researcher : Gong Y

List of Research Outputs

Gong Y. , Chau K.T. , Jiang J. , Yu C. and Li W. , Analysis of doubly salient memory motors using Preisach theory, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics . 2009, 45(10): 4676-4679.

Gong Y. , Chau K.T. , Jiang J. , Yu C. and Li W. , Design of doubly salient permanent magnet motors with minimum torque ripple, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics . 2009, 45(10): 4704-4707.

Jian L. , Chau K.T. , Gong Y. , Yu C. and Li W. , Analytical calculation of magnetic field in surface-inset permanent magnet motors, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics . 2009, 45(10): 4688-4691.

Jian L. , Chau K.T. , Gong Y. , Jiang J. , Yu C. and Li W. , Comparison of coaxial magnetic gears with different topologies, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics . 2009, 45(10): 4526-4529.

Researcher : Guo H

List of Research Outputs

Guo H. , Au W.Y. , Cheung J.S., Kim D., Jensen J.H., Khong P.L. , Chan Q., Chan K.C., Tosti C., Tang H., Brown T.R., Lam W.W.M., Ha S.Y. , Brittenham G.M. and Wu E.X. , Myocardial T2 quantitation in patients with iron overload at 3 tesla, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging . 2009, 30: 394-400.

Wu E.X. , Guo H. , Chow A.M.K. and Cheung S.C. , Microbubbles as a novel contrast agent for brain MRI, Neuroimage . 2009, 46: 658-664.

Wu E.X. , Guo H. , Au W.Y., Cheung S.C. , Kim D., Jensen J.H., Khong P.L. , Chang K.C., Chan Q., Tosti C., Tang H., Brown T.R., Lam W.W.M., Ha S.Y. and Brittenham G.M., Myocardial T2 quantitation in patients with thalassaemia major at 3 Tesla, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging . 2009, 23: 394-400.

Wu E.X. , Guo H. , Leung J.C.K., Cheung S.C. , Chan L.Y.Y., Lam M.F., Lan H.Y. and Lai K.N., Non-viral Smad7 gene delivery attenuates postoperati ve peritoneal adhesion in an experimental model, British Journal of Surgery . 2009, 96: 1323-1335.

Researcher : Guo X

List of Research Outputs

Guo X. , Wan Q., Chang C. and Lam E.Y.M. , Source localization using a sparse representation framework to achieve superresolution, Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing . 2010, 12.

Researcher : He L

List of Research Outputs

He L. , Ma S. , Wu Y.C. and Ng T.S. , Joint Channel Estimation and Data Detection for OFDM Systems over Doubly Selective Channels, IEEE PIMRC 2009 .

He L. , Ma S. , Wu Y.C. and Ng T.S. , Joint Channel Estimation and Data Detection for OFDM Systems over Doubly Selective Channels, Proceedings IEEE Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications Symposium (PIMRC'2009), 13-16 Sept., 2009, Tokyo, Japan. . 2009.

He L. , Ma S. , Wu Y.C. and Ng T.S. , Semi-Blind CFO, Channel Estimation and Data Detection for OFDM Systems over Doubly Selective Channels , Proc. of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 30 May-2 June , Paris, 2010. . 2010.

He L. , Ma S. , Wu Y.C. and Ng T.S. , Semi-Blind CFO, Channel Estimation and Data Detection for OFDM Systems over Doubly Selective Channels, IEEE ISCAS . 2010.

Researcher : He Y

List of Research Outputs

Hou Y. and He Y. , Electricity price modeling, International Conference on Green Circuits and Systems . 2010.

Researcher : Ho KL

List of Research Outputs

Chan S.C. , Zhou Y. and Ho K.L. , A New Sequential Block Partial Update Normalized Least Mean M-Estimate Algorithm and its Convergence Perform ance Analysis, Journal of Signal Processing Systems . Springer, 2010, 58, Issue 2: 173 - 191.

Researcher : Hong J

List of Research Outputs

Hong J. and Li V.O.K. , Effect of information on routing performance in multi-hop wireless networks, Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference . Taipei, Taiwan, 2010.

Hong J. and Li V.O.K. , Impact of information on wireless network performance - An information-theoretic perspective, Proc. IEEE Globecom . Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 2009.

Hong J. and Li V.O.K. , Optimal resource allocation for transmitting network information and data in wireless networks, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Communications . Cape Town, South Africa, 2010.

Researcher : Hong Y

List of Research Outputs

Hong Y. , Wong Lui K.S. and Wu Y.C. , HEA-Loc: A Robust Localization Algorithm for Sensor Networks of Diversified Topologies, IEEE WCNC . 2010.

Researcher : Hou R

List of Research Outputs

Hou R. , Leung K.C. , Wong Lui K.S. , Leung K.C. and Baker F., Aggregation-Based QoS Routing in the Internet, Journal of Communications . Academy Publisher, 2010, 5: 239-246.

Hou R. , Wong Lui K.S. , Leung K.C. and Baker F., Routing with QoS Information Aggregation in Hierarchi cal Networks, 17th International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQoS) . 2009, 10.

Researcher : Hou Y

Project Title:	Comprehensive Power System Restora tion Methodology with Large-Scalar Renewable Energy Integration
Investigator(s):	Hou Y, Wu FF
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	03/2010

Abstract:

The objective of this proposal addresses a comprehensive system restoration methodology with large-scalar renewable energy integration. Power system restoration is well recognized as one of the most important tasks for electric power grids. Following a power outage, dispatchers in the control center work with the field crews to re-establish the generation and transmission systems and then to pick up load and restore service. Recent blackouts, such as the 2003 outages in the U.S. and Italy or the 2006 outage in Europe, are powerful reminders that system restoration requires advanced decision support tools. Unfortunately, few decision support tools are available to dispatchers and restoration planners today. These plans typically developed off line and then used as guidelines for dispatchers in an on-line environment. Dispatchers need to adapt to the actual outage scenario and be able to develop the strategy based on their experience. With significant renewable energy resources involved and deregulation of power market, the added complexity associated with uncertainties has made system restoration an even more serous challenge. Environmental concern, particularly global warming, has prompted governments throughout the world to push for more renewable resources, such as wind and solar, into the electric power generation system. Making electricity grids ‘smarter’ and modernizing them so that they can accept large amounts of renewable energy resources are fairly universally acceptable as steps necessary to achieve a clean and secure electric power industry. However, system restoration strategy under the new energy paradigm can not be covered by the traditional restoration strategy, which is estab lished on the determinate scenarios. Therefore, probabilistic methodologies are critical to establish restoration strategies. In this project, a novel method is employed to predict output of renewable resources and load level, which are used to initiate the online system restorati on tool. A comprehensive system restoration methodology associated with series of sophisticated algorithms will be proposed, in which the contribution of new components for system restoration in the future smart grid, such as energy storage equipments and different variable renewable energy resources, will be analyzed. Finally, a sophisticated algorithm will be proposed to evaluate the system restoration strategy options. System restoration tool is the most desirable component to establish a self-healing power grid, which is a research direction of Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) of the USA has been promoting. The PI, prior to joining HKU, was involved in an EPRI project entitled “Prototype of a Decision Support Tool for Evaluation of System Restoration Strategy Options” and is in the process of negotiating a follow-up project with EPRI to be carried out at HKU. The EPRI project is aimed at tac kling immediate problems, whereas the goal of this proposed research is set for future power systems with significant renewable generation and fast-responding monitoring and control capabilities (i.e., a smart grid). Problems to be addressed To implement system restoration, the status of the system should be assessed in advance. As a significant percentage of renewable energy sources is integrated into the electric power grid, a part of energy resources will be variable, and, moreover, with the restructuring of the electric power industry, the demand response is volatile. As a result, the forecasting of load level, load distribution, and outputs of renewable energy resources, are critical for power system restoration. However, fundamentally, all these data are nonlinear and non-stationary. To encompass these challenges, there are two components in the proposed methodology. The first one is the development of the predication tools based on Hilbert-Huang transform and the second one is the introduction of the fundamental models for the data identification. Different from the traditional approached, such as Fourier transform, the Hilbert-Huang transform can produce physically meaningful representations of data from nonlinear an d non-stationary process. It will be employed to identify the major components of the variable outputs of renewable energy resources and volatile demands. And then, the fundamental models, which are established on the physical significance of power systems, are used to forecast the tendency of each component. After ascertain the system information by the first task, the online systematic system restoration strategy will be established on the new system restoration philosophy, i.e., Generic Restoration Milestones (GRMs). As a multistage process, the restoration process is decoupled as the combination of series of milestones, such as reestablishing energ y sources, picking up loads, establishing transmission grid, and synchronizing electric islands. To mitigate the fluctuation, the storage systems will be significant involved in the emerging power system. In this project, the contribution of storage systems during system restorati on will be analyzed. A set of efficient algorithms, which covers different scenarios of a system operation, will be developed to implement this concept. A specific restoration strategy can be synthesized by a combination of the milestones based on the actual system conditions. A different combination leads to a different strategy option. As a result, the proposed methodology is generality, i.e., the methodology is portable from a system to another with minimal customization. For evaluation of system restoration strategy options, series methodologies will be developed. Due to inherent variability nature of renewable generation and loads level, it can only be answered in a probabilistic manner. To approximate the stochastic distribution of duration of restoration and load restored after restoration, a modified point estimation algorithm will be proposed. This highly efficient algorithm uses limited concentrations to match the first numbers of moments of each random variable. Combined with the cumulant method, the distributions of the indices are thus obtained. The key Issues 1) To develop sophisticated methodologies based on Hilbert-Huang transform and fundamental models for the forecasting of outputs of renewable energy resources and load levels after a major outage. 2) To develop a systematic power system restoration methodology based on the conce pt of Generic Restoration Milestones. 3) To develop methodology for evaluation of the restoration strategy options with inherent variability of renewable energy resources and volatile load responses.

Project Title:	International Conference on Green Circuits and Systems (ICGCS 2010) Modeling of Electricity Prices Wind Power Forecasting and Integration to Power Grids
Investigator(s):	Hou Y
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff
Start Date:	06/2010
Completion Date:	06/2010

Abstract:

N/A

List of Research Outputs

Hou Y. , Liu C.C., Zhang P. and Sun K., Constructing Power System Restoration Strategies, 6th International Conference on Electrical and Electroincs engineering . 2009.

Hou Y. and He Y. , Electricity price modeling, International Conference on Green Circuits and Systems . 2010.

Hou Y. and Liu C.C., Methodology for System Restoration, Electric Power Research Institute . 2010.

Hou Y. and Pang G.K.H. , People Counting and Human Detection in a Challenging Situation, IEEE Transactions on Systems Man & Cybernetics . IEEE, IEEE, 2010, 1: 1-20.

Hou Y. , The Picture of the Future Smart Grid, Huazhong University of Science and Technology . 2009.

Hou Y. , Zhong J. and Wu F.F. , Wind Power Forecasting and Integration to Power Grids., International Conference on Green Circuits and Syst ems . 2010.

LIU C.R., ZHANG B.M., Hou Y. , Wu F.F. and LIU Y.S., An Improved Approach for AC-DC Power Flow Calculation with Multi-Infeed DC Systems, IEEE Trans. Power Systems . 2010, 1-7.

Sun Y. , Wu F.F. and Hou Y. , Financing Long-term Generation Capacity in a Reference Price Oriented Capacity Market, 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences . 2010.

Researcher : Hou Y

List of Research Outputs

Hou Y. , Liu C.C., Zhang P. and Sun K., Constructing Power System Restoration Strategies, 6th International Conference on Electrical and Electroincs engineering . 2009.

Hou Y. and He Y. , Electricity price modeling, International Conference on Green Circuits and Systems . 2010.

Hou Y. and Liu C.C., Methodology for System Restoration, Electric Power Research Institute . 2010.

Hou Y. and Pang G.K.H. , People Counting and Human Detection in a Challenging Situation, IEEE Transactions on Systems Man & Cybernetics . IEEE, IEEE, 2010, 1: 1-20.

Hou Y. , The Picture of the Future Smart Grid, Huazhong University of Science and Technology . 2009.

Hou Y. , Zhong J. and Wu F.F. , Wind Power Forecasting and Integration to Power Grids., International Conference on Green Circuits and Systems . 2010.

LIU C.R., ZHANG B.M., Hou Y. , Wu F.F. and LIU Y.S., An Improved Approach for AC-DC Power Flow Calculation with Multi-Infeed DC Systems, IEEE Trans. Power Systems . 2010, 1-7.

Sun Y. , Wu F.F. and Hou Y. , Financing Long-term Generation Capacity in a Reference Price Oriented Capacity Market, 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sci ences . 2010.

Researcher : Huang W

List of Research Outputs

Huang W. and Yeung L.K. , Throughput-Optimized Opportunistic Scheduling for Ra te-Guaranteed and Best-Effort Users in Wireless Networks (Best Paper Award), Third International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS 2009), Cairo, Egypt, Dec. 2009 . 2009.

Researcher : Hui KN

List of Research Outputs

Chen R., Sun H.D., Wang T., Hui K.N. and Choi H.W. , Optically-pumped Ultraviolet Lasing from Nitride Nanopillars at Room Temperature, Applied Physics Letters . 2010, 96: 214410.

Fu W.Y. , Hui K.N. , Wang X. , Wong K.K.Y. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Geometrical Shaping of InGaN Light-emitting Diodes by Laser Micromachining, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters . 2009, vol: 21; issue: 15: 1078.

Hui K.N. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , RGB Stacked White LEDs, 2nd International Conference on White LEDs and Solid State Lighting . 2009.

Researcher : Hui SK

List of Research Outputs

Wu E.X. , Cheung S.C. , Fan S. , Chow M.K.A. and Hui S.K. , In vivo DTI assessment of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in an experimental model, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging . 2009, 30: 890-895.

Researcher : Hung YS

Project Title:	Robust Estimation of Epipolar Geom etry for Computer Vision
Investigator(s):	Hung YS
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Small Project Funding
Start Date:	01/2008

Abstract:

The matching of corresponding feature points between two images is a key step that forms the front-end process of many computer vision problems such as motion estimation, pose estimation and 3D reconstruction. The image matching problem is closely related to the estimation of the fundamental matrix that characterizes the epipolar geometry between corresponding features in two diffe rent images. By far the most common method for image matching is based on correlation techniques that compare the similarity of image patches around feature points, which typically produce a raw dataset containing a fair proportion of mismatched correspondences (called outliers) as well as correctly matched correspondences (called inliers). The robust estimation problem is to sort out the inliers from the outliers while estimating the fundamental matrix. Hence, the robust estimation problem is comprised of two cross-coupled sub-problems: (i) the classification of the raw dataset into inliers and outliers based on an estimated fundamental matrix (ii) the determination of the fundamental matrix using only inlier points from the yet unclassified raw dataset. The existing approach to the robust estimation problem is based on the random sample consensus (RANSAC) techniques. In the standard RANSAC algorithm, minimal sets of random samples are drawn repeatedly from the raw dataset and are used to estimate the fundamental matrix. The supp ort for each estimated fundamental matrix (i.e. the number of correspondences consistent with the fundamental matrix) among the raw dataset is determined, and the fundamental matrix with the highest support is taken as the best solution. A basic assumption in RANSAC is that if a minimal set consisting of only inliers is drawn, then it will produce a good fundamental matrix with high support among the raw dataset. This assumption is unfortunately flawed because it does not take int o account the effect of image noise on the estimation of the fundamental matrix. The sensitivity of the fundamental matrix to noise is particularly pronounced when it is determined using only a minimal number of data points. As a result, it is not uncommon that applying the RANSAC algorithm more than once to the same raw dataset will produce a different estimate of the fundamental matrix in each run of the algorithm. This is a clear indication that existing RANSAC strategies is prone to be trapped at local maxima of the objective function being optimized, and consequently robust estimation by RANSAC is not quite robust. The aim of the proposed project is to identify the key issues underlying the lack of robustness of the RANSAC approach in the estimation of the fundamental matrix. This will provide a basis for redesigning the framework of robust estimation under a RANSAC paradigm . A successful outcome of this project will provide a highly reliable method for image matching and robust estimation of the fundamental matrix as the front-end process for a host of computer vision applications. The objectives of the project are: 1. To investigate the effect of noise on the 8-point algorithm for estimating the fundamental matrix when the dataset used for estim ation is of (or close to) minimal size, as is the case under the RANSAC paradigm. 2. To develop new random sampling strategy and estimation procedure for RANSAC that is robust with respect to noise as well as to outliers, so that the result of the robust estimation is consistent and independent of the random sampling process.

Project Title:	An Integrated Approach to 3D Shape Recovery from Multiple Views
Investigator(s):	Hung YS
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	General Research Fund (GRF)
Start Date:	01/2009

Abstract:

1. To develop a two-stage integrated framework for 3D shape recovery that provides means for information due to different visual cues to be combined in the reconstruction process. 2. To develop methods that make use of both photo-consistency and silhouettes for estimating highly reliable points on the object surface as anchor features. 3. To reformulate the photo-consistency condition as a constrained optimization problem and to develop solutions for the problem.

Project Title:	3D Wireframe Model Reconstruction from Multiple Views
Investigator(s):	Hung YS
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Small Project Funding
Start Date:	01/2010

Abstract:

3D modeling of real world objects is an important problem in computer vision with growing applications to areas such as 3D photography, digital multimedia and 3D augmented reality. An important problem in computer vision is to reconstruct a 3D model of an object from a number of 2D images taken at different view points. A wireframe drawing is a highly effective way of presenting the 3D geometry of an object or scene. It is therefo re desirable if the result of 3D reconstruction takes the form of a wireframe model. Unfortunately, most existing methods for 3D reconstruction from multiple views are either point-based or silhouette methods. Point-based reconstruction has the drawback that the output is normally presented as a cloud of 3D points, which does not appeal to perception and requires tricky post processing steps to make the reconstruction visually meaningful. Silhouette methods can be used to construc t a visual hull approximating the shape profile bounding an object, but the visual hull by definition is only an outline description lacking fine details of the object surface. A wireframe model is made up of lines, ellipses and general curves. In the computer vision literature, very little work has been done on general curve reconstruction. Furthermore, existing works invariably focus on the reconstruction of a curve as an isolated entity, and no attempt has been made to interpret a family of reconstructed curve structurally as a wireframe model. The aim of the proposed project is to develop methodologies for the recovery of 3D geometric structures in the form of a wireframe model consisting of lines, ellipses and general curves. We argue that this is the most appropriate representation that appeals naturally to visual interpretation as well as computational processing. First, the reconstruction of lines, ellipses and general curves will be conside red separately whereby the property of each individual feature is exploited. A common solution platform will be employed for the reconstruction of all these features, so that at the end, the reconstruction of all features in a scene can be combined together as one single problem. In order for the reconstruction results to be assembled as a connected model rather then as a collection of curves, structural constraints (such as continuity, connectivity and co-planarity conditions) will be integrated into the problem formulation. One of the key difficulties in curve reconstruction is due to the aperture problem, which arises because a matched pair of curves generally does not carry information about point correspondence along the curves. We intend to address this problem by a wavelet transform and a coarse-to-fine approach in the curve matching stage. This is justified on the basis that the aperture problem is due to the lack of global perspective in local correspondence, and therefore a coarse-to-fine approach may help to enlarge the aperture in the matching process. We also propose that useful correspondence information can be extracted from the matching process, which can be used to inform subsequent 3D reconstruction. The objectives of the project are: 1. To develop reconstruction methods for line, ellipse and general curve matching across multiple views that overcome the aperture problem. 2. To formulate an overall problem that combines the re construction of all curve features in a scene as a wireframe modelling problem, incorporating structural constraints in the problem formulation. 3. To generate photo-realistic computer models suitable for visual manipulation from the wireframe models.

List of Research Outputs

Chesi G. , Hung Y.S. and Yung H.L. , Image Measurement Errors in Visual Servoing: Estimating the Induced Positioning Error, 2010.

Chesi G. and Hung Y.S. , Investigating the load flow equations in power system s via LMI-based techniques, 7th Asian Control Conference . 2009.

Chu D.L., Hung Y.S. and Woerdeman H.J., Inertia and rank characterizations of some matrix expressions, SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications . 2009, Vol. 31, No. 3: 1187-1226.

Dai J. , Chang C. , Ye Z. and Hung Y.S. , An Efficient Convex Nonnegative Network Component Analy sis for Gene Regulatory Network Reconstruction, 4th IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recogni tion in Bioinformatics (PRIB 2009), also Lecture Notes in Computer Science . 2009, 5780: 56-66.

Dai J. , Chang C. , Ye Z. and Hung Y.S. , Microsoft Cup IEEE Student Paper Contest, IEEE . 2009.

Dai J.S., Chang C. , Ye Z.F. and Hung Y.S. , An efficient greedy scheduler for zero-forcing dirty-paper coding, IEEE Transactions on Communications . 2009, 57, Issue 7: 1939-1943.

Hung Y.S. , A Polynomial Approach to Control Systems Analysis and Synthesis, National University of Singapore . 2009.

Hung Y.S. , Publication Chair, 7th Asian Control Conference . 2009.

Leung Y.Y. and Hung Y.S. , A multiple-filter-multiple-wrapper approach to gene selection and microarray data classification, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics . 2010, Vol. 7, No. 1: 108-117.

Leung Y.Y. and Hung Y.S. , An integrated approach to feature selection and classification for microarray data with outlier detection, 8th Annual Int. Conf. on Computational Systems Biology, Stanford University . 2009.

Mai F. , Hung Y.S. and Chesi G. , Projective reconstruction of ellipses from multiple images, Pattern Recognition . 2010, 43, No.3: 545-556.

Mai F. , Chang C. , Liu W., Xu W. and Hung Y.S. , Segmentation-based retrospective shading correction in fluorescence microscopy E. coli images for quantitative analysis, The sixth International Symposium on Multispectral Image Processing and Pattern Recognition . 2009, 7498: 74983O-1-74983O-8.

Xu W. , Hung Y.S. , Niranjan M. and Shen M.F., Asymptotic mean and variance of Gini correlation for bivariate normal samples, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing . 2010, Vol. 58, No. 2: 522-534.

Yung H.L. , Chesi G. and Hung Y.S. , Position and motion estimation for visual robot control with planar targets, 7th Asian Control Conference . Hong Kong, 2009.

Zhang J. , Mai F. , Hung Y.S. and Chesi G. , 3D Model Reconstruction from Turntable Sequence with Multiple -View Triangulation, International Symposium on Visual Computing . 2009, 470-479.

Zhang J. , Mai F. , Hung Y.S. and Chesi G. , 3D Model Reconstruction from Turntable Sequence with Multiple -View Triangulation, the fifth International Symposium on Visual Computing . 2009, 5876: 470-479.

Zhang Z. , Chan S.C. and Hung Y.S. , Local polynomial modelling of time-varying autoregressive processes and its application to the analysis of event-related electroencephalogram, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS2010) . 2010.

Zhang Z. , Hung Y.S. , Chan S.C. , Xu W. and Hu Y. , Modeling and identification of gene regulatory networks: A Granger causality approach, International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC2010) . 2010.

Researcher : Ji F

List of Research Outputs

Ji F. , Xu J. , Chen J.J., Xu H. , Li C. and Lai P.T. , A Compact Threshold-Voltage Model of MOSFETs with Sta ck High-k Gate Dielectric, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on EDSSC . Xian, China, 2009, 10.11.

Ji F. , Xu J. , Li C. , Lai P.T. and Chan C.L. , Impacts of Ti Content and Annealing Temperature on Electrical properties of Si MOS Capacitors with HfTi ON Gate Dielectric, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference onEDSSC . Xian, China, 2009, 10.7.

Researcher : Jia N

List of Research Outputs

Jia N. and Lam E.Y.M. , Machine learning for inverse lithography: Using stochastic gradient descent for robust photomask synthesis, Journal of Optics . 2010, 12: 045601.

Jia N. , Wong A. and Lam E.Y.M. , Regularization of inverse photomask synthesis to enhance manufacturability, Lithography Asia . 2009.

Researcher : Jian L

List of Research Outputs

Jian L. and Chau K.T. , A coaxial magnetic gear using bulk YBCO superconductors, 21st Conference on Magnet Technology . 2009, Paper No. 1FP-42.

Jian L. and Chau K.T. , A coaxial magnetic gear with Halbach permanent magnet arrays, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion . 2010, 25(2): 319-328.

Jian L. , Chau K.T. , Li W. and Li J. , A novel coaxial magnetic gear using bulk HTS for industrial applications, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity . 2010, 20(3): 981-984.

Jian L. and Chau K.T. , A novel electronic-continuously variable transmission propulsion system using coaxial magnetic gearing for hybrid electric vehicles, Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles . 2009, 7(2): 1291-1296.

Jian L. , Chau K.T. , Gong Y. , Yu C. and Li W. , Analytical calculation of magnetic field in surface-i nset permanent magnet motors, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics . 2009, 45(10): 4688-4691.

Jian L. , Chau K.T. , Gong Y. , Jiang J. , Yu C. and Li W. , Comparison of coaxial magnetic gears with different topologies, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics . 2009, 45(10): 4526-4529.

Researcher : Jiang J

List of Research Outputs

Gong Y. , Chau K.T. , Jiang J. , Yu C. and Li W. , Analysis of doubly salient memory motors using Preisach theory, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics . 2009, 45(10): 4676-4679.

Gong Y. , Chau K.T. , Jiang J. , Yu C. and Li W. , Design of doubly salient permanent magnet motors with minimum torque ripple, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics . 2009, 45(10): 4704-4707.

Jian L. , Chau K.T. , Gong Y. , Jiang J. , Yu C. and Li W. , Comparison of coaxial magnetic gears with different topologies, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics . 2009, 45(10): 4526-4529.

Li J. , Chau K.T. , Jiang J. and Liu C. , A new efficient permanent-magnet vernier machine for wind power generation and the corresponding FEM analysis, IEEE Joint Magnetism & Magnetic Materials - Intern ational Magnetics Conference . 2010, Paper No. CU-15.

Li J. , Chau K.T. , Jiang J. , Liu C. and Li W. , A new efficient permanent-magnet vernier machine for wind power generation, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics . 2010, 45(6): 1475-1478.

Li J. , Chau K.T. and Jiang J. , Design and analysis of a novel hybrid permanent magnet vernier machine, 21st Conference on Magnet Technology . 2009, Paper No. 2EP-11.

Li W. , Chau K.T. , Jiang J. and Liu C. , A linear magnetic-geared machine system for direct-drive wave power generation, IEEE Joint Magnetism & Magnetic Materials - Internatio nal Magnetics Conference . 2010, Paper No. CR-02.

Li W. , Chau K.T. and Jiang J. , Design and analysis of a novel linear transverse flux permanent magnet motor, 21st Conference on Magnet Technology . 2009, Paper No. 2EP-38.

Researcher : Jiang L

Project Title:	Partial Element Equivalent Circu it (PEEC) Simulaton Method for IC Interconnect and Packaging Analysis.
Investigator(s):	Jiang L
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	03/2010

Abstract:

As the operational frequency of integrated circuits (IC) with copper wires increases towards multi-gigahertz, the on-chip inductance effects are no longer ignorable for the state of the art VLSI design. This demands an official ending of the static analysis approach and drives the full wave electromagnetic coupling analysis to the front stage of modern electronic design automation (EDA). Many Maxwell’s equation based methods have been proposed for these types of challenges. Among them, surface integral equation (SIE) methods attracted a lot of research and development attentions due to its less numerical unknowns compared to costly finite element method (FEM). However, it has been demonstrated that SIE breaks at low frequencies because of the Helmholtz decomposition between E and H. To be more pacific, the inductive coupling dominated by the solenoidal current is numerically underflowed by the capacitive coupling from the irrotational current. However, the inductive effect is vital to the low frequency solut ion. The loop-tree basis has been introduced into SIEs to establish a better conditioned linear matrix equation system. However, two problems arise from this method: first, the loop-tree generation is very difficult; secondly, the loop-tree method does not work well when the electric field and magnetic field couple tightly at high frequencies. Another issue associated with SIEs is its co-simulation capability with lumped models. Conventional electromagnetics algorithms do not recognize the circuit simplification. Therefore most passive and active circuit elements cannot work with many existing fast EM solutions. This dramatically hurts the applic ations of many advanced EM research outputs. Under today’s VLSI and electronic circuit design complexity, mixed-circuit analysis is essential to an accurate modeling. It is well known that on-chip interconnect modeling has to consider its drivers, buffers and loads. The delay and crosstalk evaluations will generate different res ults under different working circumstances. Hence, a co-simulation with lumped circuit elements is a key to today’s VLSI deign and optimization. In addition, most SIE methods are developed either for frequency domain or time domain. The time domain analysis is much harder and time consuming than in the frequency domain. However, considering the broadband spectrum of a digital signal propagating inside VLSI Manhattan structures, IC designers are keen to the time domain outputs. This research proposes to develop a modeling protocol for VLSI inter connects, packaging and 3D integration technologies. It will provide the following three primary merits compared to conventional SIE methods: 1) Broadband full wave modeling capability 2) An easy link with lumped circuit elements and circuit simulators 3) Support both time domain and frequency domain analysis It employs the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method to construct the flexible connection between rigorou s Maxwell’s equations with mature circuit analysis theories. It converts an electromagnetic problem into a circuit problem. The resultant equivalent circuit directly reflects the physical interpretation of Maxwell’s physics embedded inside VLSI interconnects and packaging design s. The broadband feature of PEEC will be used to address the wide spectrum requirement from VLSI circuits. Because it uses a circuit model to treat the integral equations, it has a very natural connection with general lumped circuit elements. Because PEEC also uses the modified nodal analysis (MNA) method to solve the nodal potential and source currents, it can be integrated with circuit SPICE simulators. This will build a smo oth bridge between computational electromagnetics with circuit EDA processes. Finally, MNA scheme works for both frequency and time domain analysis. This will easily solve the 3rd aforementioned challenges.

Project Title:	2010 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility Electrical Modelling of Temperature Distributions in On-chip Interconnects, Packaging, and 3D Integration
Investigator(s):	Jiang L
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff
Start Date:	04/2010
Completion Date:	04/2010

Abstract:

N/A

List of Research Outputs

Jiang L. , Computational Electromagnetics for Integrated Circuits, The Chinese University of Hong Kong . 2010.

Jiang L. , Xu C., Smith H., Rubin B., Deutsch A. and Caron A., Electrical Modeling of Temperature Distributions in On-chip Interconnects, Packaging, and 3D Integration, 2010 AP-EMC . 2010.

Jiang L. , Pulsed EM Field Response of a Thin, High-contrast Layered Structure, Computational Science and Enginnering Workshop . 2010.

Qian Z., Li M., Ma Z. , Jiang L. and Chew W.C. , Solving Multiscale Low Frequency Electromagnetic Pro blems, The 4th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation . 2010.

Researcher : Jin L

List of Research Outputs

Jin L. , Wang J., Jia S., Sang H., Deng L., Yan X., Cai Y., Lu P. and Choy W.C.H. , Twinning mediated growth of ZnSe tri- and bi-crystal nanobelts with single crystalline wurtzite nanobelts as building blocks, CrystEngComm . 2010, 12: 150-158.

Jin L. , Wang J., Jia S., Jiang Q., Sang H., Yan X., Lu P., Cai Y., Deng L. and Choy W.C.H. , ZnSe Heterocrystalline Junctions Based on Zinc Blende-W urtzite Polytypism, J. Phys. Chem. C . 2010, 114: 1411-1415.

Researcher : Kong Z

List of Research Outputs

Kong Z. and Kwok Y.K. , Auction-Based Resource Allocation for Hierarchical Wireless Mesh Networks in Rural Areas, Proceedings of ACM MobiCom Workshop on Challenged Networks (CHANTS 2009), Beijing, China . 2009.

Kong Z. and Kwok Y.K. , Game Theoretic Packet Scheduling in a Non- Cooperative Wireless Environment, Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Future Generation Communications and Networking (FGCN 2009), Jeju Island, Korea, . 2009.

Kong Z. and Kwok Y.K. , Non-Cooperative Resource Management in Wireless System s, In: Y. Zhang and M. Guizani, Game Theory for Wireless Communications and Networking . USA, Auerbach Publications, Taylor & Francis Group, 2010.

Kong Z. and Kwok Y.K. , Relay Auction Algorithms for Downlink Bandwidth Allocation in IEEE 802.16-Based OFDM/TDMA Wireless Mesh Networks, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Communications and Networking in China (ChinaCom 2009), Xi’an, China, . 2009.

Kong Z. and Kwok Y.K. , VCG-Based Time-Slot Auctioning in IEEE 802.16 OFDM/TDMA Wireless Mesh Networks, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking, and Mobile Computing (WiCOM 2009), Beijing, China . 2009.

Researcher : Kuo PP

List of Research Outputs

Wong K.K.Y. , Kuo P.P. , Marhic M.E., Kalogerakis G. and Kazovsky L.G., Recent Advances in the Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifiers, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuh an, China . 2009.

Zhou Y. , Kuo P.P. , Cheung K.Y. , Yang S. , Chui P.C. and Wong K.K.Y. , Wide-Band Generation of Picosecond Pulse Using Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifier and Oscillator, IEEE J. Quant. Elect. . 2009, 45: 1350-1356.

Researcher : Kwan HK

List of Research Outputs

Ng C.W. , So V., Kwan H.K. , Kwong D. and Wong N. , A 7V-to-30V-Supply 190A/us Regulated Gate Driver in a 5V CMOS-Compatible Process, Solid State Circuits Technologies . IN-TECH, 2009.

Researcher : Kwok HMS

List of Research Outputs

Kwok H.M.S. , So H.K.H. , Lam E.Y.M. and Wong Lui K.S. , Zero-configuration identity-based IP network encryptor , IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics . 2010.

Researcher : Kwok YK

List of Research Outputs

Kong Z. and Kwok Y.K. , Auction-Based Resource Allocation for Hierarchical Wireless Mesh Networks in Rural Areas, Proceedings of ACM MobiCom Workshop on Challenged Networks (CHANTS 2009), Beijing, China . 2009.

Kong Z. and Kwok Y.K. , Game Theoretic Packet Scheduling in a Non- Cooperative Wireless Environment, Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Future Generation Communications and Networking (FGCN 2009), Jeju Island, Korea, . 2009.

Kong Z. and Kwok Y.K. , Non-Cooperative Resource Management in Wireless Systems, In: Y. Zhang and M. Guizani, Game Theory for Wireless Communications and Networking . USA, Auerbach Publications, Taylor & Francis Group, 2010.

Kong Z. and Kwok Y.K. , Relay Auction Algorithms for Downlink Bandwidth Allocation in IEEE 802.16-Based OFDM/TDMA Wireless Mesh Networks, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Communications and Networking in China (ChinaCom 2009), Xi’an, China, . 2009.

Kong Z. and Kwok Y.K. , VCG-Based Time-Slot Auctioning in IEEE 802.16 OFDM/TDMA Wireless Mesh Networks, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking, and Mobile Computing (WiCOM 2009), Beijing, China . 2009.

Kwok Y.K. , Technical Committee Member, The 12th International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems (NBiS 2009), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 2009 . 2009.

Kwok Y.K. , Technical Committee Member, The 12th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC 2009), Sendai, Japan, Sept. 7 -10, 2009 . 2009.

Kwok Y.K. , Technical Committee Member, The 2009 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Confere nce (IEEE APSCC 2009), Singapore . 2009.

Kwok Y.K. , Technical Committee Member, The 2009 International Conference on Advanced Communication and Networking (ACN 2009), Jeju Island, Korea . 2009.

Kwok Y.K. , Technical Committee Member, The 2009 International Conference on Web Information Systems and Mining (WISM), Shanghai, China, November 2009 . 2009.

Kwok Y.K. , Technical Committee Member, The 2009 International Workshop on Security in Cloud Computing (SCC'09), in conjunction with The 8th International Conference on Pervasive Intelligence and Computing (PICom 2009), Chengdu, China . 2009.

Kwok Y.K. , Technical Committee Member, The 2nd International Workshop on Interactive Digital Entertainment Technologies (IDET 2009), Tamkang University, Taipei, Taiwan, China . 2009.

Kwok Y.K. , Technical Committee Member, The 4th International Conference on Frontier of Computer Science and Technology (FCST 2009), Shanghai, China . 2009.

Kwok Y.K. , Technical Committee Member, The 6th IFIP International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing (NPC 2009), Gold Coast, Australia, October 2009 . 2009.

Kwok Y.K. , Technical Committee Member, The ACM Workshop on Ambient Media Computing: Media Data Integration (MDI) 2009, in conjunction with ACM Multimedia 2009, Beijing, China, 23 Oct. 2009 . 2009.

Kwok Y.K. , Technical Committee Member, The ACM Workshop on Multimedia Technologies for Distance Learning (MTDL) 2009, in conjunction with ACM Multimedia 2009, Beijing, China, 23 Oct. 2009 . 2009.

Kwok Y.K. , Technical Committee Member, The International conference on Embedded and Multim eda Computing (EM-Com 2009), Jeju Island, Korea . 2009.

Kwok Y.K. , Technical Committee Member, The Wireless Communications Symposium (WCS), in conjunction with Globecom 2009 Hawaii, USA, Nov. 30 to Dec. 04 2009 . 2009.

Kwok Y.K. , Technical Program Committee Member, The 11th IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM 2010), Montreal, Quebac, Canada . 2010.

Kwok Y.K. , Technical Program Committee Member, The 18th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed, and Network-Based Processing (PDP 2010), Pisa, Italy . 2010.

Kwok Y.K. , Technical Program Committee Member, The 7th IEEE International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems (ICESS-10), Bradford, United Kingdom . 2010.

Kwok Y.K. , Technical Program Committee Member, The Ninth IASTED International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing and Networks (PDCN 2010), Innsbruck, Austria . 2010.

Yeung K.H. and Kwok Y.K. , On Game Theoretic Peer Selection for Resilient Peer-to-Peer Media Streaming, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems . 2009, 20(10): 1512-1525.

Researcher : Lai C

List of Research Outputs

Lai C. , Leung K.C. and Li V.O.K. , A testbed for TCP in heterogeneous wired/wireless networks, Proc. IEEE INFOCOM Demos . San Diego, California, USA, 2010.

Lai C. , Leung K.C. and Li V.O.K. , Demo Abstract: A Testbed for TCP in Heterogeneous Wired/ Wireless Networks, The 29th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE INFOCOM 2010) Demonstration . IEEE, 2010.

Lai C. , Li V.O.K. and Leung K.C. , Differentiation among Occurrences of Packet Reordering, Congestive Packet Loss, and Random Packet Loss in Communication Networks, United States Provisional Application . 2009, 61/241,689.

Lai C. , Leung K.C. and Li V.O.K. , Enhancing Wireless TCP: A Serialized-Timer Approach, The 29th IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE INFOCOM 2010) . IEEE, 2010.

Lai C. , Leung K.C. and Li V.O.K. , Enhancing wireless TCP: A serialized-timer approach, Proc. IEEE INFOCOM . San Diego, California, USA, 2010.

Lai C. , Leung K.C. and Li V.O.K. , TCP-NCL: A unified solution for TCP packet reordering and random loss, Proc. IEEE PIMRC . Tokyo, Japan, 2009.

Lai C. , Leung K.C. and Li V.O.K. , TCP-NCL: A Unified Solution for TCP Packet Reorderin g and Random Loss, The 20th Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communicati ons Symposium 2009 (IEEE PIMRC 2009) . IEEE, 2009.

Researcher : Lai PT

Project Title:	Low-voltage organic thin-film transistors by using high-k gate dielectric
Investigator(s):	Lai PT
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	General Research Fund (GRF)
Start Date:	09/2007
Completion Date:	02/2010

Abstract:

(1) Develop new dielectric materials with high dielectric constant (i.e. high-k). (2) Incorporate the high-k dielectric materials as the gate insulator layer in organic FET devices to reduce their operating voltages.(3) Passivate the surface of the high-k dielectric materials to achieve smoother surface and thus induce growth of larger organic grains, both of which are important for improving the carrier mobility. (4) Scale down the thickness of the gate insulator in organic FET devices to achieve further improvements in their operating voltage and current drive.

Project Title:	High-k Gate Dielectrics for High-Perfo rmance Germanium MISFET's
Investigator(s):	Lai PT
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	General Research Fund (GRF)
Start Date:	09/2008

Abstract:

1. Develop new materials as gate dielectric with high dielectric constant (i.e. high-k) for Ge MISFET's with high resistance to gate-metal diffusion, good thickness uniformity and low fixed charge density. Moreover, high-k dielectrics give high gate-oxide capacitance and hence high current drive. 2. Develop an improved understanding of the nature of the Ge/dielectric interfa ce. Understanding the nature of the Ge/dielectric interface is just as important now as it was for the Si/SiO2 interface system in the early 1960's. By performing extensive chemical, material, and electrical research, the oxidation kinetics of Ge, the stoichiometry and the bonding structures of the Ge/dielectric interface, and their effects on the resulting electrical characterist ics of the Ge/dielectric interface (interface-state and fixed-charge densities) will be investigated. 3. From (2), develop efficient Ge surface passivation techniques for smooth Ge/dielectric interface, which is important for improving the carrier mobility and hence current drive. 4.Perform detailed electrical and reliability characterization of Ge MISFET's to study electrical conduction, dielectric breakdown, and time-dependent degradation mechanism; establish correlation among interfacial structures, process conditions, and electrical properties; establish conditions for Ge gate dielectric with interfacial and bulk qualities close to the Si/dielectric system.

Project Title:	IEEE International Conference on Electron Devices & Solid-State Circuits 2008 (EDSSC 2008) Improved Properties of Ge MOS Capacitors with HfTiON or HfTiO Gate Dielectric by using Wet-NO Ge-Surface Pretreatment
Investigator(s):	Lai PT
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff
Start Date:	12/2008

Abstract:

N/A

Project Title:	High-k Gate Dielectrics for Germani um MISFET’s
Investigator(s):	Lai PT
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Small Project Funding
Start Date:	11/2009

Abstract:

Extensive research interest in the use of Ge for semiconductor applications has been carried out recently. This interest has been stimulated by the many unique and outstanding physical and electronic properties of Ge. Compared with Si, Ge has 1.6X smaller energy bandgap, 3X higher electron mobility, and also 4X higher hole mobility. Therefore, Ge can combine low-voltage operation with high frequency performance for future ULSI systems. Moreover, with a 480oC-lower melting point, Ge is easier and cheaper to process. Despite increased R&D activity, there are several materials and processing technology problems which are serious obstacles to further progress in the development of Ge Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MISFET). One of the foremost problems at the present time is the difficulty in obtaining high-quality gate dielectric for Ge MISFETs to suppress the degradation of gate electrode, especially when the transistor is driven hard or subjected to extreme heat. Although the quality of thermally grown oxide on Ge is acceptable, there remain several problems to be solved. One is on the long term stability of the thermal oxide, which is chemically unstable and easily reacts with metal layer deposited on it. The second problem is that oxide roughness monotonically increases with oxide thickness, which is probably due to the enhanced oxidation rate in the areas where dislocations exist. Another concern is that the small forward turn on voltage is limited by the conduction band discontinuity between the oxide and the Ge layer, implying that the use of wider-bandgap dielectric should give a better gate insulator with lower leakage current. In view of all these, the following approach is proposed to improve the gate dielectric for Ge: (1) Develop new high-k gate dielectrics with high dielectric constant for Ge MISFET's (2) Develop high-quality interlayer to achieve smooth dielectric/Ge interface.

List of Research Outputs

Chen G. , Choi H.W. and Lai P.T. , A Study on InGaN/GaN Multiple Quantum-Well Hydrogen Sensor with HfTiO as Gate Dielectric, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on EDSSC . Xian, China, 2009.

Deng L. , Lai P.T. and Xu J. , Low-Voltage Polymer Thin-Film Transistors with High-k HfTiO Gate Dielectric Annealed in NH3 or N2, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on EDSSC . Xian, China, 2009.

Fu W.Y. , Hui K.N. , Wang X. , Wong K.K.Y. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Geometrical Shaping of InGaN Light-emitting Diodes by Laser Micromachining, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters . 2009, vol: 21; issue: 15: 1078.

Hui K.N. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , RGB Stacked White LEDs, 2nd International Conference on White LEDs and Solid State Lighting . 2009.

Ji F. , Xu J. , Chen J.J., Xu H. , Li C. and Lai P.T. , A Compact Threshold-Voltage Model of MOSFETs with Stack High-k Gate Dielectric, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on EDSSC . Xian, China, 2009, 10.11.

Ji F. , Xu J. , Li C. , Lai P.T. and Chan C.L. , Impacts of Ti Content and Annealing Temperature on Electrical properties of Si MOS Capacitors with HfTiON Gate Dielectric, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference onEDSSC . Xian, China, 2009, 10.7.

Li C. , Leung C.H. , Lai P.T. and Xu J. , A study on fluorine incorporation in Ge p-MOS capacitors with HfTiON dielectric, Microelectronic Engineering . 2009, 86: 1596-1598.

Li C. , Xu H. , Xu J. and Lai P.T. , Effects of annealing gas species on the electrical properties and reliability of Ge MOS capacitors with high-k Y2O3 gate dielectric, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on EDSSC . Xian, China, 2009, 10.13.

Li C. and Lai P.T. , Wide-bandgap high-k Y2O3 as passivating interlayer for enhancing the electrical properties and high-field reliability of n-Ge Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor capacitors with high-k HfTiO gate dielectric, Applied Physics Letters . 2009, 95: 022910.

Li Z. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , A Reliability Study on Green InGaN/GaN Light-emitting Diodes, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters . 2009.

Li Z. , Tripathy S., Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Effect of Indium Content on Performance and Reliability of InGaN/GaN Light-emitting Diodes, Journal of Applied Physics . 2009, 106: 094507.

Li Z. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Failure Analysis of InGaN/GaN LEDs with Emission Wavelength between 440 nm and 550 nm, 8th International Conference on Nitride Semiconduc tors . 2009.

Li Z. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Reliability Study on Green InGaN/GaN Light-emitting Diodes, Journal of Physics: Conference Series . 2010, 209: 012065.

Liu L. , Xu J. , Chen L. .L. and Lai P.T. , A Study on the Improved Programming Characteristics of Flash Memory with Si3N4/SiO2 Stacked Tunneling Dielectric, Microelectronics Reliability . 2009, 49: 912-915.

Liu L. , Xu J. , Chan C.L. and Lai P.T. , Fabrication and Electrical Characterization of MONOS Memory with Novel High- κ Gate Stack, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on EDSSC . Xian, China, 2009, 23.2.

Liu Y. , Wu L.I.M.I.N.G. and Lai P.T. , Air-stability analysis and improvement of poly(3-hexylthiophene) field-effect transistors, Semicond. Sci. Technol. . 2009, 24: 095013.

Liu Y. , Deng L. , Yao R.H. and Lai P.T. , Low-Operating-Voltage Polymer Thin-Film Transistors Based on Poly(3-Hexylthiophene) With Hafnium Oxide as the Gate Dielectric, IEEE Trans. on Device and Materials Reliability . 2010, 10: 233-237.

Wang C. , Li C. , Leung C.H. and Lai P.T. , Effects of Sputtering and Annealing Temperatures on MOS Capacitor with HfTiON Gate Dielectric, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on EDSSC . Xian, China, 2009, 10.4.

Wang X. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Design and Performance of LEDs with Circular Geometry, 8th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors . Jeju, Korea, 2009.

Wang X. , Fu W.Y. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Evaluation of InGaN/GaN Light-emitting Diodes of Circular Geometry, OSA Optics Express . 2009, 17: 22311.

Wang X. , Lam K.Y., Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Novel Polygon LEDs for Higher Light Extraction, 8th International Symposium on Semiconductor Light Emitting Devices, Beijing, China . 2010.

Wang X. , Lam K.Y., Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Novel Polygon LEDs for Higher Light Extraction, the 8th International Symposium on Semiconductor Light Emitting Devices . Beijing, China, 2010.

Xu H. , Xu J. , Li C. , Chan C.L. and Lai P.T. , Impacts of Ti on Electrical Properties of Ge Metal-Oxide-Semiconduct or Capacitors with Ultrathin High-k LaTiON Gate Dielectric, Applied Physics A . 2010, 99: 903-906.

Xu H. , Xu J. , Li C. , Lai P.T. and Chan C.L. , Optimization of N Content for Higk-k LaTiON Gate Dielectric of Ge MOS Capacitor, Proceedings of IEEE Interational Conference on EDSSC . Xian, China, 2009, 10.8.

Xu J. , Zhang X. , Li C. , Chan C.L. and Lai P.T. , Comparative Study of HfTa-Based Gate-Dielectric Ge Metal- Oxide-Semiconductor Capacitors with and without AlON Interlayer, Applied Physics A . 2010, 99: 177-180.

Xu Z. , Xiang H. , Vellaisamy A.L.R. , Chui S.Y. , Wang Y., Lai P.T. and Che C.M. , Organic field-effect transistors fabricated with N,N'-substituted dialkyl-1,3,8,10-tetramethylquinacridone compounds, Applied Physics Letters . 2009, 95: 123305.

Zhu L. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , An ultraviolet micro-LED array and its application for microlens fabrication, 8th International Conference on Nitride Semiconduct or . 2009.

Zhu L. , Wang X. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Angular uniform white light-emitting diodes with an internal reflector cup, 2nd International Conference on White LEDs and Solid State Lighting . Taipei, Taiwan, 2009.

Zhu L. , Wang X. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Angularly-uniform White Light-emitting Diodes Using and Integrated Reflector Cup, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters . 2010, 22: 513.

Zhu L. , Lai P.T. and Choi H.W. , Vertically-mounted LEDs for Superior Light Extraction, 8th International Symposium on Semiconductor Light Emitting Devices . 2010.

Researcher : Lam EYM

Project Title:	Enhanced mixed document compression with modeling of the transform coefficient distributions
Investigator(s):	Lam EYM
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding for New Staff
Start Date:	01/2003

Abstract:

To examine how we can adjust the parameters in the algorithm to adapt it for different image types, in particular we aim at modeling the DCT coefficients, and use that to alter the quantization matrices accordingly .

Project Title:	Optical Sectioning in Optical Scanning Holography for Biomedical Applications
Investigator(s):	Lam EYM
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	04/2008
Completion Date:	03/2010

Abstract:

Obtaining a sectional image of a thick object is a common goal in many biomedical applications. Magnetic Resonance Imaging achieves this, for example, by select ive excitation of a slice of the object. For optical imaging, however, the main difficulty lies in the degradation due to light scattering from outside the focused plane. The scattered light introduces spurious structure and reduces the image contrast [1]. In 3D microscopy, it is extremely important to be able to identify the in-f ocus image while suppressing the "noise" from the other defocused planes. Our goal in this project is to develop a novel image reconstruction scheme that synthesizes any sectional image captured using optical scanning holography. Optical scanning holography has several advantages over other 3D optical imaging techniques. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and confocal microscop y are both effective systems, where true depth slicing is achieved as the defocused images are rejected before detection. However, that also means that scanning has to be performed sequentially for each plane, resulting in slow 3D scans that may be difficult or sometimes impossible for in vivo studies for biomedical applications [2]. In contrast, obtaining holographic information of a thick object has the advantage that acquisition time can be greatly reduced due to the volumetric capture of the image data. The major disadvantage of the latter method, which limits its popularity as that enjoyed by OCT or confocal microscopy, lies in the quality of the images, because of the light scattering from the defocused light. The hologram can be thought of retaining information from both the in-focus and defocus planes, and thus image postprocessing is critically needed to reject the latter [3]. There are several key issues involved in the design of the image postprocessing for optical scanning holography. First, the medical imaging community has a very low tolerance for image artifacts, as compared with other fields such as video processing. This is understandable given the importance of medical decisions that rely on those images. Howev er, from a technical point of view, that means the reconstruction algorithm must not introduce large errors, even if their occurrence has a low probability. Recently, a Wiener filter algorithm has been proposed for optical sectioning in optical scanning holography [2]. This method, however, requires the estimation of the power spectral densities of the in-focus and defocus planes. When applied to real biomedical images, this estimation is often difficult, and incorrect values can lead to significant image quality degradation. In our view, Wiener filter is useful as a benchmark for analysis with synthetic image but not good for practical implementation. We need a robust algorithm that can reconstruct in-foc us images with good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) before optical scanning holography can have widespread use in real applications. The second key issue is in the computational complexity. Many image reconstruction schemes these days are iterative in nature, as compared to the analytical methods found in earlier decades. This is understandable given the rapid advancement in computer technology. We indeed think that an iterative scheme is appropriate for the current problem. On the other hand, we also need to ensure that the computational complexity is within reasonable limits, because in real applications the image dimensions can be quite large (with millions of pixels) and our algorithm must scale gracefully with the size of the images. A third issue we consider in this project is more physical in nature. Holographic imaging uses coherent light sources, and speckle noise is inevitable for coherent imaging. Currently, optical scanning holography uses the optical technique of temporal heterodyning and spatially integrating photodetection to mitigate the problem. However, it would be more convenient to develop the capability of speckle noise suppression in the digital image postprocessing for in-plane image reconstruction. This would allow a much more flexible design of the system and potential dramatic improvement (in terms of data acquisition flexibility) in this form of biomed ical optics. References: [1] E. N. Neith, W. C. Chien, K. D. Mils, B. D. Athey, and D. S. Dilworth, "Optical sectioning by holographic coherence imaging: a generalized analysis," Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 20, 380-387, 2003. [2] T. Kim, "Optical sectioning by optical scanning holography and a Wiener filter," Applied Optics, 45(5), 872-879, 2006. [3] T. C. Poon, T. Kim, G. Indebetouw, M. H. Wu, K. Shinoda, and Y. Suzuki, "Twin-image elimination experiments for three-dimensional images in optical scanning holography," Optics Letters, 25, 215-217, 2000.

Project Title:	Outstanding Young Researcher Award 2007-2008
Investigator(s):	Lam EYM
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Outstanding Young Researcher Award
Start Date:	10/2008

Abstract:

The Awards are intended to recognize, reward, and promote exceptional research accomplishments of academic and research staff.

Project Title:	Imaging limits in optical projection lithography
Investigator(s):	Lam EYM
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	General Research Fund (GRF)
Start Date:	01/2009

Abstract:

1. This project has four main objectives corresponding to the issues mentioned above. Specifically, the first objective is to devise a mathematical model that describes the imaging process and the constraints in mask manufa cturing and robustness. We are not developing a lithography simulator, where commercial tools are already available. Rather, we need to formulate the problem mathematically in a way that is tractable for the existence question and OPC design. There are two major components to mode l, namely the projection optics and the photoresists. The former involves a partially coherent imaging system, where approximations such as the Hopkins model or the Optimal Coherent Approximation (OCA) need to be used to achieve computational and analytical benefits. For the latter, the resist effects are normally accounted for by using a simple threshold, but in reality the process is much more complex and realistic data are required to model this step accurately. There is a tradeoff in the modeling accuracy and numerical efficie ncy that we need to address carefully. 2. The second objective is to develop a methodology to estimate the feasibility of imprinting a certain circuit pattern under the model developed in Objective 1. To argue conclusively whether a pattern is feasible or not for any real system is an unrealistic goal, because that can require very detailed simulation and extensive computation. Instead, we aim to develop algorithms that can leverage on our experience in image restoration and image synthesis problems to identify mathematical criteria where a circuit pattern (or certain areas of it) is unlikely to be printable. A dual to this problem is to consider circuit patterns where multiple mask designs are possible, and we also aim to develop algorithms to make the pr oper choice among them. It should be noted that image synthesis is an inverse problem, which is ill-posed, and techniques such as regularization are needed. 3. Our third objective is to advance the OPC design. We have already made progress along this line, where the OPC is applicable to binary and alternating phase-shifting mask designs. However, our goal in this project is to not only give an OPC pattern, but at the same time a "map" that informs where a particular part of the image is nearly not printable. This can help inform the circuit designers that those will be problematic aspects when imaging parameters continue to tighten. 4. The fourth objective is exploratory in nature. We are intrigued by the extent to which speckle will be a problem in optical projection lithography, as it has been a critical issue in other optical systems such as synthetic-aperture radar and optical coherence tomography. We understand that the industry generally does not regard this to be an importan t issue for optical lithography today, but we see that this can be a more serious problem in the future. Thus, in this project we aim to quantify the speckle phenomenon in optical lithography, and consider the limits it imposes in the imaging quality and possible means to enhance it using speckle suppression techniques.

Project Title:	Sparsity in Signal and Image Recovery
Investigator(s):	Lam EYM
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	04/2009

Abstract:

The purpose of the proposed project is to investigate the use of sparsity in signal and image recovery. In order to appreciate the significance of this study, we first need to understand the nature and difficulty in recovering signals. Generally, we have a device that gives us the “captured signals”, from which we wish to infer the “source signals”. In the context of imaging, we have images captured from our “cameras”, and we wish to infer something about the object. Note that the images do not have to be visually similar to the object; in medical imaging, for instance, we may capture 1D signals about the magnetic behavior, or radioactivity, or optical properties of an object, and reconstruct it through postprocessing. Image reconstruct ion thus is an important and useful application for signal and image recovery. We generally call these inverse problems, because we attempt to derive the source (input) from the result or observation (output). Inverse problems are known to be difficult. Mathematically, many invers e problems are ill-conditioned, meaning that the derived input is very sensitive to slight changes in observation. A frequent strategy to mitigate this problem is with the use of prior information about the object, which is then incorporated in the formulation of the inverse problem before it is solved, often iteratively. The first key issue for us to investigate is whether spa rsity is an appropriate prior information for signal and image recovery problems. Strictly, a sparse signal means the signal is zero in most places except for a few entries. Similarly, a sparse image means it is dark almost everywhere, except a few spots. However, we can expand the view to include sparsity for different bases. In that case, a sparse signal would mean it can be described with a few coefficients in some bases. The success of signal and image compression over the past two to three decades suggests that most signals and images are approximately sparse, i.e. a lossy ve rsion of the signal and image is likely possible to be represented in some bases with very few coefficients. On the other hand, signals and images often contain noise, and that cannot be represented sparsely in any bases. Thus, while it is quite possible that sparsity is an approp riate description of the prior information about signals and images, we need to investigate to what extent is the effect of noise an issue in the inverse problem. The second key issue is how to formulate a problem with sparsity. To measure the sparseness of a signal, one uses the L_0 norm, which simply counts the number of non-zero terms. This is called the L_0 norm because it can be thought of as the general L_p norm (where each element is raised to the power p, added together , and the sum is raised to the power 1/p) where p goes to zero. However, it is known that L_0 norm is difficult to use, primarily because it is non-convex and would render the problem a combinatoric one. Recently, a very hot topic in signal processing essentially suggests that L_1 norm (L_p norm where p=1, so we are calculating the sum of the absolute values of the individual term s) is as good as L_0 norm for sparsity under certain general conditions. The third key issue is the development of an efficient computational methodology. Most optimization problems, such as those involving L_1 norm minimizat ion, are solved iteratively. Particularly, many descent methods are used. Thus, our concern would be to investigate the particular optimization setup and decide how to use methods such as conjugate gradient. We need to take into account the complexity of coding, and the run-time performance, particularly because we deal with images that involve a lot of pixels. We need to develop an algorithm that is scalable for different image and signal recovery needs. Finally, our fourth key issue is to apply on a "killer application" such as biomedical imaging, where we can demonstrate the effective use of signal and image recovery for substantial improvements to those imaging systems. The PI has experience with magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging, and these are the areas that we will consider more closely to investigate how sparsity can play a role in improving these systems.

Project Title:	Electronic Provision of Instructional Content (EPIC) in Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Investigator(s):	Lam EYM, Wong Lui KS, Tam VWL, Fok WWT
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Leung Kau Kui Research and Teaching Endowment Fund - Teaching Grants
Start Date:	05/2009

Abstract:

Education transcends boundaries. While this is the ideal for generations of educators, it is only made possible recently with the advent of various teaching and learning technologies. Many world-class institutes have begun making their courses available to the globa l community. Through this project, we aim to study the technical challenges in such an endeavor, and hopes to pave way for HKU to extend its engagement with both the local community as well as the global population through making its rich education resources accessible to them. The issue is not simply taping a lecture and putting the video on the web. True, taping a lecture is the first step. But there are quite a few issues one can foresee in making it available and accessible worldwide. We focus on addressing the technical issues detailed below. We also acknowledge that there are other non-technical issues, such as the intellectual property (IP) rights of the course materials, that may be more appropriately addressed by other experts in the area. The technical issues we aim to address include: * The choice(s) of video formats, bearing in mind the issues of video quality, transmission bandwidth, and viewing devices. * The scalability of the system, identifying the limits of the number of users and their usage patterns. * The stability of the system, protecting it against attacks. * The provision of additional “features” with the system, such as an online discussion forum for anyone viewing the materials. * The limitations and requirements of external servers, such as iTune and YouTube.

Project Title:	Frontiers in Optics 2009 Sparse Reconstruction of Complex Signals in Compressed Sensing Terahertz Imaging
Investigator(s):	Lam EYM
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff
Start Date:	10/2009
Completion Date:	10/2009

Abstract:

N/A

Project Title:	Inverse lithography for double mask exposures
Investigator(s):	Lam EYM
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	04/2010

Abstract:

The project aims to develop a feasible inverse lithography algorithm for double mask exposures in optical lithography. Specifically, we have the following objectives: 1. We aim to demonstrate the feasibility and power of inverse imaging in mask synthesis for microlithography. There are other competing technologie s for mask design, such as rule-based optical proximity correction (OPC). Our argument is that inverse imaging is much more powerful in delivering masks that can be non-intuitive but have better features, such as robustness against process variations. 2. The second objective is to advance on regularization technology in inverse imaging to achieve good manufacturability in the masks. One major obstacle to the adoption of inverse imaging is the lack of established methods to control the shapes of the resulting mask designs, and as a result the designs may require a high cost to manufacture and may not meet other requirements such as tolerance to process variations. We believe the key lies in properly designed regularization terms in the inverse imaging, as they have been used in other forms of imaging to enhance edge sharpness and other properties of the reconstructed images. 3. We also aim to make advances in the solving of the inverse imaging optimization problem. When we have double masks, the unknowns far exceed the observed data, and we have a lot of flexibility in choosing which variables to optimize at each iteration step. We plan to investigate and provide solution to this issue, which we expect can be beneficial to other imaging systems where we have severely downsampled data capture.

List of Research Outputs

Cheng H.Y. , Standish B., Yang V., Cheung K., Gu X., Lam E.Y.M. and Wong K.K.Y. , Hybrid Fourier domain modelocked laser utilizing a fiber optical parametric amplifier and an erbium doped fiber amplifier, Fiber Lasers VII: Technology, Systems, and Applications . 2010.

Cheng H.Y. , Standish B., Yang V., Cheung K., Gu X., Lam E.Y.M. and Wong K.K.Y. , Wavelength-swept spectral and pulse shaping utilizing hybrid Fourier domain modelocking by fiber optical parametric and erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, Optics Express . 2010, 18: 1909–1915.

Dong M., Chung R., Lam E.Y.M. and Fung K., Height inspection of wafer bumps without explicit 3D reconstruction, IEEE Transactions on Electronics Packaging Manufacturing . 2010, 33: 112–121.

Fung S.T. , Tam V.W.L. and Lam E.Y.M. , Improving an interactive simulator for computer systems with learning objects, International Conference on Education Technology and Computer . 2010.

Guo X., Chang C. and Lam E.Y.M. , Blind separation of electron paramagnetic resonance signals using diversity minimization, Journal of Magnetic Resonance . 2010, 204: 26–36.

Guo X. , Wan Q., Chang C. and Lam E.Y.M. , Source localization using a sparse representation framework to achieve superresolution, Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing . 2010, 12.

Jia N. and Lam E.Y.M. , Machine learning for inverse lithography: Using stochastic gradient descent for robust photomask synthesis, Journal of Optics . 2010, 12: 045601.

Jia N. , Wong A. and Lam E.Y.M. , Regularization of inverse photomask synthesis to enhance manufacturability, Lithography Asia . 2009.

Kwok H.M.S. , So H.K.H. , Lam E.Y.M. and Wong Lui K.S. , Zero-configuration identity-based IP network encryptor, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics . 2010.

Lam E.Y.M. and Wong A., Computation lithography: virtual reality and virtual virtuality, Optics Express . 2009, 17: 12259–12268.

Lam E.Y.M. , IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems . 2010.

Lam E.Y.M. , Journal of the Optical Society of America A . 2010.

Lam E.Y.M. , Regularization in inverse lithography: Enhancing manufacturability and robustness to process variations, China Semiconductor Technology International Conference . 2010.

Lam E.Y.M. , Regularization in inverse lithography: Enhancing manufacturabil ity and robustness to process variations, China Semiconductor Technology International Conference . 2010.

Lam E.Y.M. , Zhang X. , Vo H., Poon T.C. and Indebetouw G., Three-dimensional microscopy and sectional image reconstruction using optical scanning holography, Applied Optics . 2009, 48: H113–H119.

Mak Y.H.G. , Lam E.Y.M. and Choi H.W. , Deep Etch of GaN by Laser Micromachining, 8th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors . 2009.

Mak Y.H.G. , Lam E.Y.M. and Choi H.W. , Deep etch of GaN by laser micromachining, International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors . 2009.

Mak Y.H.G. , Lam E.Y.M. and Choi H.W. , Precision laser micromachining of trenches in GaN on sapphire, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B . 2010, 28: 380–385.

Shen Y. , Wong N. and Lam E.Y.M. , Aberration-aware robust mask design with level-set-based inverse lithography, Photomask and Next-Generation Lithography Mask Technology . 2010.

Shen Y. , Wong N. and Lam E.Y.M. , Level-set-based inverse lithography for photomask synthesis, Optics Express . 2009, 17: 23690–23701.

Tam V.W.L. , Lam E.Y.M. and Salter Menzo D.J. , An interactive and pen-based simulator to enhance eduction and research in computer systems: An experience report., 2009 International Conference on ICT in Teaching and Learning. http://www.ict2009.ouhk .edu.hk/ . 2009.

Tam V.W.L. and Lam E.Y.M. , Special Issue on “Learning Objects and Their Supporting Technologies for Next Generation Learning”, Guest Editor , the IEEE Learning Technology Newsletter . the IEEE Technical Committee on Learning Technology, 2009.

Tang M.Y. , Ananta J., Zhao H., Cisneros B., Lam E.Y.M. , Wong S., Wilson L. and Wong K., Cellular uptake and imaging studies of gadolinium-loaded single-walled carbon nanotubes, International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Annual Meeting . 2010.

Tang M.Y. , Wong K., Ananta J., Lam E.Y.M. , Wilson L. and Wong S., Comparison of Gadolinium loaded and empty carbon nanotu bes as high performance MRI contrast agent, World Molecular Imaging Congress . 2009.

Xu Z. and Lam E.Y.M. , Hyperspectral reconstruction in biomedical imaging using terahertz systems, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems . 2010.

Xu Z. , Chan W., Mittleman D. and Lam E.Y.M. , Sparse reconstruction of complex signals in compressed sensing Terahertz imaging, OSA Topical Meeting in Signal Recovery and Synthesis . 2009.

Yeung K.H. , Tam V.W.L. , Lam E.Y.M. and Leung C.H. , Developing An Innovative and Pen-Based Simulator to Enhance Education and Research in Computer Systems, Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Teaching Technologies (ICALT 2009) . IEEE Computer Society Press, 2009.

Zhang X. , Lam E.Y.M. , Kim T., Kim Y. and Poon T.C., Blind sectional image reconstruction for optical scanning holography, Optics Letters . 2009, 34: 3098–3100.

Zhang X. , Lam E.Y.M. and Poon T., Reconstruction of multiple sectional images in optical scanning holography, WACBE World Congress on Bioengineering . 2009, 86–87.

Zhang X. and Lam E.Y.M. , Superresolution reconstruction using nonlinear gradien t-based regularization, Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing . 2009, 20: 375–384.

Researcher : Lam HY

List of Research Outputs

Yang Z.Y., Lee W.K. and Lam H.Y. , Collaboration Interface in Smart Metering Scheme, International Conference on Electrical Engineering . 2009, I9FP0475.

Researcher : Lam KH

List of Research Outputs

Lam K.H. , Lee W.K. , Lo E.W.C. and Lai T.M., Integration of BIPV Systems and Load Management, The International Conference on Electrical Engineering 2009 . I9CP0556.

Researcher : Lam WH

Project Title:	Personal communications networks
Investigator(s):	Lam WH
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Other Funding Scheme
Start Date:	10/1994

Abstract:

Third generation mobile (wireless) radio communications network.

Researcher : Lam YSA

List of Research Outputs

Lam Y.S.A. and Li V.O.K. , Chemical-reaction-inspired methaheuristic for optimization, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation . 2010, 14: 381-399.

Lam Y.S.A. and Li V.O.K. , Generalization of the No-free-Lunch Theorem, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics . Los Angeles, California, USA, 2009.

Xu J. , Lam Y.S.A. and Li V.O.K. , Chemical Reaction Optimization for the Grid Scheduling Problem, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Communication s . Cape Town, South Africa, 2010.

Researcher : Lau C

Project Title:	ISMRM-ESMRMB Joint Annual Meeting 2010 MEMRI Study of Mice Cerebellar Activation after Voluntary Wheel Running
Investigator(s):	Lau C
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff
Start Date:	05/2010
Completion Date:	05/2010

Abstract:

N/A

List of Research Outputs

Cao P. , Lau C. and Wu E.X. , Multi-dimension Random Phase Encoding for Chemical Shift Imaging, In: Daniel K. Sodickson, 2010 ISMRM Annual Meeting . 2010.

Lau C. , Xing K. , Chan C.W. and Wu E.X. , BOLD Temporal Dynamics of Superior Colliculus and Lateral Geniculate Nucleus during Monocular Visual Stimulati on, In: Daniel K. Sodickson, 2010 ISMRM Annual Meeting . 2010.

Zhou Y. , Chow M.K.A. , Chan C.W. , Lau C. and Wu E.X. , MEMRI Study of Mice Cerebellar Activation after Volunt ary Wheel Running, In: Daniel K. Sodickson, 2010 ISMRM Annual Meeting . 2010.

Researcher : Lau HF

List of Research Outputs

Wang S. , Wu E.X. , Lau H.F. , Gu J. , Zhou J.Y. and Khong P.L. , Characterization of mild hypoxic-ischemic injury in multiple white matter tracts in a neonatal rat model by diffusion tensor MR imaging, Joint ISMRM-ESMRMB Annual Scientific Meeting, Stockhol m, Sweden, 1-7 May 2010 .

Wang S. , Wu E.X. , Cai K. , Lau H.F. , Cheung P.T. and Khong P.L. , Mild hypoxic-ischemic injury in the neonatal rat brain: longitudinal valuation of white matter using diffusion tensor MR imaging, American Journal of Neuroradiology . 2009, 30: 1907-1913.

Wu E.X. , Chan C.W. , Khong P.L. , Lau H.F. and Cheung P.T. , Late measures of microstructural alterations in severe neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy by MR diffusion tensor imaging, International Journal Developmental Neuroscience . 2009, 27: 607-615.

Researcher : Lau HF

List of Research Outputs

Researcher : Lau KN

Project Title:	High capacity wireless LAN chip set design with multiple antenna (SoC design)
Investigator(s):	Lau KN, Ng TS
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Applied Research
Start Date:	10/2003

Abstract:

To develop a wireless LAN chipset solution for access point applications with multiple antennas.

Project Title:	Multi-user space-time scheduler design for wireless communications
Investigator(s):	Lau KN
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	02/2004

Abstract:

To propose an optimal analytical multi-user space-time scheduler design with respect to a generic utility function; to find the optimal and low complexity space time scheduling algorithms for other QoS-based utility functions (such as total system capacity and proportional fairness) for high-speed wireless multi-media applications with multiple antennas; to derive the optimal space-time scheduler design and partial feedback strategy when the feedback link has a capacity constraint.

Researcher : Lee WK

List of Research Outputs

Fok W.W.T. and Lee W.K. , Vision Development in Engineering Education during Financial Crisis and Natural Disasters, International Conference on Electrical Engineering . 2009, I9FP0473.

Lam K.H. , Lee W.K. , Lo E.W.C. and Lai T.M., Integration of BIPV Systems and Load Management, The International Conference on Electrical Engineering 2009 . I9CP0556.

Lee W.K. and Fok W.W.T. , Vision Development in Engineering Education during Financial Crisis and Natural Disasters, International Conference on Electrical Engineering 2009 . Shenyang, ICEE.

Yang Z.Y., Lee W.K. and Lam H.Y. , Collaboration Interface in Smart Metering Scheme, International Conference on Electrical Engineering . 2009, I9FP0475.

Researcher : Lei CU

List of Research Outputs

Lei C.U. and Wong N. , Digital IIR filter design for communication systems by discrete-time vector fitting, Proc. Intl. Conf. Digital Signal Processing . 2009.

Lei C.U. , Wang Y. , Chen Q. and Wong N. , On vector fitting methods in signal/power integrity applications, Proc. Intl. MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists . 2010, 1407-1412.

Lei C.U. and Wong N. , VISA: versatile impulse structure approximation for time-domain linear macromodeling, Proc. Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC) . 2010, 37-42.

Zhang Z. , Lei C.U. and Wong N. , GHM: A generalized Hamiltonian method for passivity test of impedance/admittance descriptor systems, Proc. Intl. Conf. Computer Aided Design (ICCAD) . 2009.

Researcher : Lei CU

List of Research Outputs

Lei C.U. and Wong N. , Digital IIR filter design for communication systems by discrete-time vector fitting, Proc. Intl. Conf. Digital Signal Processing . 2009.

Lei C.U. , Wang Y. , Chen Q. and Wong N. , On vector fitting methods in signal/power integrity applications, Proc. Intl. MultiConference of Engineers and Comput er Scientists . 2010, 1407-1412.

Lei C.U. and Wong N. , VISA: versatile impulse structure approximation for time-domain linear macromodeling, Proc. Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC) . 2010, 37-42.

Zhang Z. , Lei C.U. and Wong N. , GHM: A generalized Hamiltonian method for passivity test of impedance/admittance descriptor systems, Proc. Intl. Conf. Computer Aided Design (ICCAD) . 2009.

Researcher : Leng M

List of Research Outputs

Leng M. and Wu Y.C. , On Clock Synchronization Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks under Unknown Delay, In: Weihua Zhuang, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology . IEEE, 2010, 59: 182-190.

Researcher : Leung CC

List of Research Outputs

Tam C. .F., Leung C.C. and Tsui W.K. , A robust segmentation method for the AFCM-MRF model in noisy image, Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Fuzzy Systems . NJ, USA, IEEE Press Piscataway, 2009, 379 - 383.

Researcher : Leung CH

Project Title:	Investigation of Cytotoxicity of Magnetic Nanoparticles by Image Analysis
Investigator(s):	Leung CH, Pong PWT, Mak SK, Wong CM
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	06/2010

Abstract:

Objectives: 1. To study the size and shape dependent cytotoxicity of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in vitro 2. To study the composition and dose dependent cytotoxi city of MNPs in vitro 3. To study the surface modified magnetic nanoparticles and cell interactions in vitro Background – MNPs have been widely used in our life but their safety is into question. According to the new PAS71 document developed in UK, nanoparticle is defined as a particle with one or more dimensions at the nanoscale, which is of the order of 100nm or less [1]. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are a class of nanoparticles, commonly consisting of magnetic elements such as iron, nickel, cobalt and their oxides. MNPs can be manipulated under the influence of an external magnetic field, and their intrinsic magnetic characters attract increas ing interest in the biomedical sciences. For example, the MNPs can be used in cell labelling, targeting and separating, hyperthermia, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement and magnetofection [2-4]. If these trends continue, a wide range of synthetic MNPs with diverse properties will expose to humans. Historically the MNPs were considered to be safe to humans for their lack of acute toxicity in vivo. As the MNPs are intentionally engineered to interact with cells, it is important to understand the health effects of MNPs, but recently multiple studies claims their safety is into question [5]. The safety protocols of using nanoparticles are urgently required, but the knowledge of cellular response to nanosized particles is still very deficient. Key issue (1) – size and shape dependence of nanotoxicity It is well known that the MNPs have unique size-depende nt properties, and a large surface area to volume ratio. This kind of size-dependent magnetic properties of some MNPs have been demonstrated [6]. Some studies have found that different sizes and shapes all might affect the interactions between nanoparticles and cells. It has been showed that the cellular responses of connecti ve tissue fibroblasts, epithelial cells, macrophages, and melanoma cells were size dependent of gold nanopaticles, but the silver nanoparticles with the E.coli undergo a shape-dependent interaction [7-8]. In cellular uptake and exit of nanoparticles including some MNPs, the physical dimensions and the sizes are highly depended upon [9-10]. Especially, the smaller, spherical functi onalized nanoparticles were found to have a higher rate of cell entry than did larger, cylindrical nanoparticles [11]. Therefore, the cytotoxicity related to the size and shapes of MNPs to the cell are first two factors studied in our research. Key issue (2) – composition and dose dependence of nanotoxicity For the MNPs with different compositions usually do not show the same physical and chemical characters, it might be very reasonable that they could have different effects on the cell. As a typical example given here, Hussain et al. compare the cellular toxic responses with respect to the different sizes of nanoparticles with different core chemical compositions, and find that the Ag (15, 100nm) at 5-50μg/ml was highly toxic, MoO3 moderately toxic and others displayed less or no toxicity at the doses tested [12]. And as many studies have shown, the doses or concentrations of nanoparticles have close relationship with their toxicity. In vivo experiment, significant toxic effects of iron oxide nanoparticles at high doses have been found, mainly likely due to a massive iron load after repeated injections [13]. And the dose dependent cytotoxicity also has been found in vitro studies. For examples, Pisanic et al. [2] reported the viability and capacity of cells diminished as the dose of anionic MNPs increased. And the Neuro-2A cells became necrotic as the concentrations of ZnO particles increased. Their mitochondrial function decreased significantly in the cells exposed higher doses of Fe3O4, Al2O3 and TiO2 [14]. The damage to mitochondria and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell also increased in dose-dependent [7, 15]. Therefore, the composition and dose dependence of cytotoxicity of MNPs will also be studied in our research and this part of work might be conducted among the research about key issue 1. Key issue (3) – modified surface of nanoparticles and cell response Apart from the size and shape of nanoparticles, surfaces of nanoparticles are in a dynamic exchange with biomolecules [16]. The bare MNPs are chemically highly active and have a propensity to agglomerate, and they are usually coated with organic species or inorganic layer, which also have an influence on their properties. Especially, a magnetic nanoparticl e with a magnetic coating usually has a dramatic influence on the magnetic properties [17]. The cell response can be directed via specifically engineered particle surfaces. The modified MNPs have been found to be able to induce alterations in cell behaviour distinct from the unmodified particles, or effectively enter into cancer cells and induce cell apoptosis [18-21]. And with different modified surfaces, the effects might be totally different. For example, nickel ferrite par ticles coasted with oleic acid, the cytotoxicity significantly increased [22]. But well-stabilized NmDMSA and pullulan coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Pn-SPION) produced weak cytotoxic or non-toxic [23-24]. There are also some studies about anionic modified maghemite nanoparticles in cellular uptake, the iron oxide nanopaticles bound with methotrexate (MTX) with the viability of cancer cells [25-26], and the surfaces with different shapes of nanoparticles also showed different functi ons [27]. Therefore, the varied modified shapes of MNPs are also valuable when we study their cytotoxicity. Problems to be Tackled This research project is to make use of nanotechnologies to prepare different kinds of nano particles with varied sizes, shapes, components and surfaces. And we will perform systematic study on the effects of those MNPs to the cell growth or the cell response to varied kinds of MNPs. We will then try to develop a model to predict the relationship of the MNPs’ features and their effects on cell [28], and try to control the interactions of MNPs with cell by adjusting the parameters of MNPs, such as their sizes, shapes, com ponents or modified surface. This will help us to regulate the application of nanoparticles and promise its commercialization as a novel nanoparticle manufacture system for differ ent biomedical applications.

List of Research Outputs

Leung K.C. and Leung C.H. , Recognition of handwritten Chinese characters by combining regularization, Fisher’s discriminant and distorted sample generation, 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Barcelona, 2009 . 1026–1030.

Leung K.C. and Leung C.H. , Recognition of handwritten Chinese characters by critical region analysis, Pattern recognition . 2010, 43: 949-961.

Li C. , Leung C.H. , Lai P.T. and Xu J. , A study on fluorine incorporation in Ge p-MOS capacitors with HfTiON dielectric, Microelectronic Engineering . 2009, 86: 1596-1598.

Tam V.W.L. , Liao Z. , Leung C.H. , Yeung L.K. and Kwan A.C.M. , An Interactive Simulation Game to Enhance Learners’ Experience on Ubiquitous Computing Devices, In: Aleksandar Lazinica, Advanced Learning . I-Tech Education and Publishing, 2009.

Wang C. , Li C. , Leung C.H. and Lai P.T. , Effects of Sputtering and Annealing Temperatures on MOS Capacitor with HfTiON Gate Dielectric, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on EDSSC . Xian, China, 2009, 10.4.

Yeung K.H. , Tam V.W.L. , Lam E.Y.M. and Leung C.H. , Developing An Innovative and Pen-Based Simulator to Enhance Education and Research in Computer Systems, Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Teaching Technologies (ICALT 2009) . IEEE Computer Society Press, 2009.

Researcher : Leung KC

Project Title:	Adaptive Distributed Scheduling in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Investigator(s):	Leung KC
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	05/2009

Abstract:

The provision of quality of service (QoS) guarantees is required for efficient operations of applications running over mobile ad hoc networks. The existing QoS-based scheduling protocols for wireless ad hoc networks devise a transmission schedule based on some detailed network topology information. Under the highly dynamic network environment, such network topology information can easily be stale, causing substantial performance degradation due to ill-coordinated channel contention. Besides, most of these proposed schedulin g protocols for mobile ad hoc networks are designed without taking channel errors into consideration. Topology-transparent scheduling (or topology-independent scheduling) does not require detailed topology information for constru cting a transmission schedule, and each node or link is guaranteed a certain minimum throughput. It is ensured that, by topology-transparent scheduling, a node is able to deliver a packet to all of its neighbours successfully whenever channel contention is the only source of tran smission errors. Nevertheless, signal fading and mobility can also result in significant transmission faults. Hence, none of the proposed topology-transparent scheduling algorithms offer any goodput guarantees to nodes or links, nor any throughput guarantees to flows. Besides, when the network information is stable, topology-transparent scheduling generally yields poorer performance than topology-dependent scheduling. This means that it is advantageous to make use of the transmission history and/or the detailed network information so as to enhance the network throughput, when this network information is reliable. Otherwise, topology-transparent schedu ling is applied instead. Therefore, there is a need of an adaptive scheduling protocol to optimize the network performance for different network conditions. The objectives of this proposed research project are shown as follows: 1. Development of an adaptive scheduling protocol to network topology changes: This adaptive protocol is robust to the changing network conditions. On the one hand, when such connectivity information can easily become stale due to mobility, topology-tr ansparent scheduling is applied instead. On the other hand, the protocol would employ the transmission history and/or the detailed network topology information to maximize the network throughput whenever the network information is stable. In addition, the protocol is robust and can operate effectively in a distributed and cooperative manner. The operation is stable and prompt, but not overly sensitive to the network conditions. 2. Evaluation of protocol performance: We shall obtain analytical and simulation results to demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed adaptive scheduling protocol.

Project Title:	Congestion and Error Control for Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Investigator(s):	Leung KC, Li VOK
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research
Start Date:	03/2010

Abstract:

The success of the Internet arises from its capab ilities to support survivable, robust, and reliable end-to-end data transfer services for a myriad of applications running over a set of end-systems. The convergence of the computer, communication, entertainment, and consumer electronics industry is driving an explosive growth in Internet traffic, and such growth is expected to continue for some time. With the advancements in wireless technology and the demand for ubiquitous acc ess by users, increasingly such traffic is carried on wireless links, which are subject to wireless losses and packet reordering in addition to congestive losses. Currently, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the most popular transport layer protocol for point-to-point, connection-oriented, in-order, reliable data transfer in the Internet. However, in view of the explosive growth of traffic and the increasing heterogeneity of the communication environment, several key challenges must be overcome for the provision of high-speed data transfer via TCP: 1. Existing congestion control mechanisms for TCP fail in the presence of non-congestive loss and packet reordering. TCP makes use of the signals for network overload, such as duplicate acknowledgement (DUPACK), retransmission timeout (RTO), and round-trip time (RTT), to infer whether there is onset of network congestion. In many popular TCP variants like the most prevalent TCP Reno, the set of the signals for packet loss and that for network overload are nearly identical, since it is implicitly assumed that non-congestive loss is negligible. Unfortunately, this is no longer valid for a connection with a wireless link, in which non-congestive loss may be substantial. In addition, link layer retransm issions and path changes can cause packet reordering, which are mostly neglected in existing TCP variants. Hence it is important to consider such issues to avoid substantial degradation in throughput and network performance. 2. The existing TCP mechanisms lack scalability due to both equilibrium and stability problems. Many popular TCP variants, like TCP Reno, make use of the additive increase multiplicative decrease (AIMD) congestion avoidance algorithm. TCP Reno requires exceedingly small end-to-end loss probability to sustain a large window size, making the equilibrium difficult to maintain. The system dynamics is also unstable at large bandwidth -delay product, leading to severe oscillations in the sizes of congestion windows and bottleneck queues. 3. There is no unified theory for congestion and error control under the general heterogeneous wired/wireless environment. Most existing TCP variants were developed from ad hoc heuristics, and they generally yield sub-optim al performance and may suffer performance problems in terms of throughput, fairness, stability, and responsiveness. The objectives of this research project are shown as follows : 1. Devise a novel unified theory of congestion and error control (TCE): We would like to propose TCE to identify, model, and evaluate a set of signals and mechanisms for congestion and error control so that the operating regions and effectiveness of these control mechanisms can be determined. With the support of solid theoretical analysis, we can gain a better understanding on the validity and feasibility of these control mechanisms in the provision of high-speed data transfer for transport layer protocols. 2. Propose a new TCP variant, TCP-TCE: We will design TCP-TCE by employing the findings and the theoretical analysis derived from TCE, rather than simply as ad hoc heuristics, as in many existing TCP variants. As a result, we expect to have substantial performance improvement. We will demonstrate TCP-TCE performance (throughput, fairness, stability, and responsivene ss) by computer simulations.

Project Title:	IEEE INFOCOM 2010 Enhancing Wireless TCP: A Serialized-Timer Approach
Investigator(s):	Leung KC
Department:	Electrical & Electronic Engg
Source(s) of Funding:	URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff
Start Date:	03/2010
Completion Date:	03/2010

Abstract:

N/A

List of Research Outputs

Hou R. , Leung K.C. , Wong Lui K.S. , Leung K.C. and Baker F., Aggregation-Based QoS Routing in the Internet, Journal of Communications . Academy Publisher, 2010, 5: 239-246.

Hou R. , Wong Lui K.S. , Leung K.C. and Baker F., Routing with QoS Information Aggregation in Hierarchical Networks, 17th International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQoS) . 2009, 10.

Lai C. , Leung K.C. and Li V.O.K. , A testbed for TCP in heterogeneous wired/wireless networks, Proc. IEEE INFOCOM Demos . San Diego, California, USA, 2010.

Lai C. , Leung K.C. and Li V.O.K. , Demo Abstract: A Testbed for TCP in Heterogeneous Wired /Wireless Networks, The 29th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE INFOCOM 2010) Demonstration . IEEE, 2010.

Lai C. , Li V.O.K. and Leung K.C. , Differentiation among Occurrences of Packet Reordering, Congestive Packet Loss, and Random Packet Loss in Communication Networks, United States Provisional Application . 2009, 61/241,689.

Lai C. , Leung K.C. and Li V.O.K. , Enhancing Wireless TCP: A Serialized-Timer Approach, The 29th IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE INFOCOM 2010) . IEEE, 2010.

Lai C. , Leung K.C. and Li V.O.K. , Enhancing wireless TCP: A serialized-timer approach, Proc. IEEE INFOCOM . San Diego, California, USA, 2010.

Lai C. , Leung K.C. and Li V.O.K. , TCP-NCL: A unified solution for TCP packet reordering and random loss, Proc. IEEE PIMRC . Tokyo, Japan, 2009.

Lai C. , Leung K.C. and Li V.O.K. , TCP-NCL: A Unified Solution for TCP Packet Reordering and Random Loss, The 20th Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communicat ions Symposium 2009 (IEEE PIMRC 2009) . IEEE, 2009.

Leung K.C. and Li V.O.K. , A Resequencing Model for High-Speed Packet-Switching Networks, Computer Communications . Elsevier, 2010, 33: 443-453.

Leung K.C. and Leung K.C. , A resequencing model for high-speed packet-switching networks, Elsevier Computer Communications . 2010, 33: 443-453.

Leung K.C. and Leung C.H. , Recognition of handwritten Chinese characters by combining regularization, Fisher’s discriminant and distorted sample generation, 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Barcelona, 2009 . 1026–1030.

Leung K.C. and Leung C.H. , Recognition of handwritten Chinese characters by critical region analysis, Pattern recognition . 2010, 43: 949-961.

Leung K.C. , 改善社會價值文化由樹立楷模做起, 明報, Hong Kong, 明報, 2009, B9版.

Leung K.C. , 社會持續發展必須支援科研, 明報, Hong Kong, 明報, 2009, B13版.

Sun Q. , Li V.O.K. and Leung K.C. , A Framework for Topology-Transparent Scheduling in Wireless Networks, The IEEE 71st Vehicular Technology Conference (IEEE VTC 2010-Spring) . IEEE, 2010.

Sun Q. , Li V.O.K. and Leung K.C. , Adaptive Topology-Transparent Distributed Scheduling in Wireless Networks, The IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE ICC 2010) . IEEE, 2010.

Sun Y. , Li V.O.K. and Leung K.C. , A framework for topology-transparent scheduling in wireless networks, Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference . Taipei, Taiwan, 2010.

Researcher : Leung KC

List of Research Outputs

Hou R. , Leung K.C. , Wong Lui K.S. , Leung K.C. and Baker F., Aggregation-Based QoS Routing in the Internet, Journal of Communications . Academy Publisher, 2010, 5: 239-246.

Hou R. , Wong Lui K.S. , Leung K.C. and Baker F., Routing with QoS Information Aggregation in Hierarchical Networks, 17th International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQoS) . 2009, 10.

Lai C. , Leung K.C. and Li V.O.K. , A testbed for TCP in heterogeneous wired/wireless networks, Proc. IEEE INFOCOM Demos . San Diego, California, USA, 2010.

Lai C. , Leung K.C. and Li V.O.K. , Demo Abstract: A Testbed for TCP in Heterogeneous Wired/Wireless Networks, The 29th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE INFOCOM 2010) Demonstration . IEEE, 2010.

Lai C. , Li V.O.K. and Leung K.C. , Differentiation among Occurrences of Packet Reordering, Congestive Packet Loss, and Random Packet Loss in Co mmunication Networks, United States Provisional Application . 2009, 61/241,689.

Lai C. , Leung K.C. and Li V.O.K. , Enhancing Wireless TCP: A Serialized-Timer Approach, The 29th IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE INFOCOM 2010) . IEEE, 2010.

Lai C. , Leung K.C. and Li V.O.K. , Enhancing wireless TCP: A serialized-timer approach, Proc. IEEE INFOCOM . San Diego, California, USA, 2010.

Lai C. , Leung K.C. and Li V.O.K. , TCP-NCL: A unified solution for TCP packet reordering and random loss, Proc. IEEE PIMRC . Tokyo, Japan, 2009.

Lai C. , Leung K.C. and Li V.O.K. , TCP-NCL: A Unified Solution for TCP Packet Reordering and Random Loss, The 20th Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications Symposium 2009 (IEEE PIMRC 2009) . IEEE, 2009.